考研英语二2012text1答案

英语二2012text1

I. 翻译的原则：准确、通顺、完整 Ⅱ.翻译步骤： 逐字翻译 词语调整（词本无意，意由境生） 顺序调整 Ⅲ.长难句翻译“三步法” 拆：连词、关系词、标点符 译： 合：按意思逐层组合成理解通顺的汉语译文 我买了好几套真题卷，每套的翻译参考答案都有些不同，这再次说明像翻译这样的主观题没有标答。我们写真题时只要抓住准确、通顺的原则就好。用“信、达、雅”的标准看只需要做到信（忠实原文）、达（通顺，即符合汉语表达习惯）。 为了做到准确完整，可以先逐字翻译（就是原文字字对译） 为了做到通顺，根据全文语篇来词语调整、顺序调整。 翻译课上大家学的句子分析，有两个目的：1.为了看懂的意思（这一点我们考英语二的同学不用害怕，150词的小短文中真正很难的复杂句最多就1-2句）2.知道如何来语序调整，比如大家常说的定语从句前置、后置，被动语态进行不要出现“被”字。 看书听课了解这些常见的翻译处理方法只是第一步有awareness，最后还要落实到“亲自动手写”上，不然容易漏掉很多细节。 2012年真题 ①When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. ②These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates. ③Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing counting are particularly likely to emigrants. ④A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. ⑤This "brain drain" has long bothered policymakers in poor counties. ⑥They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospital and come up with clever new product for their factories to make. 逐字翻译： ①当人们在发展中国家担心移民的时候，他们通常担心的是这个前景 他们最好的和前途最光明的离开去硅谷或医院和大学在发达国家。 ②这些是这种工人 国家像英国、加拿大和澳大利亚试图吸引 通过使用移民规定 给予特权大学毕业生。 ③许多研究表明受过良好教育的人来自发展中国家尤其有可能移民。 ④一个大型调查 印度家庭 在2004年表明接近40%的移民有多于一个高中教育，相比较 大约3.3%的全部印度人 超过25岁。 ⑤这种“人才流失”已经长期困扰政策制定者在贫穷国家。 ⑥他们担心 它会伤害他们的经济，使他们失去急需的熟练工人 谁本能够教书在他们的大学、工作在医院并提出聪明的新产品为了他们的工厂来生产。 词语、顺序调整： ①发展中国家的人们担心移民（问题）时，他们通常担心的是这种情形：他们（国家）最好的和最有前途的（人才）会离开去硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学。 ②这些人正是英国、加拿大和澳大利等国家试图通过使用移民条例来吸引的一类人才，这些移民条例可以给予大学毕业生优惠对待。 ③许多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人尤其可能移民。 ④在2004年一项关于印度家庭的大型调查表明，接近40%的移民受过高中以上的教育，然而相比之下，25岁以上的印度人中受过高中以上教育的大约为3.3%。 ⑤这种“人才流失”（现象）已经长期困扰着贫穷国家的决策者。 ⑥他们担心这会伤害他们（国家）的经济，使他们失去急需的熟练工人，而这些人本可以在他们的大学任教、医院工作或者研发出新的智能产品以供工厂生产。 参考答案1： ①当发展中国家的人们担心移民问题时，他们通常忧虑的是自己国家最优秀、最聪明的人才可能移民到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学这样的地方工作。 ②这类工作者正是英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国家想要通过对大学毕业生提供优惠的移民条例来吸引的人才。 ③许多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人尤其可能移民。 ④2004年对印度家庭的一项大规模调查表明，将近40%移居国外的人受过高中以上教育，而与之形成对比的是：全印度25岁以上受过高中以上教育的人约为3.3%。 ⑤这种“人才流失”现象长期困扰着贫困国家的决策者。 ⑥他们担心这会损害本国经济，使他们失去急需的熟练劳动者，这些人本可以留在国内在大学任教、在医院工作或设计新奇产品供工厂生产。 参考答案2： 当发展中国家的人们担心移民问题时，他们通常担忧的是本国最优秀、最有前途的人会不会前往硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学发展。 这些人正是英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国试图通道优待大学毕生的移民规定来吸引的人才。 许多研究发现，发展中国家受过良好教育的人移民的可能性尤其大。 2004年，一项针对印度家庭的大规模调查发现，近40%的移民接受过高中以上的教育，而与之形成对比的是，25岁以上受过高中以上教育的印度人的比例约为3.3%。 这种“人才流失”现象一直困扰着贫穷国家的决策者们。 他们担心这会损害本国经济，使他们失去大量急需的技术工人，这些人才本可以在国内的大学教书，在国内的医院工作，或为本国工厂研发新的智能产品。 复习单词： 1.migration n.移民—migrate，migrant；immigrate；emigrate 2.privilege v.给予特权 3.drain v.排水 n.排水管；brain ~人才流失 4.deprive v.剥夺，使失去 ；~ sb of sth 5.be concerned at担忧，担心 6.the prospect of... 什么的可能性

