高中英语从句结构
没有给句子呀。。。
名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功同名词一样. 一.主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾. 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化.而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that.被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is +名词+从句 (2) it is +形容词+从句 (3) it is +不及物动词+从句 (4) it +过去分词+从句 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首. (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前. (3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前. (4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前. (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前. 4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然. 定语从句也称为关系从句或形容词性从句,由关系代词(who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(as, when, where, why)等引导.关系词除了起引导作用外,还在从句中指代前面的先行词,并在从句中担任一定的成分. 一、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 定语从句就其与先行词的关系而言,可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句.限定性定语从句和先行词之间没有逗号,表示对先行词起修饰限制作用;而非限定性定语从句和先行词之间有逗号分开,是对先行词进行补充说明,相当于并列句.如: He is the man who has strong personality. 他是个个性很强的人.(限定性定语从句) My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在国外工作,他下周将回来.(非限定性定语从句) 注:1. 非限定性定语从句不能用that来引导,一般用which,as或who(指人).用which或as引导时,既可以修饰主句的部分内容,也可修饰主句的全部内容.如: He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. (which指代整个主句,在从句中作主语) 2. as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句之前.如: As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth. The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people's life greatly. 3. 在限定性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时可以省略;但在非限定性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时不能省略.如: The film (which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去) She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before. (whom不能省去) 二、通常只用关系代词that,不用 which,who或whom的几种情况 1. 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等时.如: All that you want are here. 2. 当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very等修饰时.如: There is no person that doesn’t make mistakes. 3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时.如: This is the best film that I have ever seen. 4. 当出现两个或两个以上的先行词,并同时兼指人和物时.如: We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited. 5. 当主句是以which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时.如: Who is the person that is standing over there? 6. 当定语从句为there be 句型时,关系代词只能用that,但经常可以省略.如: I know the difference (that) there is between you. 7. 当关系代词在从句中作表语时,常用that.如: He does not seem to be the man that he was. 他似乎和过去不一样了. 三、as 与其他词连用引导的定语从句 as 引导定语从句时,可指人也可指物,通常与the same,such,so等连用,形式为:the same… as,such… as,as …as,so… as.As在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等.如: She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感觉与她自己的一样.(as代替事,作宾语) I lend you such books as will interest you. 我借给你使你感兴趣的书.(as代替物,作主语) 注:the same… as 和the same… that的用法不同.as引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物“相似”,指同类事物;that引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一个”,指同一事物.如: This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这和我昨天丢的笔一样.(类似的笔) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这支笔就是我昨天丢的那支.(同一支笔) 四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 在“介词+which/whom”结构中,介词的选择取决于三种情况: 1.定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配.如: This is the college in which I am studying. He is the man about whom we are talking. 2.先行词与介词的习惯搭配.如: The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter. 仪表上显示出这台机器运转的速度. 3.当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which; 否则用其他介词.如: I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK. 注:不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前,如put up with;有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配,此时需要根据上下文来确定.如:be familiar with/to,compare with/to等. 有时为表意清楚,还可以在关系副词where/ when前加介词from, to等.如: China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 中国是风筝的故乡,从这里,放风筝的运动传到了日本、韩国、泰国和印度.
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是全句的主体,往往可以独立存在,而从句只是全句的一个句子成分,不能独立存在。例如:We met where the roads crossed.I forgot to post the letter which I wrote yesterday.从句虽然不能单独成句,但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,从句需要由一个关联词引导。引导从句的关联词有七类。从属连接词——whether、when、 although、because、if。He will get the letter tomorrow if you send it off now.I don't know what you mean.疑问代词——who、whom、 whose、which、what。Who he is doesn't concern me.I don't know what you mean.疑问副词——when、where、why、how。I asked how he was going on.I can't understand why he was so late.关系代词——who、whom、whose、which、that。Nobody who understands the subject would say such a thing.Water that is impure often causes serious illness.关系副词——when、where、why。July and August are the months when the weather is very hot.She would like to live in a country where it never snows.缩合连接代词——what、 whatever、who、whoever、that、 whichever。Show me what you have written.Whoever does wrong is punished in the end.缩合连接副词——whenever、where、wherever、 however。Whatever he goes out, he always takes his umbrella.Sit wherever you like.从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。由于主语从句,表语从句和宾语从句在句子里的功用相当于名词,所以叫做名词性从句。名词性从句的关联词大抵相同,而且其前一般不用逗号。
从句,即从属子句,是复句中具有分属地位的分句,它是一种绝大部分语言都有的语法结构。在现代汉语的语法中,“从句”不作为专业术语被使用。在现代英语的语法中,从句指复合句中不能独立成句,但具有主语部分和谓语部分,由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、whether、which等引导词(Connective)引导的非主句部分。
1.主语从句
1)主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有:
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.宾语从句
1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中,如果谓语是否定的,一般将否定词移至主句谓语上,宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外,还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句,不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于of which;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
5.定语从句
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
一、概说
状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义,状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。状语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点,也是历年高考重点考查的内容之一。学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别,以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。
二、时间状语从句
1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多,常见的有before,after,when,while,as,since,till,until,assoonas等。
2.表示“当…时候”的while,when,as的用法区别是:while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能用when;当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时,只能用as。另外,用于此义的as所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,不能是状态动词。如下面一道高考题的答案是B而不能是A:
“I’mgoingtothepostoffice.”“_____you’rethere,canyougetmesomestamps?”
A.As B.While C.Because D.If
3.until在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词,表示相应动作结束的时间;在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词,表示相应动作开始的时间,意为“直到…才”。如:
Hewaiteduntilshewasabouttoleave.他等着一直到她准备离开。
Ididnotbegintoworktillhehadgone.他走了后我才开始工作。
4.表示“一…就”除用assoonas外,还可用theminute,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,nosooner…than,hardly…when等。如:
Icameimmediatelyyoucalled.你一来电话我就来了。
Hardlyhadshearrivedwhenitbegantosnow.她刚到就下起雪来了。
ThemomentIhavefinishedI'llgiveyouacall.我一干完就给你打电话。
5.everytime,eachtime,(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime,bythetime,thefirsttime,anytime等以time结尾的词语也可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。如:
Nexttimeyoucomein,pleaseclosethedoor.下次你进来,请关门。
Hedidn’ttellmeanythingthelasttimeIsawhim.上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。
BythetimeIgothome,shehadalreadygonetobed.我到家时她已睡觉了。
三、条件状语从句
1.引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if,unless,as[so]longas等。如:
Don’tcomeunlessItelephone.除非我打电话,否则你别来。
Ifyouwatchcarefullyyouwillseehowtodoit.如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做。
Aslongasyoudoyourbest,we’llbehappy.只要你尽力,我们就满意了。
2.incase也可引导条件状语从句,其意为“如果”、“万一”。如:
IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit.如果我忘了,请提醒我。
四、让步状语从句
1.引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although,though,however(=nomatterhow),evenif(即使),whether…or(不论…还是)等连词。如:
Thespeechisgood,thoughitcouldbebetter.这次演讲不错,虽然还可以再好一点。
Hewentouteventhoughitwasraining.尽管下雨,他还是出去了。
2.as也可引导让步状语从句,但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到as前,若提前的是单数可数名词,要省略a/an。如:
Teacherasheis,hecan’tknoweverything.虽然是老师,他也不可能什么都懂。
3.连词while有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”,引导让步状语从句。如:
Whilewedon’tagreewecontinuetobefriends.尽管我们意见不同,我们还是朋友。
4.whatever,whoever,however,whenever,wherever等引导让步状语从句。如:
Don’tloseheartwhateveryoudo.不管你做什么,都不要灰心。
Whoeveryouare,youcan’tpassthisway.不管你是谁,你都不能从这里通过。
注:表示“虽然”的though,although不可与but连用,但可与yet,still连用。
五、原因状语从句
1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because,as,since,seeing(that),now(that)等:
Theycan’thavegoneoutbecausethelight’son.他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。
Sinceyouaregoing,Iwillgo.既然你去,我也去。
Nowthatwearealone,wecanspeakfreely.现在我们单独在一起,可以随便谈了。
2.除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外,when有时也可引导原因状语从句,其意“既然”。如:
Ican’ttellyouwhenyouwon'tlisten.既然你不想听,我就不告诉你了。
3.有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点:
(1)as与since,nowthat一样表示双方都知道的原因,通常位于主句前,且均不可用于强调结构被强调。
(2)当表示直接的因果关系,回答why时,或有only,just,all,partly,not,but等副词修饰时,或用在强调结构中都只能用because。
(3)for有时也可引出表示原因的分句,但它只能位于后面,对前一分句加以解释或推断。
(4)不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的so连用。
六、地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where(在…的地方),wherever(无论什么地方),everywhere(每个…地方),anywhere(任何…地方)。如:
I’mnotlivingwhereIwas.我不在原处住了。
Youcan’tcampwhere[wherever,anywhere]youlikethesedays.如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。
EverywhereIgo,Ifindthesamething.不管我走到哪里,我都发现同样情况。
2.有的同学认为地点状语从句在平时见得不多,误认为考试不会涉及,但恰恰相反,地点状语从句却是英语考试经常考查的一个知识点。请看以下考题:
(1)Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark_____youhaveanyquestions.
A.atwhich B.atwhere C.theplacewhere D.where
(2)Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup_____therehadoncebeenatheatre.
A.that B.where C.which D.when
(3)Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings_____youcanfindthemagain.
A.when B.where C.then D.there
(4)Shefoundhercalculator______shelostit.