考研英语二2012text1答案

2012年01月08日 09时54分，《英语网:2012年考研英语二答案[1]》由英语我整理. left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes。 Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。 In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the . was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend。 saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,)the author suggest that the jobless try to___。 [A]seek subsidies from the govemment [B]explore reasons for the unermployment [C]make profits from the troubled economy [D]look on the bright side of the recession to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____。 [A]realize the national dream [B]struggle against each other [C]challenge their lifestyle [D]reconsider their lifestyle Friedman believe that economic recessions m

2022扫描书籍PDF讲义

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2022扫描书籍PDF讲义

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Section I Use of English 　　1.【答案】B 　　【解析】从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。只有serve有“服兵役”的意思，所以选B。其他都不符合题意。 　　2.【答案】B 　　【解析】空内信息应该是与hero“英雄”意思相对，后面的分句说他背井离乡，经历了很多苦难，显然这里应该是说由普通人平凡人(common man)成长为英雄，所以选B。 　　3.【答案】A 　　【解析】本题考查的是词语的搭配关系，承担战争带来的负担，应该用动词bear或shoulder，所以这里选A，bore。 　　4.【答案】A 　　【解析】necessities表示“生活必需品”，空外信息food和shelter(食物和住宿)这些就是维持生存最起码的条件。Facilities是设备设施，commodities商品，properties财产，均不符合题意。 　　5.【答案】C 　　【解析】not…but，“不是，而是”表转折，不是自愿兵，也没有高的报酬，而是一个普通人。所以选C。 　　6.【答案】D 　　【解析】这道题主要考查介词的搭配。根据up______(the best trained, bestequipped, fiercest, most brutal).enemies可以知道是起来反抗敌人，所以选D选项against。 　　7.【答案】C 　　【解析】GI。在军事上是Government Issue 的缩略语，所以，GL。这个符号就是象征着这个全称Government Issue。选C。 　　8.【答案】A 　　【解析】该句意思为，GI。这个符号出现在给士兵分发的所有物品上，hand out “分发，发放”符合题意。Turn over “移交”，bring back“带回”，pass down“传承，一代一代传下来”在句意上都说不通。 　　9.【答案】C 　　【解析】空所在句子的语境为：Joe是个普通名词，一个从未爬到社会顶层的人的名字。Manage表示再怎么经过努力，最终也未获得成功，所以选C。 　　10.【答案】B 　　【解析】结合第9题的分析可知，空所在句子实际上是进一步举例说明Joe没有取得大的成就：从来都不曾出现叫做Joe的总统、副总统、国务卿。根据句意只能选never，B。 　　11.【答案】D 　　【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在的语境为：GI .Joe有_ _ 的军旅生涯，曾和德国，美国以及韩国的军队作战。由此语境确定选D，其他几项均不符合题意。 　　12.【答案】B 　　【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在语境为：他身上体现着美国人的某些特色，或身上结合了美国人的诸多特性。结合语境，可知作者想表达在他身上有很多美国人的典型特色，因而选B。 　　13.【答案】C 　　【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在语境为：Pyle _ _ 的士兵也本色出演了该片。结合上句对Ernie Pyle的介绍，可知为一战地记者(warcorrespondent)，确定答案C。 　　14.【答案】D 　　【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。 空所在语境为：Pyle擅长报导战争的_ _面，报导这些浑身是尘土，积雪以及泥浆的士兵。Pyle报导重在士兵而非战争上，因而可确定他关注的应更多的是人性。所以选D。 　　15.【答案】D 　　【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。本题承接上题， 表达： Pyle并不关注士兵行军多少里，或是占领或解放了多少地方。Gain有推进(一段)距离的意思，故选D。 　　16.【答案】A 　　【解析】本题考察词汇辨析。空所在语境为：他的报导与Bill Maulden的是_____的。紧接的一句话揭示了本题的答案，两者都(Both men)。由此可确定两人的报导应是类似的。因而，选A。“counteracted”表示“抵制，中和，对抗 ”，duplicated表示“ 复制，重复”，“ contradicted”表示“反驳，与 ... 矛盾”。 　　17.【答案】C 　　【解析】本题考察逻辑搭配。空所在语境为：两者都_ 战争的丑恶，以及所带来的损耗。”