A.where B.when C.inwhich D.that
以上四题均选where,其意为“在…的地方”,用以引导地点状语从句。
七、目的状语从句
1.引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有inorderthat,sothat,incase,forfear等。如:
IhiredaboatsothatIcouldgofishing.我租了一条船去钓鱼。
Takeyourcoatincaseitrains(shouldrain).带着雨衣以防下雨。
Hestudiedhardinorderthathecouldpasstheexam.他努力学习,是为了能通过考试。
2.引导目的状语从句的sothat有时可省so或that,即单独用so或that来引导目的状语从句。如:
Checkcarefully,soanymistakewillbecaught.仔细检查,以便任何错误都可检查出。
BringitcloserthatImightseeitbetter.拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。
八、结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有sothat,so…that,such…that等。如:
Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tspeak.他气得话都说不出来。
Heshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.他关窗子用力很大,结果玻璃震破了。
注:so…that和such…that中的that有时(尤其在口语中)可省略。
高中英语从句语法结构图
定语从句是高中英语中比较庞杂的知识体系,不知你在哪里 上海黄浦西藏南路上有一家辅导机构里面有免费派送定语从句的思维导图的,可以去哪里领取一下
作为三大主科之一的英语,在考试中所作占的分数比例很大,但是高中英语也是许多考生的薄弱科目。下面我跟大家分享一下高中英语必备常见句型结构语法大全,希望对你有帮助。1. as 句型 (1) as引导方式状语从句句型:“按照……;正如……” (2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ; 否定式:not as/so --- as (3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于…… (4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于…… (5) such...as... 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句) (6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句) (7) as 引导非限制性定语从句 (8)引导时间状语从句,与while意义相近 (9) 引导原因状语从句,与 because的用法相近 (10) 引导让步状语从句 我推荐: 英语常用句型结构大全 疑问句结构大全 2. prefer 句型 (1) prefer to do sth (2) prefer doing sth (3) prefer sb to do sth (4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth… 宁愿…...而不愿... (5) prefer doing sth to doing sth (6) prefer sth to sth 3. when 句型 (1) was/were doing sth...when... (2) was/were about to do sth ... when ... (3) had just done ... when ... 4. seem 句型 (1) It +seems + that从句 (2) It seems to sb that ... (3) There seems to be ... (4) It seems as if ... 5. 表示“相差……; 增加了……; 增加到……”的句型 (1) She is taller than I by three inches. 她比我高三英寸 (2) There is one year between us. 我们之间相差一岁。 (3) She is three years old than I. 她比我大三岁。 (4) They have increased the price by 50%. 他们把价格上涨了50% (5) His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month. 他的工资已经涨到了每月10,000元。 6. what 引导的名词性从句 (1) what 引导主语从句 (2) what 引导宾语从句 (3) what 引导表语从句 (4) what 引导同位语从句 7. too句型 (1) too ... to do ... (2) only too ... to do ... (3) too + adj + for sth (4) too + adj + a + n. (5) can't … too +形容词 无论……也不为过 8. where 句型 (1) where 引导的定语从句 (2) where 引导的状语从句 (3) where 引导的表语从句 9. wish 句型 (1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人现在做某事 (2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人过去做某事 (3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人将来做某事 10. would rather 句型 (1) would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做…… (2) would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事 (3) would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人过去做过某事 (4) would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事 11. before 句型 (1) before sb can/ could … 某人还没来得及…… (2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间…… (3) had done some time before (才……) (4) had not done ... before ... 不到……就…… (5) It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就…… 12. 强调句型 (1) It is /was +被强调部分+that(who)... (2) Is/was it + 被强调部分 + that (who) ... (3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词 + is/was it that ... (4) do/does/did +谓语动词 (强调谓语) 13. 用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型 (1)would like to/ would love to have done sth. (2) was / were going to do sth.(用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么) 例:Lucy was going to watch a basketball match. Lucy 原打算看一场篮球比赛。
首先来看看句子的分类,句子可以分为三种,如下图:
句子的分类
而从句也是一个句子,它是符合5大基本句型结构的简单句,但这个简单句(从句)又同时在另外一个句子(复合句)中担任某种句子成分。
学习从句,至少要理解上面三个概念
比如:
从句是:Who is the most beautiful movie star?谁是最漂亮的电影明星?
从句句型分析:who=S=主语,is=V=谓语,the most beautiful movie star=C=主语补足语(表语)
复合句是:She asked who is the most beautiful movie star?他问谁是最漂亮的电影明星?
复合句句型分析:she=S=主语,asked=V=谓语,who is the most beautiful movie star=O=宾语,所以Who is the most beautiful movie star?在复合句中是宾语从句。
我们知道,句子成分有7种:主语S,谓语V,宾语O,定语D,状语A,补语C,同位语T。
从句除了不能作谓语,其它都可以,所以常见的从句有6种,它们分别是:
6种常见从句
我们逐一来学习一下。
第一、主语从句
主语从句就是作主语的从句。
它的连接词有连词、连接副词、连词代词,如下图:
主语从句连接词
That she came to my birthday party made me happy.
她来参加我的生日晚会了,这让我很高兴。
Where the English evening will be held has not been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
主语从句放在句首时,句子显得很笨重,因此常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语后置,比如:
It is a pity that you have missed such a wonderful concert.
真遗憾你错过了这么精彩的一场音乐会。
第二、表语从句
表语从句就是作表语的从句。
它的连接词有连词、连接副词、连词代词等,如下图:
表语从句连接词
My idea is that we meet at the bus stop. 我的想法是我们在公共汽车站会面。
That is why he didn't come to the meeting. 那就是他没有到会的原因。
Things were not as if/though they had been before.事情不像以前那样。
第三、宾语从句
宾语从句就是作宾语的从句。
宾语从句的连接词
She said that she would drop maths. 她说她要放弃数学。
I don't understand why he gave it up midway. 我不理解她为什么半途而废。
Do you know who broke the glass? 你知道是谁打破了杯子?
第四、同位语从句
同位语从句就是作同位语的从句。
它的连接词有连词、连接副词等,如下图:
同位语从句的连接词
The fact that everyone loves beauty is common sense. 人人爱美是常识。
I have no idea where he was born.我不知道他出生在哪里。
其中,前面四种从句:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句相当于名词短语,所以也叫名词性从句。
我们再来看看相当于形容词的形容词性从句,也就是定语从句。
第五、定语从句
定语从句就是作定语的从句。
定语从句主要修饰、限定、描绘名词,有时修饰代词,放所修饰词后边。
定语从句的知识点如下图:
定语从句语法知识点
The girl who wears a new dress is my daughter.
那个穿新衣服的女孩是我的女儿。
The student whose mother is a professor studies very well.
那个学生的妈妈是一位教授,他学习很好。
This was the book that interested me last week.
这就是上周让我感兴趣的那本书。
The boy that beat me in the ping pong game was my deskmate.
在乒乓球比赛中击败我的那个男孩是我的同桌。
I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.我永远忘不了人党的那一天。
接着看看相当于副词的状语从句。
第六、状语从句
状语从句就是作状语的从句。
在复合句中修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词,起状语作用的从句叫作状语从句。
状语从句的知识点如下图:
状语从句语法知识点
Soon after he jumps his parachute will open. 他跳伞之后,降落伞就会打开。【时间状语从句】
It is three years since he joined the army. 他参军已经三年了。【时间状语从句】
He didn't come to school because he was ill. 他没有上学,因为他病了。【原因状语从句】
If you work hard,you will catch up with others. 如果你努力学习,你会赶上其他同学的。【条件状语从句】
He studied carefully and hard so that he passed the exam. 他学习既仔细又努力,因此通过考试了。【结果状语从句】
英语中从句有6类,分别为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
初中英语从句结构
定语从句:主语+先行词+关系代词(副词)+从句。I know the man who wears the sun glasses.宾语从句:主语+连接词+从句。I don't know where I should go.表语从句:主语+联系动词+从句。That is why I was late for the meeting.状语从句:常见的时间状语从句:主句+连词+从句。I was surfing the Internet when you called me last night.这能帮到你吗?
英语的复合句包括并列句和主从句两种.其中并列句是两句地位完全相同的简单句用表示并列关系的连词连接而成(例如and,or等).主从句虽然有两套主谓结构,但是其中一套是主要的,称为主句,另一套只是充当主句的某个成分,称为从句.英语从句分为宾语从句,定语从句,状语从句,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句6种. 宾语从句和表语从句 宾语从句和表语从句是从句中较为简单的一种.这两种从句是以句子的形式代替了主句中的宾语或表语,也就是直接占据了谓语后宾语或表语的位置,比较明显.引导宾语从句或表语从句的引导词最常用的是that,以及关系代词what,which,who(whom),关系副词when,where,how,whether. 由于主从复合句中有两套主谓结构,因而要注意时态的搭配.时态搭配的原则是从句服从主句,但是可以根据情况灵活配置,不过主从句之间不出现时段断层.因而一般常见的配置组合为: 主句 现在时 过去时 将来时 从句 现在时,过去时,将来时 过去的时态 一般现在时 注:当从句的内容是客观真理时,无论主句是什么时态,从句永远用一般现在时,例:The teacher told the students that the light travels faster than the sound in the air. 定语从句 定语从句是从句充当定语的用法,引导词与时态搭配的规则与宾语从句相同.定语从句与宾语从句区分的要点是宾语从句充当主句的宾语,占据了主句中宾语的位置,而定语从句的主句结构完整,定语从句在引导词的引导下跟在被修饰的主句的主语或宾语(表语)之后,起修饰作用,而被修饰的词语称为先行词.例如: ①People don’t know who runs in the morning in the park everyday.人们不知道是谁每天早晨在公园里跑步. ②People don’t know the man who runs in the morning in the park everyday.人们不知道那个每天早晨在公园里跑步的人是谁. 在②中,主句部分People don’t know the man句子结构是完整的,the man是被从句修饰的成分,即先行词. 注意,that是引导短语从句的引导词中最灵活而且用法最多的,通常可以代替所有关系代词(which,what,who,whom),而且有几种情况必须使用that:A.先行词是不定代词时;B.先行词受形容词最高级修饰时;C.当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时D.当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时;E.当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时;F.当先行词既包含人又包含物时当先行词是疑问代词who,which,what或主句以这些词开头时;G.当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时. 以下两种情况一般只使用which:在“介词+关系代词”结构中先行词为“those+表事物的复数名词”时. 当先行词为时间,地点或方式名词时,就有是使用关系代词和关系副词的问题了.原则非常简单:如果从句主谓宾结构完整,就使用关系副词;如果从句主谓宾结构不完整,使用关系代词.例如: ①This is the place where they met each other for the first time. 这是他们第一次见面的地方. ②This is the place that they will never forgrt. 这是他们永远不会忘记的地方. 在①中,从句部分的主谓宾结构是完整的,因而主句中的“place”充当了从句的地点状语,所以使用了关系副词where;在②中从句中没有宾语,因而主句中的“place” 充当了从句的宾语,所以使用了关系代词that. 注意定语从句中有一类非限制性定语从句.非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如: This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子.(限制性) The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.(非限制性) 2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如: My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园. 3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如: He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦. Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发. 说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句. 状语从句 状语从句的种类最多,知识点比较零散,归纳之后有以下几种: 时间状语从句 引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since, till, until, the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than,hardly …when, scarcely … when 例: I didn't realize how special my father was until I was 18. While Tom was watching TV, his wife was reading. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. Every time I take your advice, I get into trouble. 地点状语从句 引导词:where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should bring the mp3 player with you. 原因状语从句 引导词:because, since, as, since, seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, in as much as, in so much as Now that everybody has come, let's begin our clas. Considering that he is no more than 10 years old, his height of 1.60 m is not normal. 目的状语从句 引导词:so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that, in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that The boss asked his secretary to give him the letter so that he could send it out himself. The instructor raised his voice that the students at the back could hear more clearly. 结果状语从句 引导词:so … that, so… that, such … that, such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, He got up so early that he caught the first train. It's such a good chance that we must not miss it. 条件状语从句 引导词:if, unless, as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition, we shall call off the meeting. 让步状语从句 引导词:though, although, even if, even though, as(用在让步状语从句中 必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of ,the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever,whenever, however, whichever Much as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal. No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. 