由上题可知道，Pyle更加注重战争中的士兵，因而他不可能是忽略(neglected)，避免(avoided)或是钦佩(admired)战争所带来的这一些负面的东西，因而本题选C。 　　18.【答案】B 　　【解析】本题由冒号后多表达的咖啡，香烟，威士忌，住的地方，还睡觉的地方，有好的觉可以睡与前面所说的前面dirt, exhaustion of war形成鲜明的对比。故选B 　　19.【答案】B 　　【解析】本题考察介词的用法。空所在语境为：_ _ 印度，法国，以及其他国家，. Joe可以是任何美国士兵。结合文章表达，应是对于这些人而言。因而，确定答案B。 　　20.【答案】D 　　【解析】本题考察逻辑搭配。空所在语境为：. Joe是他们生命中最重要的人。原题四个选项分别表示on the contrary“ 正相反”； [B] by thismeans“用这种方式”；[C]fromthe outset“从一开始”；[D]atthat point表示“就那点(方面)来说”。D为答案。 　　Section II 　　Reading Comprehension 　　Part A 　　Text 1 　　21.【答案】A 　　【解析】文章首段首句指出“家庭作业一直不受学生，还有许多家长的欢迎，特别是到了最近几年，家庭作业还遭到了人们的不屑。”后面的内容则是简单提出美国各学区对于家庭作业的作为，引出针对家庭作业所指定的政策。该题题干问的是“根据文章首段，目前家庭作业…”，关键词是家庭作业，因此答案从首句就能判断出来，题干的nowadays对应原文中的in recent years， 所选答案则是对“it has been particularlyscorned。”的同义改写，故答案选A。 　　22.【答案】C 　　【解析】文章第二段首句明确说到“这项政策的制定是为了解决贫困家庭的学生在完成家庭作业中可能遇到的困难。”这与题干所问“制定该政策的主要原因”以及“贫困学生”就对应起来了，故答案选C。 　　23.【答案】A 　　【解析】文章第三段第二句指出，“如果家庭作业仅占分值的10%，学生很容易少做一半的家庭作业，在他们的成绩单上也不会有什么差别。”“家庭作业仅占分值10%”这是 制定出的家庭作业政策的内容，因此，从这句话可以看出有了这项政策，既然成绩单上不会有区别，学生就会选择少做一半的家庭作业，这个意思对应选项为A。 24.【答案】B 　　【解析】题干关键词“a key question unanswered ”对应第四段的首句“the policy addresses none of thetruly thorny questions about homework。”而这个问题的具体内容则是从“if”开始说明，因此这道题要解出正确答案，需要对后面的内容进行分析，“如果学区认为家庭作业对应学生的学业不重要，学区应致力于减少或者删除家庭作业，使家庭作业不起任何作用；相反，如果家庭作业重要，它应该在学业中占重要的一部分。”从这两句的内容中，我们可以简单归纳出，所指定的这项政策到目前为止还未对家庭作业对于学生学业是否有重要作用给出确定答案，故答案选B。 　　25.【答案】D 　　【解析】这篇文章开篇指出家庭作业的弊病，随即提出美国各学区对此做出的努力，以所指定的政策为例，说明这项政策在各方面的作为，如第三段末尾说“The policy imposes aflat, across-the-board rule”，第四段首句说“这项政策并未解决任何关于家庭作业的棘手问题”，看出作者对于这项政策实际是持否定态度的，因此答案B可以排除；而C选项说的是“关于家庭作业的棘手问题”，文章中虽然提到这个“棘手问题”，但并非主要阐述，最终落脚点还是在关于家庭作业的政策上面，因此C选项排除；A选项的错误在于“错误解读”，文章是对政策进行客观解读，错误的是政策本身，而非解读。D选项考生可能不选的原因在于对“approach”一词的内涵意义不够理解，approach一词本意是接近，靠近，方法，它引申出来就是策略的意思，与文章中的policy内涵一致，故答案D为正确选项。 　　Text 2 　　26.【答案】A 　　【解析】题干的意思是“通过说‘粉色是彩虹中多么微小的一小部分’，作者的意思是 。根据文章第一段第三行，but作为连词表示后面的内容是对前面内容的否定，but之前的意思是说“粉色本身并不是不好”，而后买面的“such a tiny slice of”是指“是彩虹中多么微小的一部分”，由此可以得出，粉色并不代表女孩童年生活的全部。所以，选A。 　　27.【答案】B 　　【解析】题干是要根据文章第二段，判断哪个是对颜色理解正确的选项。根据文章第二段第一句话，前半部分是说“女孩对于粉色的关注看起来好像是不可避免的，不知怎么的，就跟存在与她们的基因里一样”，but之后是对前者的否定，所以很明显，A项是错误的。根据第二段的第7行，pink was actuallyconsidered the more masculine colour,可以得出，C选项错误。对于D选项，根据第二段第4、5行，可以得知，儿童穿白色是属于以前的情况，并非现在的事实，而D选项的时态是指一般现在时，时态不符合。根据文章8行，9行，可以得知，blue symbolisedfemininity,可以得知，蓝色曾经被认为是女孩子的颜色，符合文章题意。所以，选B。 　　28.【答案】A 　　【解析】题干“作者认为我们对于儿童心理发展的看法，多受____的影响。”从原文第三段的首句“我之前没有意识到，我们对孩子们所固有特性的认知深受市场趋势的支配，包括我们对他们心理发展的核心看法”，这一句可以明显看出相关儿童市场及其产品在左右人们对二年同心理发展的看法上所起的重要作用。而B、C、D均曲解了原文的意思，故本题正确答案为A 　　29.【答案】C 　　【解析】题干“从第4段我们可以看出，给出商店的建议是＿＿＿” 选项A“关注婴儿和稍大一些的孩子的衣服”，回顾原文，第4段第1句话讲的是“为了增加销路，厂家应该开创在婴儿衣服和稍大一些的孩子衣服之前的一些商机”，而并没说是要“关注两者的衣服”，故A错误；B“把不同性别放在同等重要的地位”，此说法原文中并未提及，原文第4段只是在最后一句说道“分割市场最简便的方法之一就是来扩大性别之间的差异性”，故B错误；D“创造一些购买者的术语”，作者只是举出了一个“购买术语”的例子，但这不是作者的建议，真正是的建议是C，故C为正确答案。 　　30.【答案】C 　　【解析】题干“我们能推断出，女孩们对粉色的着迷看起来是＿＿＿”文章最后两段都在探讨市场和厂家对人们看法和观念的诱导，因此C选项正合题意，其他选项都不正确。 　　Text 3 　　31.