比较状语从句 引导词:as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较), 特殊引导词:the more … the more … ; just as …, so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B She is as bad-tempered as her mother. The house is three times as big as ours. The more you exercise, the healthier you will be. Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人,犹如油之于机器. 方式状语从句 引导词:as, as if, how, the way When in Rome, do as the Roman do. She behaved as if she were the boss. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 应当注意的知识点有: 引导时间状语从句的连词 主要有when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as等.其中when、while和as都可表示"当……时候",但用法有区别: 1) when意为"在……时;当……时",可表示"点时间"或"段时间",从句谓语可以 是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词.例如: When I got home, he was having supper. 2) as意为"边……边……"或"与……同时",重在表示两个动作同时发生、伴随进行.as从句是终止性动词时,主句通常也必须是终止性动词.例如: They sang as they danced. 3) while只可表示"段时间",从句谓语只限于延续性动词.例如: While I was sleeping, my father came in. 引导原因状语从句的连词 原因状语从句一般由because, since, as, for引导. 注意as, because, since 和for的区别: 1) 如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分, 一般用because.because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头.例如: I missed the train because I got up late. 注:对于以why开头的问句, 一般只能用because引导的从句来回答. 2) 如果原因已为人们所知, 或不如句子的其余部分重要, 就用as或since、since 比as稍微正式一些.as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头.例如: As he was not well,I decided to go there without him. Since this method doesn't work, let's try another. 3) for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,因此,for引导的从句可以放在括号里,而 且for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头.例如: I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry. 引导结果状语从句的连词 主要有so/such…that…,so that等. 1) so...that结构在某种情况下可以与enough to和too...to结构相互转换.例如: She is so short that she can't reach the buttons of the lift. =She is too short to reach the buttons of the lift. 2)so that也可以引导结果状语从句,意为"结果是;以致于".例如: They missed the bus so that they were late for class. 注:so that也可引导目的状语从句, 此时可用to或in order to替换, 将其改为简单句. 例如: He got up early so that he could get to school on time. =He got up early to get to school on time. =In order to get to school on time,he got up early . 主语从句 主语从句主要有三类: 由连词that引导的主语从句. 例如:That you will win the medal seems unlikely. 你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的. 用连接代词which或连接副词if, whether 引导的主语从句. 例如: Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery. 他们哪一个是从监狱里逃跑的,仍然是个谜. When they will come hasn’t been made pubic. 他们什么时候来还不知道. Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much. 她来不来都无关紧要. 用关系代词(what,whatever,who,whoerver)引导的主语从句. 主语从句可以直接放在主语位置上,也可以用it作形式主语, 而将从句放在句末(尤其是当谓语较短时). 当what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西”时,一般不用it作形式主语. 错:It is a book what he wants. 对:What he wants is a book. 他想要的是本书. 如果带主语从句的句子是疑问式,则必须用it作形式主语的结构. 例如:Has it been settled who will be sent to carry out the task ? 谁将被派去执行这项任务决定了吗 ? 固定用法:It is +名词+从句;It is +形容词+从句;It is +过去分词+从句;It +不及物动词+从句(当“及物动词 + 宾语”较短时,也可用这种结构);It +某些固定结构+ 主语从句. 同位语从句 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容.如: I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息. 可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等. 英语中引导同位语从句的词有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等.(注:if,which 不能引导同位语从句.)如:I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开.如:The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了. 这是我教学中总结的,学生们反映还不错,有什么不明白的再问我.
英语从句句型结构
从句,即从属子句,是复句中具有分属地位的分句,它是一种绝大部分语言都有的语法结构。在现代汉语的语法中,“从句”不作为专业术语被使用。在现代英语的语法中,从句指复合句中不能独立成句,但具有主语部分和谓语部分,由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、whether、which等引导词(Connective)引导的非主句部分。
1.主语从句
1)主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有:
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.宾语从句
1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中,如果谓语是否定的,一般将否定词移至主句谓语上,宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外,还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句,不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于of which;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
5.定语从句
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词,也可修饰整个主句,起补充说明作用,与主句之间有逗号隔开,若省去,原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配,或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中,代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时,代替整个主句,从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
一、概说
状语从句即指在主从复合句用作状语的从句。按照其意义,状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句等。状语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点,也是历年高考重点考查的内容之一。学习状语从句主要应注意引导状语从句的从属连词的用法与区别,以及从属连词在一定的语言环境中的意义与用法。
二、时间状语从句
1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多,常见的有before,after,when,while,as,since,till,until,assoonas等。
2.表示“当…时候”的while,when,as的用法区别是:while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能用when;当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时,只能用as。另外,用于此义的as所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,不能是状态动词。如下面一道高考题的答案是B而不能是A:
“I’mgoingtothepostoffice.”“_____you’rethere,canyougetmesomestamps?”
A.As B.While C.Because D.If
3.until在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词,表示相应动作结束的时间;在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词,表示相应动作开始的时间,意为“直到…才”。如:
Hewaiteduntilshewasabouttoleave.他等着一直到她准备离开。
Ididnotbegintoworktillhehadgone.他走了后我才开始工作。
4.表示“一…就”除用assoonas外,还可用theminute,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,nosooner…than,hardly…when等。如:
Icameimmediatelyyoucalled.你一来电话我就来了。
Hardlyhadshearrivedwhenitbegantosnow.她刚到就下起雪来了。
ThemomentIhavefinishedI'llgiveyouacall.我一干完就给你打电话。
5.everytime,eachtime,(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime,bythetime,thefirsttime,anytime等以time结尾的词语也可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。如:
Nexttimeyoucomein,pleaseclosethedoor.下次你进来,请关门。
Hedidn’ttellmeanythingthelasttimeIsawhim.上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。
BythetimeIgothome,shehadalreadygonetobed.我到家时她已睡觉了。
三、条件状语从句
1.引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if,unless,as[so]longas等。如:
Don’tcomeunlessItelephone.除非我打电话,否则你别来。
Ifyouwatchcarefullyyouwillseehowtodoit.如果你仔细瞧你会看出该怎样做。
Aslongasyoudoyourbest,we’llbehappy.只要你尽力,我们就满意了。
2.incase也可引导条件状语从句,其意为“如果”、“万一”。如:
IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit.如果我忘了,请提醒我。
四、让步状语从句
1.引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although,though,however(=nomatterhow),evenif(即使),whether…or(不论…还是)等连词。如:
Thespeechisgood,thoughitcouldbebetter.这次演讲不错,虽然还可以再好一点。
Hewentouteventhoughitwasraining.尽管下雨,他还是出去了。
2.as也可引导让步状语从句,但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到as前,若提前的是单数可数名词,要省略a/an。如:
Teacherasheis,hecan’tknoweverything.虽然是老师,他也不可能什么都懂。
3.连词while有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”,引导让步状语从句。如:
Whilewedon’tagreewecontinuetobefriends.尽管我们意见不同,我们还是朋友。
4.whatever,whoever,however,whenever,wherever等引导让步状语从句。如:
Don’tloseheartwhateveryoudo.不管你做什么,都不要灰心。
Whoeveryouare,youcan’tpassthisway.不管你是谁,你都不能从这里通过。
注:表示“虽然”的though,although不可与but连用,但可与yet,still连用。
五、原因状语从句
1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because,as,since,seeing(that),now(that)等:
Theycan’thavegoneoutbecausethelight’son.他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。
Sinceyouaregoing,Iwillgo.既然你去,我也去。
Nowthatwearealone,wecanspeakfreely.现在我们单独在一起,可以随便谈了。
2.除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外,when有时也可引导原因状语从句,其意“既然”。如:
Ican’ttellyouwhenyouwon'tlisten.既然你不想听,我就不告诉你了。
3.有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点:
(1)as与since,nowthat一样表示双方都知道的原因,通常位于主句前,且均不可用于强调结构被强调。
(2)当表示直接的因果关系,回答why时,或有only,just,all,partly,not,but等副词修饰时,或用在强调结构中都只能用because。
(3)for有时也可引出表示原因的分句,但它只能位于后面,对前一分句加以解释或推断。
(4)不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的so连用。
六、地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where(在…的地方),wherever(无论什么地方),everywhere(每个…地方),anywhere(任何…地方)。如:
I’mnotlivingwhereIwas.我不在原处住了。
Youcan’tcampwhere[wherever,anywhere]youlikethesedays.如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。
EverywhereIgo,Ifindthesamething.不管我走到哪里,我都发现同样情况。
2.有的同学认为地点状语从句在平时见得不多,误认为考试不会涉及,但恰恰相反,地点状语从句却是英语考试经常考查的一个知识点。请看以下考题:
(1)Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark_____youhaveanyquestions.
A.atwhich B.atwhere C.theplacewhere D.where
(2)Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputup_____therehadoncebeenatheatre.
A.that B.where C.which D.when
(3)Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethings_____youcanfindthemagain.
A.when B.where C.then D.there
(4)Shefoundhercalculator______shelostit.
A.where B.when C.inwhich D.that
以上四题均选where,其意为“在…的地方”,用以引导地点状语从句。
七、目的状语从句
1.引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有inorderthat,sothat,incase,forfear等。如:
IhiredaboatsothatIcouldgofishing.我租了一条船去钓鱼。
Takeyourcoatincaseitrains(shouldrain).带着雨衣以防下雨。
Hestudiedhardinorderthathecouldpasstheexam.他努力学习,是为了能通过考试。
2.引导目的状语从句的sothat有时可省so或that,即单独用so或that来引导目的状语从句。如:
Checkcarefully,soanymistakewillbecaught.仔细检查,以便任何错误都可检查出。
BringitcloserthatImightseeitbetter.拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。
八、结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有sothat,so…that,such…that等。如:
Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tspeak.他气得话都说不出来。
Heshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.他关窗子用力很大,结果玻璃震破了。
注:so…that和such…that中的that有时(尤其在口语中)可省略。
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。即:连接代词/副词+陈述句语序。例句如下:
1、I don’t know what they are looking for.
2、Could you tell me when the train will leave?
3、Can you imagine what kind of man he is?