【答案】C 　　【解析】文章首段首句提到“In2010, a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core。”，即2010年，联邦的一项决定震惊了美国的生物科技产业。 后面接着提到，这项决定是“genes wereunpatentable”，意思是与基因相关的项目不能够获得专利权，而“executives were violently agitated”，由agitated(愤怒的)可以推断出正确答案为C，即生物科技产业希望与基因相关的项目能够获得专利权。 　　32.【答案】C 　　【解析】文章第三段提到了反对基因相关的项目能够获得专利权的三个理由。第一个是，基因是自然的产品；第二个是，基因获得专利会压制创新；第三个是，基因专利的垄断会限制基因测试。故正确答案为C，即反对者们会认为与基因相关的专利应该更多的依赖于创新。答案A文中没有提及，答案D与反对者的第二个理由相一致，答案B属于过渡推断。 　　33.【答案】A 　　【解析】文章第五段中提到“Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations thatmight be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficacy”，即各大公司目前正在研究基因之间的相互作用，寻找它们之间的相关性，从而通过这些相关性推断疾病产生的原因或预测药物的有效性。而Hans Sauer解释到各大公司渴望赢得专利权的原因是“connecting the dots”，这与上句话提到的“疾病之间的相互作用和相互联系”相呼应，故而选A。答案B属于偷换概念；答案C和D在文中没有提到。 　　34.【答案】C 　　【解析】文章最后一段提到了BIO最近要召开的一个会议。“Each meeting was packed”，这句话中的“packed”的原义为“打包，包装”，而在此句中的意思是：挤满，塞满。即会议挤满了人，从而反映了大家对基因专利的关注，故真确答案为C。答案A与题干无关；答案B属于主观臆断；答案D是干扰项，训练律师只是这次大会的一部分内容，以偏概全。 　　35.【答案】D 　　【解析】从整体上看，作者不仅提到了希望获得基因专利全的生物科技产业为此所作出的努力，同时也提到了反对者反对的理由，文章第四段进一步提到了基因获得专利过程中遇到的实际问题。故而，作者多基因专业的态度是客观的，即答案D。 　　Text 4 　　36.【答案】D 　　【解析】题目定位在段首句。所以应该是整段意思的概括。第二句说，失业虽然很痛苦，但也从很多方面带来好处。冒号后面具体说他们从观念上，生活方式上发生了改变。所以选择D。A、B均为无关选项，C选项中说makeprofit,是侧重指获得经济利益，所以与原文不符。 　37.【答案】D 　　【解析】第二句冒号后面：他们不再那么追求物质，经济上更节俭；同时意识到其他人在努力奋斗，即D选项中reconsidertheir lifestyle,重新审视他们的生活方式。A项有干扰性，但文中说“将我们从梦想中唤醒”，所以不对。B、C没有提到。 　　38.【答案】B 　　【解析】定位在第三段第二句开始。 接下来一句通过关键词mean-spiritedand less inclusive ，B选项正是该句的改写，故为正确答案；A属于过度推理；C、D意思明显弄反了 　　39.【答案】D 　　【解析】定位在第四段第三句冒号后面：高等学府的毕业生能够很快调整自身，达到未遭遇危机时的状态。D选项与之含义相符。C明显不对，“notall people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed”表明，不是所有的毕业生都认为前途渺茫。B项无中生有。A与原文相反。 　　40.【答案】A 　　【解析】由最后一句可知，“they certainly will reshape it”表示困难时期的一定会对社会产生影响的，所以certain与之相符。由最后一段无法看出是positive还是destructive,所以B、D均不正确。A项是“无足轻重的”，明显不对。 　　Part B 　　41.【答案】A 　　【解析】本题答案锁定在第三自然段，第二行讲到“Petrarchbegan...highlighting the virtue of classical heroes” 即彼特拉克在他的书中强调古典英雄的美德。答案A与此是完全对应的。 　　42.【答案】D 　　【解析】此题定位于第三自然段第五行，重点理解词组“turn on its head” ,意思为“to change sthcompletely”，所以说尼可洛，马基雅维利的观点与彼特拉克的观点是相反的，开启了了解历史伟人的新局面。 　　43.【答案】G 　　【解析】此题定位于第四自然段的第四行，“Self-help as acatalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers”， 塞缪尔·斯迈尔斯在他的书《成事在己》里面讲到了工程师，实业家，探险家的有意义的生活，G与此是对应的 　　44.【答案】C 　　【解析】此题定位于第五自然段第三行，“these epochal figuresrepresented lives hard to imitate”，托马斯，卡莱尔描述了一些穿越苦难的划时代的人物。C对应了此答案。 　　45.【答案】E 　　【解析】此题定位于第六自然段第五行，“history should be thestory of the masses and their record of struggle”，答案E与此句是完全对应的。 　　Section III Translation 　　46.【参考译文】发展中国家的人们为移民忧虑时，他们通常担忧的是离开自己国家去去硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学的秀、最聪明的群体的前景。这些劳动者正是像英国、加拿大、澳大利亚这样的国家通过赋予受过大学教育者以特权的移民法想要吸引的人群。 　　很多研究发现，来自发展中国家的那些受到良好教育的人们极有可能选择移居他国。2004年对印度家庭开展了一项广泛的调查，结果显示约40%的移民受过高中以上的教育。相比而言，在所有年龄超过25岁的印度人中，受过高中以上教育的人数比例只有约。“人才流失”一直困扰着贫穷国家的政策制定者们。他们担心这会对本国的经济造成损害，造成国家急需的技工的流失。这些技术人员可能曾在他们的大学教学，也可能曾在他们的医院工作，或者曾经构想出智能化的新产品让他们的工厂去生产。 　　【解析】今年翻译话题是贫穷国家的人才流失问题，话题内容比较好理解，从而在很大程度上降低了翻译的难度。但还是有几个地方有的同学可能会比较困惑。 　　1)文章第一句的主句需要我们去认真思考下。“they are usually concerned at the prospectof their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in thedeveloped world” 　　这句话中concern at 的宾语是prospect。看到“of”我们要立即想到“A of B”翻译为“B的A”在这里，A指的就是“prospect”，关键就是找出B指代的是什么。而这一点恰恰是本句理解的难点B指的是 “theirbest and brightest”翻译为 “他们中秀、最聪明的(群体)”。 　　2) 　　第一段第二句话关键在于对两个that引导的从句的理解。第一个that从句作定语修饰workers，第二个that作定语修饰rules。这里是考研英语中经常出现的一个考点：从句的嵌套。对于这样的句子我们的关键在于准确找到先行词，根据一个句子如果有N个连词就必定有N+1个动词的原则来切分开长句。 　　3)“brain drain” 这个词组是在报刊杂志中经常出现的，意思是“人才流失”。这个词语通过上下文逻辑应该能大概猜出它的意思，但是在考研考场上，尤其是在完成了阅读和作文后很多同学可能已经耗费了大量的体力和脑力，对于这个单词的猜测可能会很费力，甚至会放弃。这个说明我们再平时的学习过程中应该注意积累这样的热点词汇。 　　4)“They fear that ithurts their economies, deprivingthem of much-needed skilledworkers who” 　　对于这个句子的理解关键在于对于“depriving”之后成分在句子结构中作用的理解。Deprive本意是剥夺，在这里很显然不适合直译。我们根据逻辑关系可以翻译为“技工的流失”。“clever”这个单词很简单，同学们都认识，在这里翻译为“聪明的”很显然说不通，clever除了“聪明的”还有“精巧”之意，再结合这里说的是技术工人的重要性，我们可以翻译为“智能的” 　　Section IV Writing 　　47.小作文 　　【参考范文】 　　Dear Sir or Madam, 　　I am writing this letter to make acomplaint about the quality of the electronic dictionary I bought from yourstore the other day。 　　The reason for my dissatisfaction is that Ifound the electronic dictionary can’t reach my satisfaction. In the firstplace, the outlook is quite different from what it is placed online. Inaddition, the number of the vocabulary contained in it is too small. I’d liketo buy an electronic dictionary with a large vocabulary。 　　I appreciate it very much if you couldchange another satisfying one for me. And I would like to have this mattersettled by next Friday. Thank you for your consideration and I will be lookingforward to your favorable reply。 　　Yourssincerely, 　　Zhang Wei 　　48.大作文 　　【参考范文】 　　Here demonstrates a table with regard to thedegree of satisfaction on work of staff in a company ranging from threedifferent age groups, under 40, 40 to 50, and above 50 speaking, people in their forties are least satisfied with theirpresent work situation at the rate of . In comparison, people over 50 aremost satisfied with their current situation at . A noticeable figure isthat half the staff under the age of 40 have no idea about their conditions。 　　There prove to be a number of reasonsaccounting for it. First and foremost, it has something to do with thestructure of staff’s age, especially with their working and life experience inwhich they play a pivotal role. What is more, this social issue is likely to beintertwined with the organization of the company where they serve。 　　In line with my personal thinking, thereare two major factors that should be taken into account seriously. On one hand,the general people concerned should enhance their awareness in this respect. Whatis more, the relevant company should increase the benefits for their if these measures are adopted effectively can people work in peace andcontent and companies benefit most。

2012text1英语一

2012考研英语text1通常说会者不难，主要还是看自己根据对应难度和范围的内容准备得充分与否。要想学好英语首先就要煅炼好自己的听力。环境很重要，在平时选择多听，多看，比如多看些英语电影，多听些英语听力，提高听力。

2018年考研的时间也不多了，这时候拼的是爆发力，拼的是方法和效率，每个科目复习都要集中精力做更利与提分和决定成败的部分，在阅读理解上要抓住一些常考知识点和技巧就行了。以下是我推荐英语一阅读高频考点及一些解题技巧的知识，欢迎阅读!

一、as结构

regard…as…(2011)

call…as…(2011)

use…as…(2004)

consider…as…(2004)

treat…as…(2014)

portray…as…(2012)

view…as…

see…as…

look upon…as

treat…as…

think of…as…

二、否定词

2011 Q22 细节题---猜词 unpretentious-modest

2011 Q39 细节推理题---猜词 unrealistic-misleading

2012 Q26 词义题 reneging on-dishonoring

2012 Q40 态度题 but, bad-disapproval

2013 Q23词义题 indictment-accusation

2014 Q24 细节推理 hurting, terrifying, embarrassing, hard to get-uneasy

2015 Q27 态度题 discard-disapproval

三、特殊标点

2013 Q34 细节题 冒号

2012 Q24 细节推理题 冒号

2012Q 29 细节题 冒号

2011 Q36 观点题 冒号

2007 Q31 细节题 冒号

2012 Q36 推理题 分号

2013 Q25 主旨题 分号

2014 Q38 细节题 分号

阅读解题技巧

一、细节题

【解题方法】题干+选项精确定位法

【解题步骤】

1. 找题干关键词，精确定位到文章(题干的关键词一般会定位到文章的某句或者相连的两句中)

2. 将所选答案精确定位到文章

【例题】2012年Text1

22. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should _________.

[A] recruit professional advertisers

[B] learn from advertisers' experience

[C] stay away from commercial advertisers

[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements

The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. "Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

【解题步骤应用】

1 题干定位：段落的最后一句

Rosenberg--- Rosenberg

holds---argues

that---that

public-health advocates--- public-health advocates

should---ought to

因此，答案定位在take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

2 选项定位

答案[B] learn from advertisers' experience

learn from---take a page from 表"学习"。

experience---skilled 表示"有经验的，很娴熟的"。

二、推断题

【解题方法】找段落中心句

寻找段落中心句方法：

第一、逻辑上出现转承关系的句子(转折、因果、递进，即有therefore, thus, but, however, in short, all in all 等提示词的句子);

第二、有明确表示观点的路标指引词(think, believe, deny, acknowledge, insist, according to, claim…)

第三、含有情态动词的句子(should, must…)

第四、含有特殊标点的句子(冒号、破折号、引号、括号)

第五、特殊句型(疑问句、倒装句、强调句、省略句)

第六、平铺直叙段落中，注意首末句

【解题步骤】

1. 根据题干，寻找该段落中心句,

2. 正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写

【例题】2009年Text4

37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.

[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history

[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World

[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life

[D] were obsessed with religious innovations

To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.

【解题步骤应用】

1. 寻找段落中心句(转折处)

But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.

2. 正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写

答案[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World

New Englanders--- the original Puritans

brought with ---carriers

them---the original puritans

the culture---culture

old world---European

三、态度题

【解题方法】作者态度分类法

1. 在判断感情色彩时，应结合以下两点。

1)作者态度可以分为三大类：a. 正向态度：支持，乐观，赞同; b. 客观、中立、公正;c. 负向态度：反对、批评、怀疑

2)特别注意作者的态度一般与文章中心相联系。不要把自己的态度纳入其中，而且要注意区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度。

2. 匹配选项。匹配选项时应该注意：

1)有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项)：indifferent(漠不关心);subjective(主观的);biased(有偏见的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)。

2)一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly;completely;entirely。

3. 态度题的新趋势：

1)现在题目的考察不仅仅局限于作者的态度，也开始考察文章中某人的观点和态度，做题时特别应该注意看清楚题目考察的是谁对谁的态度。

2)选项可能不在是态度明确的肯定或者否定的词，而是改为带有程度限制的词语，带有如下词语的选项往往是正确的：guarded慎重的，qualified有条件的，tempered缓和的，因为带有保留态度的观点比较客观，一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly completely entirely

【解题步骤】

1.判断选项ABCD的态度正负向，将四个选项进行分类(正向，负向)

2.根据关键词，回文定位判断态度。

【例题】2015年Text 2

They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone - a vast storehouse of digital information - is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect's purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.

27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of

[A] disapproval.

[B] indifference.

[C] tolerance.

[D] cautiousness.

【解题步骤应用】

1 判断选项态度的正负向

[A] disapproval反对的(负)

[B] indifference漠不关心的(中立)

[C] tolerance包容(正)

[D] cautiousness谨慎的(正)

2 回文判断态度

They should start by discarding California's lame argument

因此，根据文章的discarding，可以确定是表示负向否定态度，因此答案选A。

四、主旨题

【解题方法】1串线法 2主题词复现法 3框架法

【解题步骤】

1. 找出段落中心句或者主题词

2. 串联各段段落中心句，合并同类项，即可得出全文主旨

【例题】2008年Text 1

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?

[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes, "it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."

Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."

Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."

Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

【解题步骤应用】

1. 总结每段中心

Para1 女性比男性压力大

Para2 从生物角度而言，女性比男性压力大

Para3 现实中，女性比男性压力大

Para4 女性和男性面对的压力的不同特点

Para5 举例论证女性压力的特点

Para6 女性压力的现状及应对建议

2.合并同类项，即可得出全文主旨

Para1 women men stress

Para2 women men stress

Para3 women men stress

Para4 women men stress

Para5 women stress

Para6 women stress

Para1-Para4 women men stress(两性压力不平等)

Para5-Para6 women stress(压力下的女性)

正确答案[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

特殊标点符号

有一些特殊的标点符号也经常成为出题的对象，因此考生应该对以下标点符号的用法较为熟悉：逗号、冒号、括号、破折号、引号以及问号。

(1)逗号：两个逗号之间的内容、或者一个逗号后面的内容，通常都起到补充说明第一个逗号前面内容的作用。

【真题回放2000-Text5】

Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”

69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.

[A] they think of it as immoral

[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth

[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits

[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible

(2)冒号：其解释说明或者高度概括。

【真题回放2007-Text4】

① It never rains but it pours. ② Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. ③ Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.

36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce

[A] the fierce business competition.

[B] the feeble boss-board relations.

[C] the threat from news reports.

[D] the severity of data leakage.

(3)括号：其解释说明作用。

【真题回放2006-Text2】

① Anyway, the townsfolk can't understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (②The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row.③ Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they'll do better.)④ The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.

29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.

[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending

[B] the company is financially ill-managed

[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable

最后一道是主观题，每年都有争议，但话语权在命题组，原文没有题目，都是他们编的，看下这个就知道了2014 考研英语一阅读分析（一）文章来源 考研英语一阅读分析（二）获得信息

Come on -Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed. There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day. Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends. 21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as [A] a supplement to the social cure [B] a stimulus to group dynamics [C] an obstacle to school progress [D] a cause of undesirable behaviors 22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should [A] recruit professional advertisers [B] learn from advertisers’ experience [C] stay away from commercial advertisers [D] recognize the limitations of advertisements 23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to [A] adequately probe social and biological factors [B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure [C] illustrate the functions of state funding [D]produce a long-lasting social effect 24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors [A] is harmful to our networks of friends [B] will mislead behavioral studies [C] occurs without our realizing it [D] can produce negative health habits 25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is [A] harmful [B] desirable [C] profound [D] questionable

英语一2012text1

text1错一个 text2直接对一个

2012考研英语text1通常说会者不难，主要还是看自己根据对应难度和范围的内容准备得充分与否。要想学好英语首先就要煅炼好自己的听力。环境很重要，在平时选择多听，多看，比如多看些英语电影，多听些英语听力，提高听力。

和你想的一样

2018年考研的时间也不多了，这时候拼的是爆发力，拼的是方法和效率，每个科目复习都要集中精力做更利与提分和决定成败的部分，在阅读理解上要抓住一些常考知识点和技巧就行了。以下是我推荐英语一阅读高频考点及一些解题技巧的知识，欢迎阅读!

一、as结构

regard…as…(2011)

call…as…(2011)

use…as…(2004)

consider…as…(2004)

treat…as…(2014)

portray…as…(2012)

view…as…

see…as…

look upon…as

treat…as…

think of…as…

二、否定词

2011 Q22 细节题---猜词 unpretentious-modest

2011 Q39 细节推理题---猜词 unrealistic-misleading

2012 Q26 词义题 reneging on-dishonoring

2012 Q40 态度题 but, bad-disapproval

2013 Q23词义题 indictment-accusation

2014 Q24 细节推理 hurting, terrifying, embarrassing, hard to get-uneasy

2015 Q27 态度题 discard-disapproval

三、特殊标点

2013 Q34 细节题 冒号

2012 Q24 细节推理题 冒号

2012Q 29 细节题 冒号

2011 Q36 观点题 冒号

2007 Q31 细节题 冒号

2012 Q36 推理题 分号

2013 Q25 主旨题 分号

2014 Q38 细节题 分号

阅读解题技巧

一、细节题

【解题方法】题干+选项精确定位法

【解题步骤】

1. 找题干关键词，精确定位到文章(题干的关键词一般会定位到文章的某句或者相连的两句中)

2. 将所选答案精确定位到文章

【例题】2012年Text1

22. Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should _________.

[A] recruit professional advertisers

[B] learn from advertisers' experience

[C] stay away from commercial advertisers

[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements

The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. "Dare to be different, please don't smoke!" pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

【解题步骤应用】

1 题干定位：段落的最后一句

Rosenberg--- Rosenberg

holds---argues

that---that

public-health advocates--- public-health advocates

should---ought to

因此，答案定位在take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

2 选项定位

答案[B] learn from advertisers' experience

learn from---take a page from 表"学习"。

experience---skilled 表示"有经验的，很娴熟的"。

二、推断题

【解题方法】找段落中心句

寻找段落中心句方法：

第一、逻辑上出现转承关系的句子(转折、因果、递进，即有therefore, thus, but, however, in short, all in all 等提示词的句子);

第二、有明确表示观点的路标指引词(think, believe, deny, acknowledge, insist, according to, claim…)

第三、含有情态动词的句子(should, must…)

第四、含有特殊标点的句子(冒号、破折号、引号、括号)

第五、特殊句型(疑问句、倒装句、强调句、省略句)

第六、平铺直叙段落中，注意首末句

【解题步骤】

1. 根据题干，寻找该段落中心句,

2. 正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写

【例题】2009年Text4

37. It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders________.

[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history

[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World

[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life

[D] were obsessed with religious innovations

To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.

【解题步骤应用】

1. 寻找段落中心句(转折处)

But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances.

2. 正确答案即段落中心句的同义改写

答案[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World

New Englanders--- the original Puritans

brought with ---carriers

them---the original puritans

the culture---culture

old world---European

三、态度题

【解题方法】作者态度分类法

1. 在判断感情色彩时，应结合以下两点。

1)作者态度可以分为三大类：a. 正向态度：支持，乐观，赞同; b. 客观、中立、公正;c. 负向态度：反对、批评、怀疑

2)特别注意作者的态度一般与文章中心相联系。不要把自己的态度纳入其中，而且要注意区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度。

2. 匹配选项。匹配选项时应该注意：

1)有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项)：indifferent(漠不关心);subjective(主观的);biased(有偏见的);puzzled(迷惑不解的)。

2)一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly;completely;entirely。

3. 态度题的新趋势：

1)现在题目的考察不仅仅局限于作者的态度，也开始考察文章中某人的观点和态度，做题时特别应该注意看清楚题目考察的是谁对谁的态度。

2)选项可能不在是态度明确的肯定或者否定的词，而是改为带有程度限制的词语，带有如下词语的选项往往是正确的：guarded慎重的，qualified有条件的，tempered缓和的，因为带有保留态度的观点比较客观，一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly completely entirely

【解题步骤】

1.判断选项ABCD的态度正负向，将四个选项进行分类(正向，负向)

2.根据关键词，回文定位判断态度。

【例题】2015年Text 2

They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone - a vast storehouse of digital information - is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect's purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant.

27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of

[A] disapproval.

[B] indifference.

[C] tolerance.

[D] cautiousness.

【解题步骤应用】

1 判断选项态度的正负向

[A] disapproval反对的(负)

[B] indifference漠不关心的(中立)

[C] tolerance包容(正)

[D] cautiousness谨慎的(正)

2 回文判断态度

They should start by discarding California's lame argument

因此，根据文章的discarding，可以确定是表示负向否定态度，因此答案选A。

四、主旨题

【解题方法】1串线法 2主题词复现法 3框架法

【解题步骤】

1. 找出段落中心句或者主题词

2. 串联各段段落中心句，合并同类项，即可得出全文主旨

【例题】2008年Text 1

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say?

[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. "Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men," according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York's Veteran's Administration Hospital.

Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

Adding to a woman's increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased "opportunities" for stress. "It's not necessarily that women don't cope as well. It's just that they have so much more to cope with," says Dr. Yehuda. "Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men's," she observes, "it's just that they're dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner."

Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. "I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating."

Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. "I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better." Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. "It's the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck."

Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez's experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

【解题步骤应用】

1. 总结每段中心

Para1 女性比男性压力大

Para2 从生物角度而言，女性比男性压力大

Para3 现实中，女性比男性压力大

Para4 女性和男性面对的压力的不同特点

Para5 举例论证女性压力的特点

Para6 女性压力的现状及应对建议

2.合并同类项，即可得出全文主旨

Para1 women men stress

Para2 women men stress

Para3 women men stress

Para4 women men stress

Para5 women stress

Para6 women stress

Para1-Para4 women men stress(两性压力不平等)

Para5-Para6 women stress(压力下的女性)

正确答案[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

特殊标点符号

有一些特殊的标点符号也经常成为出题的对象，因此考生应该对以下标点符号的用法较为熟悉：逗号、冒号、括号、破折号、引号以及问号。

(1)逗号：两个逗号之间的内容、或者一个逗号后面的内容，通常都起到补充说明第一个逗号前面内容的作用。

【真题回放2000-Text5】

Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”

69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.

[A] they think of it as immoral

[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth

[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits

[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible

(2)冒号：其解释说明或者高度概括。

【真题回放2007-Text4】

① It never rains but it pours. ② Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. ③ Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.

36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce

[A] the fierce business competition.

[B] the feeble boss-board relations.

[C] the threat from news reports.

[D] the severity of data leakage.

(3)括号：其解释说明作用。

【真题回放2006-Text2】

① Anyway, the townsfolk can't understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (②The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row.③ Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they'll do better.)④ The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.

29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.

[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending

[B] the company is financially ill-managed

[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable

考研英语一2012text1

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Come on -Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the , the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers. The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed. There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day. Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends. 21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as [A] a supplement to the social cure [B] a stimulus to group dynamics [C] an obstacle to school progress [D] a cause of undesirable behaviors 22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should [A] recruit professional advertisers [B] learn from advertisers’ experience [C] stay away from commercial advertisers [D] recognize the limitations of advertisements 23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to [A] adequately probe social and biological factors [B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure [C] illustrate the functions of state funding [D]produce a long-lasting social effect 24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors [A] is harmful to our networks of friends [B] will mislead behavioral studies [C] occurs without our realizing it [D] can produce negative health habits 25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is [A] harmful [B] desirable [C] profound [D] questionable

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