宾语从句特点:
1、宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
2、宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
3、连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成分,口语中一般可以省略。
4、whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句,但 whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。当if/whether引导宾语从句时,在从句中不做任何成分,但有具体的含义,意为“是否”。if/whether不能省略。
英语从句句子结构
复合谓语:情态动词+不定式 主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
呵呵 在以后这样的问题 你直接百度一下 就会有很多的答案的。答案好求,机遇难求。 目前比较流行的学习方式是:网络实时视频学习方式 我个人认为现在的网络占据了咱们的生活,随着科技的发展,网络当然也是人们领头者之一,现在大家比较公认的学习方式就是网络实体视频教学,(一)学生与老师不出户,学生就可以选择顶级的老师讲课(与老师网络面对面视频教学),如果觉得他的讲课方式不好,那你可以随时更换老师。我觉得这是培训机构永远也做不到的抉择。(二)最重要的是网络上有很多免费课程,免费的英语角,免费的视频资源等等,都是很好的练习口语的选择。目前我知道的网络就是梧桐教育网。(三)还可以免费当老师,自己发布课程,讲课时间,讲课费用,都是老师和培训机构自己定的。真是绝无仅有呀。I Like it.希望我的回答能得到您的肯定。也能帮助到你。祝你学习成功 呵呵
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。 顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。 Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。 一般可分为两类: 1),简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。 可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。 Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。 2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式 Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。 3、表语 表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。 Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。 4、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。 WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。 Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如: Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。 5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。 Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。 但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。 Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。 6、状语 修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。 从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的, 但是它不能视为独立的句子,因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组.例如: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at movies as well . (状语从句)许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话,所以他们认为在电影院也可以如此。 2) Whether he comes or not doesn't make any difference to me . (主语从句) 他来与不来对我都一样。 3)There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured(宾语从句)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧。 4) China is not what it used to be . (表语从句)中国不是它过去的样子了。 5) Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals ? (同位语从句)有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品? 6) Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their government . (定语从句) 税款是人们支持政府而交的钱。 如果将上面的复合句中所有的从句都独立出来,那将是这样的: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on 2) Whether he comes or not 3) what money is and how money is measured 4) what it used to be 5) that the food of plant differs from that of animals 6) that people pay to support their government 我们很容易看出,上面的所有这些句子既不是陈述句、疑问句,也不是祁使句,更不是感叹句。也就是说,它们不是独立的句子;也只有在附属于主句后才能获得意义如下:1)因为许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话 2)他来与不来 3)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币 4)它过去的样子5)植物性食品不同于动物性食品6)人们支持政府而交的上面的这些句子在我们中文里如同是人们常说的"半截话";在英文中也就是个"词或词组"了。 B. 我们虽然说过,从句自身的句子结构基本是完整的,但是它不同于"独立句子"的是--每个从句的最前面都好象"戴了顶帽子"即:从属关系词。由此可以看出,从句的另一个特点是:从属关系词总是立于从句之首. C. 从句的再一个特点是:一般说来(除少数倒装的情况外),从句中的语序应该是正常语序。 D. 关于从句种类的划分有两种方法:按从句的词性划分和按从句的句子功能划分。如果按从句的词性划分,从句可分为三种:名词从句、形容词从句和副词从句。如果按从句的句子功能划分(也就是按从句在句子中所担任的成分来划分),从句可分为:主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。其实,这两种划分从句的方法在逻辑上是一致的.我们知道,能在句子里充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语的往往是名词、代词等,所以名词从句涵盖了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。形容词和副词常分别在句中担当定语和状语,所以,形容词从句和副词从句其实分别是定语从句和状语从句。 名词从句名词从句在句中是一个相当于名词的主谓结构。我们在前面说过,名词从句含盖了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。连接这些从句与主句的关系词主要有三类: 1.从属连词:that(无有词义) , whether(是否) ,if (是否) 2.关系代词:who(谁,主格) , whom(谁,宾格),whose谁的,所有格) , what(什么),which(哪个,哪些) 3.关系副词:when(什么时候) where(什么地方)why(为什么) , how(怎样) 名词从句中的从属连词在从句里不担任任何成分,只起连接的作用;而关系代词和关系副词不仅仅是起连接的作用,而且还在从句里担任一定的成分;关系代词常在从句中担任主语、宾语或表语等成分;关系副词常在从句中担任状语。另外,在使用上面的这些关系词时,有几个问题值得我们注意:首先,只能用whether而不能用if的情况. 1)引导主语从句,例如: Whether we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(正确)我们是否要为这个项目还没有定下来。 OR: It has not been decided whether we'll make a loan for the project . (正确) If we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(错误) OR: It has not been decided if we'll make a loan for the project . (错误) 2)作介词的宾语,例如: I have no idea about whether I can raise the money for buying a car . (正确)我不知道我是否能为买车筹措到资金。 I have no idea about if I can raise the money for buying a car . (错误) 3)后接不定式 ,例如: He didn't know whether to go all himself first or wait for her here.(正确)他不知道是他自己先去还是在这儿等她。 He didn't know if to go all himself or wait for her here . (错误) 4)后接or not ,例如: We wonder whether they'll come in time or not.(正确) 我们担心他们会不会准时到。 We wonder if they'll come in time or not . (错误)其次,what引导的名词从句表达的意思是"……所……的"。这个"所怎么的"定义根据"从句谓语的动作意义"而定。例如: I don't understand what you said.我不理解你所说的话。 What he needs is to practice more.他所需要的是勤于练习。 Money is what she is really after.金钱是她所真正追求的东西。 People have different ideas about what happiness means . 人们对于幸福的含义有不同见解。最后,要了解 -ever = no matter ,用于表示强调,意为"无论……"。也就是说: whatever = no matter what(无论什么) whoever = no matter who(无论谁) whichever = no matter which(无论那个) whenever =no matter when (无论何时) wherever = no matter where(无论何地) however = no matter how (无论怎样) A 主语从句用作主语的主谓结构称之为主语从句。例如: Whether he'll come or not remains a question . 他是否会来依然是一个问题。 Whoever says that is not allowed .无论谁这样说都是不允许的。 That she reads English aloud every morning helps her a lot in the improvement of her English study . 她每天早晨朗读英文对提高她的英语学习起了很大的作用。 要点提示在使用主语从句中,有几个问题值得我们注意: 1)尽管主从连词that在主语从句中没有任何意义,但一般不能省略。 That there is no elevator in the building is the critical inconvenience .这幢楼里没有电梯是极大的不便之处。 It is necessary (that) he have his further study incollege.(当主语从句在后面时,连词that可以省去)他在大学进一步深造是完全必要的。 2)为了保持句子平衡或在正式文体中,常用先行It代替主语从句而将主语从句置于句末。 It remains a question Whether he'll come or not . 他是否会来,依然是一个问题。 It is not allowed Whoever says that. 无论谁这样说都是不允许的。 3)在It + be +形容词/ 名词 + that从句的结构中,由于某些形容词/ 名词的原因,that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式。这类形容词/ 名词常见的有: essential(绝对必要的), important(重要的), advisable(明智的), desirable(希望能够的), imperative(必须的), natural(自然的), necessary必要的), regretful(遗憾的), strange(奇怪的), proper(适当的), urgent(紧急的), duty(义务、责任), a pity (遗憾), no wonder(难怪), a regret(遗憾)。例如: It is strange that he ( should ) say so . 他居然会这样说,真是奇怪。 It is a great pity that you ( should ) think so . 他居然会这样想,真是一件憾事。 It is natural that a bird ( should ) rest in trees . 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。 It is a wonder that he should have passed the exam. 他这次考试居然会及格,真是个奇迹。 4)以what引导的主语从句常用于句首表示强调。 What they need now is financial aid . 他们现在所需要的是经济援助。 What she thinks of me doesn't mean much to me . 她怎么样看我,对我来说无所谓。 What you have said hurt her a lot .你所说的话对她伤害很大。 B 宾语从句用作谓语动词、介词以及非谓语动词形式的宾语的主谓结构称之为宾语从句。也就是说,只要是用一个主谓结构去充当宾语,那么这个主谓结构就称为宾语从句。 例如: I believe that he will find a job in that publisher .(作谓语动词的宾语)我相信,他一定会在那家出版社找到工作。 He laughed at what they said . (作介词的宾语)她对他们说的话,一笑置之。 要点提示在使用宾语从句中,有几个问题值得我们注意: 1)宾语从句与主句的时态一致性问题这种一致性的要求,只有当主句的谓语动词用于"过去时区"的时候才存在。凡是在"过去时区"内的各种不同时态都在其中。另外,这种一致性只要求宾语从句的谓语动词也用于"过去时区"即可,至于用什么样具体的时态就要依从句的需要而定了。 He had told me that he would join the club sometime . 他曾经告诉我说,他会在某个时候参加俱乐部的。 I remembered that I had met him somewhere . 我记得我曾在哪儿见过他。 She thought that she would have finished what she was doing by the end of the month . 她认为在那个月底她将完成她手头上做的事。 2)if引导的宾语从句不能作介词的宾语,而只有用whether引导才行。这一点在上面刚刚讲过.(略) 3)某些动词后面,宾语从句的谓语要求用虚拟式。这一点已在"虚拟语气"一章中讨论过了,本章只作简单的复习。这类要求宾语从句的谓语用虚拟式的动词,常见的有:command(命令), demand(要求), desire(希望), insist(坚持), order(命令), propose(提议), recommend(推荐), request(要求), require(要求), suggest(建议),等。例如: He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan . 他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限。 C 表语从句在句子中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。它常位于句中联系动词或是起联系动词作用的动词之后.例如: The problem is where we can hold our meeting . 问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。 It seems that everything goes smoothly .似乎一切都进行得很顺利。 The cause is that the temperature of water is lower that needed . 其原因是水的温度低于所需要的温度。 That is what he really wants .那就是他真想要的东西。 D 同位语从句同位语从句就是在句子中担当同位语的主谓结构.在使用同位语从句时要特别注意:尽管主从连词that在同位语从句中没有任何意义,但却不能省略。另外,同位语从句常用于下面这些名词的后面(其中,斜体字的名词后面所接的同位语从句中要用虚拟语气): fact(事实), fear(担心、害怕), belief(信念,意见), evidence(证据), hope(希望), idea(想法) news(新闻), doubt(怀疑), suggestion(建议), motion(动议), proposal(提议), order(命令), recommendation(推荐),等等。例如: There is the news that an American delegation will arrive in Beijing tomorrow afternoon . 有消息说一个美国代表团将于明天下午抵达北京。 Is there any proof that the food of the plant differs from that of animals ? 是否有任何证据可以说明植物性的食物不同于动物性的食物呢? We all know the fact that organization helps memorization. 我们都知道这样一个事实:把要记忆的材料组织起来有助于记忆。 What do you think of his proposal that we ( should ) put on a play at the English evening ? 他建议我们在英语晚会上演一个剧,你觉得怎么样? 发哥 回答采纳率:17.0% 2009-11-14 01:23 句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。 1)主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首。如: Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends.(我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语。 2)谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。如: Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends. (我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语。 3)宾语:表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如: They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。) I play with him. (我和他一起玩。) 这两句话中单词teachers是名词,单词him是带词,它们在句中作宾语。 4)定语:是用来说明或者限制名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如: This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.) He is a tall boy.(他是个高个子男孩。) 这两句话中单词red和 tall都是形容词,它们作定语。 5)状语是用来说明动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前,也可以放在动词之后;修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如: The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。) I often write to him. (我常给他写信。) The bag is too heavy. (这个书包太重了。) 这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词,第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词,它们都作状语。 6)表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如:This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。) 通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语,谓语前的成分是状语,时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下: (定语) 主语 (状语) 谓语 (定语) 宾语 (状语) 如:(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo. (The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday