本文作者:小思

高中英语语法时态归纳总结表

小思 09-18 8
高中英语语法时态归纳总结表摘要: 高中英语语法时态归纳总结一般现在时 主语+be/V.+其他一般过去时 主语+was/were/其他现在进行时 主语+be+doing+其他现在完成时 主语+have/has+d...

高中英语语法时态归纳总结

一般现在时 主语+be/V.+其他一般过去时 主语+was/were/其他现在进行时 主语+be+doing+其他现在完成时 主语+have/has+done+其他过去完成时 主语+had+done+其他一般将来时 主语+will/shall+V.原形+其他过去将来时 主语+would+V.原形+其他过去将来进行时 主语+would+be+doing+其他将来进行时 主语+will/shall+be+doing+其他过去进行时 主语+was/were+doing+其他被动:be+done

英语的基本时态由三种“时”(时间),四种“态”(状态)交叉构成。三种“时”:过去 现在 将来 四种“态”:常态 进行态 完成态 完成进行态一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时现在 study be studying have studied have been studying过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying将来 will study wil be studying will have studied will have been studying过去将来 would study would be studying would have studied would have been studying时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。Ⅰ现在时态:四种1.一般现在时态:表示现存的状态(be动词),经常做的动作I do it. 我(经常)做这件事。2.现在进行时态:表示正在进行的动作I am doing it. 我(现在)正在做这件事。3.现在完成时态:表示现在已经完成,对现在产生影响,形成结果I have done it. 我(现在)已经做完这件事了。4.现在完成进行时态:表示一直在进行的动作(字面意思已经在进行)I have been doing it. 我(现在)一直正在做这件事。Ⅱ过去时态:四种5.一般过去时态:表示过去存在的状态(be动词),经常做的动作I did it. 我(过去经常)做这件事。6.过去进行时态:表示过去正在进行的动作I was doing it. 我(过去的某个时间)正在做这件事。7.过去完成时态:表示过去已经完成,对过去的某个时间产生影响,形成结果I had done it. 我(过去的某个时间)已经做完这件事了。8.过去完成进行时态:表示一直在进行的动作(字面意思已经在进行)I had been doing it. 我(到过去的某个时间)一直在做这件事。Ⅲ 将来时态:四种9.一般将来时态:表示将来存在的状态(be动词),将来经常做的动作I will do it. 我将要做这件事。10.将来进行时态:表示将来正在进行的动作I will be doing it. 我将要正在做这件事。11.将来完成时态:表示到将来的某个时间已经完成,对那个时间产生影响,形成结果I will have done it. 我(到将来的某个时间)已经做完这件事了。12.将来完成进行时态:表示将来一直在进行的动作(字面意思已经在进行)I will have been doing it. 我(到将来的某个时间)将一直在做这件事。Ⅳ 过去将来时态:四种(平时根本用不到,只在讲故事或小说中出现)13.一般过去将来时态:表示对过去的某一时间来讲的将来存在的状态(be动词),将来经常做的动作,对现在来讲已成过去I would do .过去将来进行时态:表示对过去的某一时间来讲的将来正在进行的动作,对现在来讲已成过去I would be doing .过去将来完成时态:表示对过去的某一时间来讲的到将来的某个时间已经完成,对那个时间产生影响,形成结果,对现在来讲已成过去I would have done .过去将来完成进行时态:表示对过去的某一时间来讲的将来一直在进行的动作(字面意思已经在进行),对现在来讲已成过去I would have been doing it.

自己去买语法书

一、一般现在时:概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。二、一般过去时:概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时:概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构:am/is/are+doing否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。四、过去进行时:概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构:was/were+doing否定形式:was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。五、现在完成时:概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.基本结构:have/has + done否定形式:have/has + not +d one. 一般疑问句:have或has。 六、过去完成时 概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即 “过去的过去” 时间状语:before,by,the end of last year(term,month)...... 基本结构:had done 否定:had not done 一般疑问句:had放句首 七、一般将来时 概念:表示将要发生的动作,或存在的状态及打算,计划或准备做某事 时间状语:tomorrow,next day,soon,in a few minutes.... 基本结构:1、be going to 2、will/shall do 否定:1、 was / were not 2、行为动词前加didn't ,同时还原行为动词 一般疑问句:1、be 放于句首 2、will /shall 提于句首 八、过去将来时 概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中 时间状语:the next day,the following month 基本结构:1、be going to do 2、would /should do 否定: 1、be not going to 2、would/should not do一般疑问句:be ,would/should 放于句首

高中英语语法时态归纳总结表

1. 一般现在时 He cleans the blackboard. The blackboard is cleaned by him. 2.一般过去时 He cleaned the blackboard. The blackboard was cleaned by him. 3.一般将来时He will(或is going to) clean the blackboard. The blackboard will(或is going to) be cleaned by him. 4.现在进行时He is cleaning the blackboard. The blackboard is being cleaned by him. 5.过去进行时He was cleaning the blackboard. The blackboard was being cleaned by him. 6.将来进行时He will be cleaning the blackboard. The blackboard will be being cleaned by him. 7.现在完成时He has cleaned the blackboard. The blackboard has been cleaned by him. 8.过去完成时He had cleaned the blackboard. The blackboard had been cleaned by him. 我才初二,只会8种时态,不好意思

时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容,我们在实际运用时,往往对时态倍感棘手,下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态的用法。

一般现在时

概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.

基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词

否定形式:①am/is/are+not; ②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

一般过去时

1.表过去发生的事情或存在的状态

eg Suddenly,the clouds cleared and the rain stopped.

2.表过去经常发生的事情

eg I was very thin in my childhood.

3.带有确定的过去的时间状语

eg Did you meet yesterday? He left just now.

现在进行时

1.说话、写文章的当刻正在发生的动作

eg They are having a football match.

2.现阶段一直在进行的动作

eg He is preparing for CET Band Six.

3.表示说话人的情感,如赞许、批评等

eg She is often doing well at school.

4.表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作

eg Are you staying here till next week?

过去进行时

1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构:was/were + doing

4.否定形式:was/were + not + doing.

5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。

现在完成时

概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.

基本结构:have/has + done

否定形式:have/has + not +d one.

一般疑问句:have或has。

过去完成时

1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month…),by the time...,etc.

3.基本结构:had + done.

4.否定形式:had + not + done.

5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。

一般将来时

概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

基本结构:①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.

否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。

过去将来时态

表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个"将来"时间绝不会延伸到―现在;而仅限于―过去时间区域内。由此可以看出,含这个时态的句子常带一个表示―过去某个时间点的状语。这个状语或是一个短语,或是一个句子。这个时态常用于:

1.结构

a)would/should+动词原形

b)was/were going to+动词原形

2.用法

1)、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句或间接引语中。

2)、表示过去的某种习惯性动作,只能用would。

3)表示过去情况中的―愿望、―倾向,多用于否定句。

总共十二种时态: 1.一般现在时 2.一般过去时 3.一般将来时 4.现在进行时 5.过去进行时 6.将来进行时 7.现在完成时 8.过去完成时 9.将来完成时 10.现在完成进行时 11.过去完成进行时 12.将来完成进行时 其中英文最常用的时态有五个:一般现在时;现在进行时;一般过去时;一般将来时和现在完成时。 一、 一般现在时: 用动词原型表示,但单数第三人称后要加-s,在词尾加-s时要注意: 1. 一般情况:加-s 例:reads,writes,says 2. 以s,x,ch,sh收尾的词加-es 例:teaches,washes,guesses 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es 例:try—tries,carry—carries。 这个时态的疑问句一般以句首加助动词do,does构成。句中动词要用原型动词be提前: do you know it? are you students? does she have a pen? 1.一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作: we always care for each other and help each other。 they cycle to work every day。 2.现在的特征或状态: he loves sports。 do you sing?a little。 i major in english。 3. 遍真理: light travels faster than sound。 two and four makes six。 the moon moves round the earth。 有些表示状态和感觉的动词常常可用于一般现在时:be,love,like,hate,want,hope,need,prefer,wish,know,understand,remember,believe,recognize,guess,suppose,mean,belong,think(以为),feel,envy,doubt,remain,consist,contain,seem,look(看起来),see,fit,suit,owe,own,hear,find,suggest,propose,allow,show(说明),prove,mind(在意),have(有),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),matter,require,possess,desire等等。 i feel a sharp pain in my chest。 the soup contains too much salt。 you see what i mean? the coat fits you very well。 how do you find the book? 有些表示动作的动词间或可用于这一时态,表示现刻的动作,由于动作持续时间机短,用于进行时不自然: i send you my best wishes。 i salute your courage。 now i extend my heartfelt thanks to you。 在口语中这个时态用来表示一个按规定、计划或安排发生的情况(这是都有一个表示未来时间的状语): when do the train leave(stop at jinan)? the plane take off at 11 am。 tomorrow is saturday。 is there a firm on tonight? 但这只限少数动词,如begin,come,go,leave,sail,start,arrive,return,dine,end,stop,depart,open,close,be等。另外,在时间或条件从句中,将来动作或状态多用这一时态表示: tell her about that when she come。 turn off the light before you leave。 we‘ll start as soon as you are ready。 在口语中,这个时态间或可以用来表示一个已经发生的动作(这个动作发生的时间在说话人脑中处于很不重要的地位): they say xiao wu is back。is that true? xiao yu tells me you‘re going abroad。 oh,i forget where he lives。 yes,you answer quite well。 此外一般现在时还多用于报刊、电影、电视解说等其他几种情况。 二、 现在进行时 现在进行时用助动词be的人称形式加现在分词构成,它的肯定、否定、疑问形式如下: i am working。 i am not working。 am i working? 现在进行时主要表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。 where are they having the basket-ball match? they are putting up the scaffolding。 he‘s showing a foreign guest round the city。 在不少情况下,表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子,并没有“正在”这样的字,在译为英语时却必须用进行时态: how are you getting on with the work? the work is going fairly smoothly。 you are making rapid progress。 it is blowing hard。 who are you waiting for? whenever i see her,she is working in the garden。我每次看到她时,她总是在花园里干活。 在一般现在时所列的表示状态和感觉的动词,一般不能用于进行时态,因为他们不能表示正在进行的动作。但如果词义转变,能表示一个正在进行的动作,就能够用于进行时态,试比较下面的句子: do you see anyone over there?你看到那里有什么人吗? are you seeing someone off?你在给谁送行吗? i hear someone singing。我听见有人唱歌。 they are hearing an english talk?他们在听一个英语报告。 what do you think of it?你觉得这怎么样? what are you thinking about?你在想什么? 另外,表示无法持续动作的动词,一般不宜用于进行时态,但有些可以用于这个时态表示重复、即将等: he is jumping up and down。她一上一下地跳着。 the train is arriving。火车就要进站了。 the old man is dying。老头病危了。 现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安安排要进行的动作(这是多有一个表示未来时间的状语): we are leaving on friday。 are you going anywhere tomorrow? a foreign guest is giving a lecture in english this afternoon。 xiao hong!coming。 who is interpreting for you? we are having a holiday next monday。 但这仅限于少量动词,如go,come,leave,start,arrive,lunch,return,dine,work,sleep,stay,play,do,have,wear等。 另外,“be going+不定式”这个结构经常用来表示即将发生的事或打算(准备)做的事: i am afraid it is going to rain。 it is going to be rather cold tomorrow。 she is not going to speak at the meeting。 在这个结构中过去有许多人不赞成用go和come这两个动词,感到很别扭,主张不说are you going to go anywhere tomorrow?而说are you going anywhere tomorrow?不说is she going to come?而说is she coming?但现在在这种结构中用两个动词的人越来越多,这种用法基本上被大家接受了。 此外,在时间和条件状语从句中,间或也可用现在进行时表示将来的情况或一般情况: do not mention this when you are talking with him。 remember that when you are taking a rest,some else is always working。 if she is still sleeping,do not wake her up。 现在进行时有时用来代替一般现在时,表示一个经常性动作或状态,这是或是为了表示一种感情(a)如赞叹、厌烦等,或是为了强调情况的暂时性(b)。 a. how are you feeling today?(比how do you feel today?更显亲切) xiao hua is doing fine work at school。(比xiao hua does fine work at school。更富赞美) he is always thinking of his work。表赞许 he is constantly leaving his thing about。她老是乱扔东西。(表不满) he is always boasting。他老爱说大话。(表厌烦) b.he is sleeping in the next room now。他现在现在是在隔壁房间睡了(不再原来房间睡了)。 the professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill。 where is he working?他现在在那里工作?(可能刚换工作) for this week we are starting work at 7:30。 he is walking to work because his bicycle is being repaired。 be间或可用于进行时态,表示一时的表现: you are not being modest。 he is being silly。 she is being friendly。 xiao hong is being a good girl today。 do not talk rot。i am being serious。 注: 在there和here引起的句子中,常可用一般现在时代替现在进行时: here comes the bus。(=the bus is coming.) there goes the bell. (=the bell is ringing.) 在某些情况下两种情况都可以用,没有多少差别: i wonder (am wondering) how i should answer then. does your leg hurt? (is your leg hurting?) it itches (is itching) terribly. my back aches (is aching). i write (am writing ) to inform you. 未完待续。。。 (发帖时间:2004-01-06 19:51:16) ---3dnow【外语学习成员】 三、 一般将来时 一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原型构成,shall用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称。这个时态的肯定、否定及疑问机构可表示如下: i shall go. i shall not go. shall i go? 除英国以外的说英语的国家,在陈述句中,即使在第一人称一般也用will,在英国也有这种趋势,在口语中常紧缩为i’ll. 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作和情况: i will (shall) arrive tomorrow. will you be busy tonight? the agreement will come into force next spring. we won’t (shan’t) be free tonight. 有时表示将来的时间状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况: i will think it over. who will take the chair? will she come? they won’t object it. 在以i 或 we 作主语的问句中,一般用shall,这时或是征求对方的意见(a),或是询问一个情况(b): a. shall i make a fair copy of it? which book shall i read first? where shall we meet? b. shall we have any classes tomorrow? when shall we have the rehearsal? shall i be able to find them there? 在这类问句中,近年来也有不少人用will,特别是美国。 what will we do? how will get there? which will i take? 注意在时间或条件状语从句中,一般不能用将来时态,而用现在时态代替: i’ll let you have the book when i’m through. they’ll fight till they win complete victory. i’ll be round to see you if i have time tomorrow. 注:在两种情况下条件从句可以用一般将来时: 1. 表示愿望: if they won’t cooperate, our plan will fall flat. 2.主句的谓语表时现在的情况: if he won’t arrive this morning, why should we wait here。 表示将要发生的动作或情况,除了一般将来时外,还有一些其他结构和时态: 1. be going +不定式(表打算、准备作的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事): we ‘re going to put up a building here. how are you going to spend your holiday? who is going to speak first? 2. be +不定式(表示按计划安排要发生的事或用来征求对方的意见): when is the factory to go into production? the line is (going) to be opened to traffic next week. am i to (=shall i ) go on with the work? 3.一般现在时(限于某些动词,表示按计划或时刻要发生的事): school finishes on january 18th. we get off at the next stop. when does the winter vacation begin? 4.现在进行时(限于某些动词,表示按计划安排要发生的事): we are having an english evening tonight. they are playing some folk music next. i am talking the children to the zoo (on sunday ). 在单纯表示将来情况,特别是谈一连串的事情或在带时间或条件状语从句的句子中,谓语多用将来时: next term i will try to do better. i’ll speak more english and do more reading-aloud. he’ll come to see you when he has time. he’ll tell you if you ask him. 在表示打算或准备时,如不提时间、条件等,多用be going to这个结构,用一般将来时时很少的,特别是在口语中: he is going to buy a dictionary.(很少说he will buy a dictionary.) 在谈即将发生的情况时,用be going to 这个结构也多一些。在表示按计划安排要做得事时,用be to 的时候也不少。另外还有将来进行时等时态也可表示将来的动作。 注:be about to 可表示即将作某事 we are about to leave. he is about to retire. 一般将来时有时还可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作: a drowning man will catch at a straw. crops will die without water. oil will float on water. 注:这一时态有时用来表示揣测(a)或容量(b): a. that man in the middle will be the visiting minister. b. the hall will seat 500people. 四、 一般过去时 一般过去时由动词的过去式表示,动词be有was, were两个过去式,was用于第一、三人称单数,were用于其他情况。在构成否定及疑问句时,一般都借助助动词did, 动词be有其独特的疑问及否定形式(基本上和一般现在时一致)。这个时态的三种结构可表示如下: 一般动词: i worked there. i did not work there. did you work there? 动词be: i was there. i was not there. was i there? 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性动作) who put forward the suggestion? when did she leave? she often came to help us. 有些情况,发生的时间不很清楚,但实际上是过去发生的,应当用过去时态: i was glad to get your letter. what was the final score? how did you like their performance? *在谈到已死去人的情况多用过去时: lao she was a great writer. my grandmother was kind to us. 有时两种时态都可以用: brahms was/is one of the greatest representative of german classicalism. 注:在口语中一般过去时有时可用来代替一般现在时,使语气变得婉转一些,例如在下面句子中用一般现在时或一般过去时都可以,但用过去时显得客气一些(带有更多商量的口吻): do/did you want to see me? i wonder/wondered if you could spare a few minutes. i want/wanted to ask if i can/could borrow your bike. 未完待续。。让大家久等了。第一次自己敲键盘发帖子。好累呀。:( ---3dnow【外语学习成员】 五、 现在完成时 现在完成时由have的人称形式加过去分词构成。他的肯定、否定及疑问形式如下: i have read it. i have not read it. have you read it? 现在完成时表示现刻以前发生的动作或情况,可以是: 1. 到现在为止的这一时期中发生的情况(可能时多次动作的总和,也可表示状态和习惯性动作): we have opened up 200 mu of land this year. how many pages have you covered today? i haven’t seen him for many days. 2. 对现状有影响的某一已发生的动作: the delegation has already left. i have seen the film many times. the city has taken on a new look. 注: 这个时态有时还可以表示过去曾发生过一次或多次的情况,也可以说是一种经历: all our children have had measles. man’s hairs have grown white in a single might. he says that he has seen a meteor at some time. 这个时态的基本特点是它和现在有密切的联系,或是讲迄今为止这一段时间的情况,或是讲一个影响现状的动作,这样它不是从时间上就是从后果上和现在联系起来。根据这个特点我们可以判断什么时候用一般过去时,什么时候用现在完成时: 1. 当有一个表示过去某时的状语(包括when)时,不能用现在完成时: i saw her a minute ago. just now xiao lin came to see you. when did you get to know it? 2.当有一个表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时,多用现在完成时: up till now we have planted over 24,000 fruit trees. we haven’t had any physical training classes this week. he has learned a good deal since he came here. 3.在用already, yet, just, as yet, ever, never这类副词作状语时,常可用现在完成时: this is the second game. they ’ve already won a game. have you got the plan ready yet? –no, not yet. i’ve just received a money order. 4.在单独谈一个过去的动作,不涉及它对现在的影响时,通常用一般过去时,如果谈一件已经发生的事,不考虑它是什么时候发生的,而主要考虑对现在的影响,多用现在完成时: did you get up very early? has he got up? what did you have for lunch? have you had lunch? i got the news from xiao yu. i’ve got no news from him. 注: 有since引起的状语时,主要谓语通常用完成时态: we met in 1972,and have been good friends ever since (then). it has rained a great deal since you left. we haven’t seen each other again since them (since we parted in 1952). 但在表示时间长度时可用一般现在时。 l 在使用一个表示状态的动词(如be, seem等)作谓语时,间或也可用现在时态: it’s ok since i fixed it. it seems a long time since i was here. i’m getting interested in china since you came here. 间或用过去时,特别时在口语中。 i lost ten pounds since i started swimming. 在since引起的状语从句中,通常用一般过去时。但间或可用现在完成时: i haven’t seen him since i have been back. since i have known her, she has been fond of sports. 有时同样一句汉语,由于使用场合不用,译成英语时可能需要不同时态: has xiao yang come? did xiao yang come? how many people have gone to the factory? how many people went to the factory? we haven’t invited him. we didn’t invite him. 有时同样一个动作,也随着说话的意图不同而用不同时态表示: has he gone to town? how did he go there? 后一句谈动作本身,与现在无联系。 have you had your lunch? where did you have it? 你吃中午饭了吗?在那吃的? has she left? why did she leave so early? 某些动词的现在完成时刻表示一直持续到现在的状态: how have you been (recently)? the conference has lasted five days. we’ve known each other since we were children. 特别是动词be,是常常这样用的: he’s been back for three days. (不能用has come back) she has been a teacher for ten years. (不能说has become) he has been in college for a year. (不能说has entered) 由于come, become, enter和get up 等动词都只代表一个短暂的动作,不能代表一个延续的状态,这是需要用be来表示延续的状态: 另外有少数动词(主要是work, study, teach, live等)可用于现在完成时表示一直持续到现在的一个动作: how long have you worked here? she has taught english for many years. we’ve lived here for quite a few years. 但大多数动词不宜这样用,而需用现在完成进行时。 注:have been (to)长可用来表示“到过某地”或“刚去做过某事” have you ever been to xi’an? xiao liu has just been here. we’ve been here(there)many times. l 现在完成时还可用在表示时间或条件的状语从句中,表示将来某时业已完成的动作: i’ll go and see the exhibition as soon as i have got the recorder fixed. we’ll start at five o’clock if it has stopped raining by then i will gibe my opinion when i have read the book through. 这利用“现在完成时”时表示这动作将在另一动作之前完成。如果两个动词同时发生,或几乎同时发生,(也就是说一个动作紧接着另一个动作),一般就不用这个时态: i’ll let you know as soon as i hear from her. she’ll write you when she gets there. 在这样的情况下(特别是当我们用的是get, arrive, see, hear, leave, return 等代表迅即完成的动作的动词时),多用一般现在时。有时两种时态都可以用: we’ll leave as soon as it stops(has stopped) raining. i’ll tell him after you leave (have left). 注:have got 形式上时现在完成时,却和have时同一个意思: she has got (=has) a slight temperature. have you got (=do you have) any sisters? 另外,现在有一种倾向,特别是在美国,在随便谈话时,常用一般过去时代替现在完成时: i saw it already (=i have seen it already). did you return the records yet (=have you returned the records yet)? i just come back (=i’ve just come back).

英语语法是英语知识中十分重要的环节,希望以下文章对您有所帮助!   时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将这时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下16种时态形式(以do为例):   一 般   完 成   进 行   完 成 进 行   现 在   现在一般时   do   现在完成时   have done   现在进行时   is doing   现在完成进行时   have been doing   过 去   过去一般时   did   过去完成时   had done   过去进行时   was doing   过去完成进行时   had been doing   将 来   将来一般时   will do   将来完成时   will have done   将来进行时   will be doing   将来完成进行时   will have been doing   过去将来   过去将来一般时   would do   过去将来完成时   would have done   过去将来进行时   would be doing   过去将来完成进行时   would have been doing   1. 一般现在时 (do/does; is/am/are)   ①表示现在的情况、状态和特征。   例:He is a student.   他是一个学生。   ② 表示经常性、习惯性动作。   例:He always helps others.   他总是帮助别人。   ③ 客观事实和普遍真理。   例:The earth moves the sun.   地球绕着太阳转。   ④ 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。(常用于列车、客车、飞机或轮船时刻表)   例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。⑤ 主将从现:在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在表示将的来事情。   例:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.   如果明天下雨,我们会待在家里。   ④现在进行时与频度副词连用,表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。   例: He is always helping others.   他总是帮助别人。(褒义)   ④过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。   例:When he lived in country,he was always helping the poor.   住在乡下时,他总是帮助穷人。   4. 一般将来时   ①基本结构是will do。   例:We will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.   我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。   ②表示“打算…,要…”时,可用 am/is/are going to do。   例:This is just what I am going to say.   这正是我想说的。   ③ 表示“即将、正要”时,可用am/is/are about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。   例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.   别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。   ④"be to do"的2种用法:   a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。   例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.   星期一你准会在实验室见到她。   b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。   例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.   孩子们,你们必须 上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。   5. 将来进行时(will be doing)   强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。   例:Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.   别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。   8. 一般过去时 (did; was/were)   ①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。   例:I bought some fruits yesterday.   我昨天买了一些水果。   ②表示过去习惯性动作。   would/ used to do:过去常常......   例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.   老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈。   He used to visit his mother once a week.   他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。   9. 现在完成时(have/has done)   ①表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成,强调对现在产生的影响。   例:I bought a new house, but I haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.   我买了一所新房子,但是还没有卖掉旧的,所以现在我又两所房子。②表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。   时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。   例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. 虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。   10. 现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)   表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。   例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.   到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。   11. 过去完成时(had done)   ①表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经完成的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的"过去的过去"。   Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six months. 到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。   ②表示从过去的过去开始,持续到过去的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。   By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.   到我毕业时,他已经教那个班三年了.   12.过去完成进行时:had been doing   表示从过去的过去开始,持续到过去的动作或情况,期间一直有规律的在进行、不曾间断,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。   例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.   我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。   表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间,期间一直有规律在进行、不曾间断,并且有可能继续延续下去。   例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.   他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。   例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.   到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。

初高中英语时态归纳总结

1、英语八大时态总结表:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时、过去将来时。 2、一般现在时:概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。   3、一般过去时:概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。   4、现在进行时:概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。   5、过去进行时:概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。   6、现在完成时:概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。   7、过去完成时:概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即 “过去的过去” 8、一般将来时:概念:表示将要发生的动作,或存在的状态及打算,计划或准备做某事,时间状语:tomorrow,next day,soon,in a few minutes.... 9、过去将来时:概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中,时间状语:the next day,the following month。

英语时态是 初中生 必须要掌握的一部分,下面我为大家总结了初中英语知识点,仅供大家参考。初中英语常用时态 一般现在时:常与always,often,sometimes, every day连用,表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单数做主语时,别忘了动词的变化。注意:象"地球大,月亮小"等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。 现在进行时:要注意其构成:由be+动词+ing,表示说话时正在进行的动作。如:We're studying now. 我们现在正在学习。 英语过去时知识点 一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示过去时间的状语连用。注意:We often went to dance last summer.有的同学一见到often就想到用一般现在时,其实因为后面有表示过去时间的 last summer,所以要用过去式,千万别误用了,切记,切记。 过去进行时:显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么,常和特定的时间状语如at that time,at six yesterday,at that moment,when he came in等连用。如: When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking. 英语现在完成时知识点 顾名思义,现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作,但动作造成的影响还在,常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。如:He has already gone to Tianjin. 对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了。 现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如:Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,我们常用"过"来表示,常带有twice, once, ever, never等时间状语。如:I've never seen that film. 英语过去完成时知识点 过去完成时:我们可以用"过去的过去"来概括过去完成时,表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作,通常与by,before等构成的短语或when, before, after引导的从句连用。 也可表示过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作,常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。用法和现在完成时大致相同,只不过又向前推了一个时态。 以上就是我为大家总结的初中 英语知识点 ,仅供参考,希望对大家有所帮助。

动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种:一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。下面是我整理的内容,希望多大家有所帮助。

1.一般现在时

1)一般现在时态的构成:主语是I,we,you,they和名词复数时作谓语的行为动词用原形。

2)常用于一般现在时态的时间状语:often、usually、sometimes、always、every、day、never、in、the、morning等。

2.现在进行时

1)现在进行时的构成:Am/is/are+v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式。

2)现在进行时的用法:1.说话时正在进行或发生的动作(动作是在说话时正在进行);2.现阶段正在进行或发生的动作(但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行)。

3.一般将来时

1)一般将来时的构成:

1.助动词will(shall)+动词原形

to+动词原形

2)一般将来时的用法:

1.将要发生的动作。

2.将要存在的状态。

3.打算要做的事。

3)常用于一般将来时的时间状语:tomorrow、next、week、in2008等。

4.一般过去时

1)一般过去时的构成:用动词的过去式。

3)一般过去时的用法:

1.过去发生的动作。

2.过去存在的状态。

3)常用于一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,three months ago,last year,in1979,often,always等。

5.现在完成时

1)现在完成时的构成:have/has+v-ed

2)现在完成时的用法:

1、表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果.常与already,just,ever,never,before等词连用.

2、表示“过去的动作”一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去.常与for(后跟段时间)或since(后跟点时间)等连用.

6、过去进行时

1)过去进行时的构成:was/were+v-ing

2)过去进行时的用法:过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。

例如:This time last year I was living in Brazil.

3)常用于过去进行时的时间状语:at four yesterday afternoon,then,at that time/moment 等。

7、过去完成时态

1)过去完成时态的构成:

肯定式:had+动词的过去分词

否定式:hadn’t+动词的过去分词

疑问式:Had…+动词的过去分词

简略回答:Yes,主+have/has had.

No,主+had现在完成时的用法

过去完成时的用法:

1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。他表示的时间是“过去的过去”常与by last year, by the time of yesterday,等连用。

2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for(后跟段时间)或since(后跟点时间)等连用.

8.过去将来时

1)用法:从过去看将要发生的动作。

2)结构:would+动原was/were/going to

初中英语语法时态总结归纳

一般现在时。三单加s一般过去式。动词方面改变。一般将来时。will+动词原形或者be going to+动词原形现在完成时。have/has+动词的过去分词过去完成时。had+动词的过去分词过去将来时was going to do 或者would do

一、一般现在时: 1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。也可表客观规律以及在时间,条件状语从句中表将来时(主将从现) 2.时间状语: always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构:①be动词;am/is/are ②行为动词 :动词原形、第三人称单数。4.否定形式:①am/is/are+not;② don’t /doesn’t +动词原形+…… 5.一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;② Do/Does +…+动词原形+…? 二、一般过去时: 1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, this morning 3.基本结构:①be动词;was/were …②行为动词 :动词的过去式4.否定形式:①was/were+not;② didn’t +动词原形5.一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;② Did +…+动词原形……?三、现在进行时: 1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语:now, at this time, these days, look,listen ,can you see? Can’t you see ?之类的暗示语。3.基本结构: am/is/are+doing 4.否定形式: am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑问句: Is /Are …+doing sth ?四、过去进行时: 1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 2.时间状语:at this/that time yesterday, at that time ,at sixyesterday evening ,from eight o’clock to nine o’clock last night 或以when/while引导的时间状语(过去进行时+when+一般过去时/ 一般过去时+while +过去进行时/过去进行时+while +过去进行时)。 3.基本结构: was/were+doing 4.否定形式: was/were + not + doing. 5.一般疑问句: 把was或were放于句首。五、现在完成时: 1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, so far ,once, twice etc. 3.基本结构: have/has + done 4.否定形式: have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句: 把have或has放于句首。6.反义疑问句: 直接用has /have 进行反问7.注意:1).have been to /have gone to /have been in 的区别 have been to +地点 表示曾经去过某地,现人已返回。(once ,twice ….) have gone to +地点 表示人已去了某地,人还未返回。(where is sb ?) have been in +地点 表示在某地呆多长时间。(for…../ since …..)2).与时间段连用时,短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。 Come/go to ------ be at /in leave ----be away from buy ----have borrow /lend -----keep open ---be open close---be closed die--- be dead start/begin ----be on join—--be in /be a member of /be a soldier become –be make friend ---be friend get up ---be up fall asleep ---be asleep catch a cold – have a cold reach/get/arrive---stay/be 3).现在完成时的四种句型: A).主语+短暂性动词的过去式+ 时间+ago B).主语+have/has +延续性动词的过去分词+for…./since …. ago . C).It’s +时间段+since +短暂性动词的过去式 D).时间段+has passed +since +短暂性动词的过去式 His grandfather died two years ago . His grandfather has ____ ____ for two years. _____two years _____ his grandfather ____. Two years ____ ____ ____ his grandfather ).现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时与现在有关的时态,他侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时侧重于表示过去的动作与现在无关,若询问该动作发生的具体的时间时,只能用一般现在时。Has he returned the library book ? Yes, he ____ he _____(return) it ?He ____ (return)it yesterday afternoon .六、过去完成时: 1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。 2.时间状语:1).before+过去时间,by+ 过去时间, by the end of last year(term, month…)2).by the time +从句(一般过去时),主句(过去完成时)3).用于由when ,after , before 引导的时间状语从句中,前后两动作都发生在过去。 过去完成时+when/before +一般过去时 一般过去时+after +过去完成时4).用于宾语从句中。3.基本结构:had + done. 4.否定形式:had + not + done. 5.一般疑问句:把had放于句首。 七、一般将来时: 1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year ) ,soon, in+一段时间, by…,the day after tomorrow, this evening ,tonight 3.基本结构:1).am/is/are/going to + do;2).will/shall + do. 3).用现在进行时表示将来,动词come, go ,start,leave ,fly,move ,begin ,get ….4).当主句为一般将来时,由if ,as soon as ,until, when ,before, after, unless 引导的状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。4.否定形式:①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。 八、过去将来时: 1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语:the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…), by then , 3.基本结构:①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do. 4.否定形式:①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。希望能帮到你 请问对我的回答还满意吗

英语共有16种时态, 时态测试重点主要有:完成时态——现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时;进行时态——现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时;一般时态。 一、一般时态 1、一般现在时 (1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态,常和副词 usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week 等连谩@�纾? 1)The moon moves round the earth.. 2)Mr. Smith travels to work by bus every day. (2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment 以及 if,unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如: 1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2)I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow. (3)某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动词有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave 等。例如: 1)The plane leaves at three sharp. 2)The new teachers arrive tomorrow. (4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as 等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如: 1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. 2)You’ll probably be in the same train as I am tomorrow. 2.一般过去时 (1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如: We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如: 1)He always went to class last. 2)I used to do my homework in the library. (注意与be used to doing短语的区别) 3.一般将来时 1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如: I shall graduate next year. 2)几种替代形式: 1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如: I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money. 2)be to +v表示计划安排要做的事,具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如: I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如: He was about to start. 4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事, 必定发生的事。例如: The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing 强调即将发生的某种事态。例如: The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. 二、进行时态 1.现在进行时 (1)表示现在正在进行的动作,常与now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等连用。例如: Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now. (2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作, 常与always,continually,forever,constantly等连用。例如: My father is forever criticizing me. (3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如: They are leaving for Hong Kong next month. (4)有些动词不能用进行时,这是一类表示“感觉,感情,存在,从属”等的动词。如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感觉的词);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的动词);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在状态的动词);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示占有与从属的动词);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变,便也可用进行时态。例如: 1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him? (look 在此为联系动词,意为“显得,看上去”) 2)Tom is looking for his books. (look 在此为实义动词,意为“寻找”) 2. 过去进行时 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用。例如: 1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk. 3. 将来进行时 将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如: 1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening? 4. 完成进行时 (现在、过去、将来)完成进行时是(现在、过去、将来)完成时的强调形式,将放在完成时态部分讲述。 三、完成时态 完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为: 1. 现在完成时 (1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,just连用),或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况(常与for,since连用)。例如: 1)I have just finished my homework. 2)Mary has been ill for three days. (2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:since, for, during, over等引导出的短语;副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如: 1)I haven’t been there for five years. 2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation. 3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978. (3)完成时态可用在下列结构中: This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如: (1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting. (2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening. 2. 过去完成时 (1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如: 1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. (2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如: I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away. 另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是: 1)was / were + to have done sth, 例如: We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t. 2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth, 例如: I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. (3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型: 1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如: Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如: No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. 3)by (the end of ) +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如: The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon. 3. 将来完成时 将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作;也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有:by (the time / the end of ) + 表示将来时间的短语和句子;before (the end of ) + 表示将来时间的词语或句子;when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如: 1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. 2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock. 3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left. 4. 完成进行时 完成进行时是完成时的强调形式,有现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时。 (1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如: I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it. (2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如: It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places. (3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如: By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours. 四:时态一致 时态一致是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容。通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原则是: 1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时,从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态 He says that he lives in Wuhan. We hope that there will be many people at your party today. “Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it.” “There’s a lot of excitement on the street.” “There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?” 2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候,从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态 He said he was writing a novel. The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment. He said his father had been an engineer. 3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时,从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。例如: The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder. 注:在此种情况下,即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态,从句谓语也应用一般现在时。 4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况 利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时,还应注意,若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词,从句谓语只能用虚拟语气,不能遵循时态一致原则。例如: We insisted that we do it ourselves. 动词的语态 语态也是动词的一种形式,英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 1)We use electricity to run machines. (主动语态) 2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被动语态) 1. 不能用于被动语态的动词和短语 (1)在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。如:appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。 (2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词,如:become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。 2. 被动语态的时态形式 常用的被动语态有表1 所列的几种时态形式。 表1 时间 一般时 进行时 完成时 现在 am asked am being asked is asked is being asked are asked are being asked 过去 was be asked was being asked were be asked were being asked 将来 shall be asked shall have been asked will be asked will have been asked 过去 should be asked should have been asked 将来 would be asked would have been asked 3. 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词转换为被动语态时,通常被看作是一个动词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如: 1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at. 2)All the rubbish should be got rid of. 4.“get + -ed分词”的被动语态 “get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果,而非动作本身,常用来表示突发性的,出乎意料的偶然事件。例如: The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 另外,“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事,是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如: get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(离婚) get engaged(订婚) get confused(迷惑不解) get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸) get married(结婚) 5. 能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态 (1) 能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一次只能由一个宾语作主语,另一个宾语被保留下来。例如: 1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主动语态) 2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被动语态) 3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被动语态) (2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如: 1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态) 2)He was appointed League secretary.(被动语态) 6. 被动语态与系表结构的区别 (1)The novel was well written.(系表结构) (2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被动语态) 7. 少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思 例1:The book is selling remarkably well. 例2:The song sounds very beautiful. 能这样用的动词还有read(读起来),clean(擦起来),wash(洗起来),write(写起来)。 例3:My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned). 能像need这样用的动词还有:want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。 例4:The meat is cooking. 例 5:The book written by the professor is printing

一、 一般现在时 1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2.时间状语: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…), on Sundays, 3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式) 4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are +not+其他; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't, 如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 6.例句:. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words..[编辑本段]二、 一般过去时 1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构:be动词;行为动词 的过去式 4.否定形式:主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。 6.例句:She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy.[编辑本段]三、 现在进行时 1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语:Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen 3.基本结构:主语+be +doing +其他 4.否定形式:主语+be +not +doing+其他 5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。 6.例句: How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons.[编辑本段]四、 过去进行时 1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其他 4.否定形式:主语+was/were + not +doing+其他 5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写) 6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.[编辑本段]五、 现在完成时 1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点,for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构:主语+have/has +(过去分词)+其他 4.否定形式:主语+have/has + not +(过去分词)+其他 5.一般疑问句:have或has。 6.例句:I've written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.[编辑本段]六、 过去完成时 1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。 2.时间状语:Before, by the end of last year (term, month…), etc. 3.基本结构:主语+had + (过去分词)+其他 4.否定形式:主语+had + not +(过去分词)+其他 5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。 6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 基本结构:主语+had+(过去分词)+其他 ①肯定句:主语+ had+(过去分词)+其他 ②否定句:主语+ had+ not+(过去分词)+其他 ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+(过去分词)+其他 ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句[编辑本段]七、 一般将来时 1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语:Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本结构:主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其他;主语+will/shall + do+其他 4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are not going to do ;主语+will/shall not do+其他 5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。 6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.[编辑本段]八、 过去将来时 1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。 2.时间状语:The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 3.基本结构:主语+was/were +going to + do+其他;主语+would/should + do+其他 4.否定形式:主语+was/were/not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。 6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there .[编辑本段]九、将来完成时 1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态 2.时间状语:by the time of; by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+从句(将来) 3.基本结构:主语+be going to/will/shall + have+(过去分词)+其他 4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.[编辑本段]十、现在完成进行时 1.概念:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。 2.基本结构:主语+have/has +been +doing+其他 3.时间状语:since+时间点,for+时间段等。 4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour. The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.[编辑本段]十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 在现在完成时中,延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用,瞬间动词却不能。但是,可用别的表达方式:①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中;②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语,与一段时间连用;③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中,表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思,主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看: A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.[编辑本段]十二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 在一般现在时中,at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”,如at work(在工作), at school(上学、上课)等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看: Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing.[编辑本段]十三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换 在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如:I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来,妈妈!”请看: The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon.

英语时态总结归纳

时态总结:

一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时、过去将来时。

用法如下:

一、一般现在时:

1、表示经常发生的习惯性的、现在反复出现的动作或状态,常用的时间状语有:always,usually,seldom, sometimes, every day, now and then, once a week等。

2、表示眼下或目前等现在时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,这种状态带有一定的持续性。

3、表示客观事实或普遍真理。

4、书报的标题,故事的叙述,小说、戏剧、电影等情节介绍,图片的说明等。

5、时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作,只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come等动词。

6、在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,表示将来的动作。

注意:一般现在时可以用于定语从句或宾语从句中表示将来。

7、用在某些表达中,表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。

Here comes the bus!How it rains!

二、一般过去时:

1、表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态,与现在没有关系。常用的时间状语有:yesterday, last night, at that time等。

2、表示在过去某一段时间里反复出现的动作或状态,与现在没有关系。

3、用used to do或would do表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

4、有些情况发生的时间没清楚表明,但实际上是“刚才,刚刚”发生的,属于过去时间,应使用过去时态。常见的有I didn’t know…或I forgot…等。

5、一般过去时可与today, this week, this month等时间状语连用。

英语语法是英语知识中十分重要的环节,希望以下文章对您有所帮助! 时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将这时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下16种时态形式(以do为例): 一 般 完 成 进 行 完 成 进 行 现 在 现在一般时 do 现在完成时 have done 现在进行时 is doing 现在完成进行时 have been doing 过 去 过去一般时 did 过去完成时 had done 过去进行时 was doing 过去完成进行时 had been doing 将 来 将来一般时 will do 将来完成时 will have done 将来进行时 will be doing 将来完成进行时 will have been doing 过去将来 过去将来一般时 would do 过去将来完成时 would have done 过去将来进行时 would be doing 过去将来完成进行时 would have been doing 1. 一般现在时 (do/does; is/am/are) ①表示现在的情况、状态和特征。 例:He is a student. 他是一个学生。 ② 表示经常性、习惯性动作。 例:He always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。 ③ 客观事实和普遍真理。 例:The earth moves the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 ④ 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。(常用于列车、客车、飞机或轮船时刻表) 例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。⑤ 主将从现:在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在表示将的来事情。 例:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨,我们会待在家里。 ④现在进行时与频度副词连用,表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。 例: He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。(褒义) ④过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。 例:When he lived in country,he was always helping the poor. 住在乡下时,他总是帮助穷人。 4. 一般将来时 ①基本结构是will do。 例:We will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift. 我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她的生日礼物。 ②表示“打算…,要…”时,可用 am/is/are going to do。 例:This is just what I am going to say. 这正是我想说的。 ③ 表示“即将、正要”时,可用am/is/are about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。 例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you. 别担心,我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。 ④"be to do"的2种用法: a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。 例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday. 星期一你准会在实验室见到她。 b) 该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一种命令、规劝性语气。 例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes. 孩子们,你们必须 上床睡觉,不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。 5. 将来进行时(will be doing) 强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。 例:Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time. 别担心,你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。 8. 一般过去时 (did; was/were) ①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。 例:I bought some fruits yesterday. 我昨天买了一些水果。 ②表示过去习惯性动作。 would/ used to do:过去常常...... 例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody. 老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈。 He used to visit his mother once a week. 他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。 9. 现在完成时(have/has done) ①表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成,强调对现在产生的影响。 例:I bought a new house, but I haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. 我买了一所新房子,但是还没有卖掉旧的,所以现在我又两所房子。②表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。 时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间。 例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time. 虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。 10. 现在完成进行时(have/has been doing) 表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来。 例:We have been working on this project for over a month now. 到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了。 11. 过去完成时(had done) ①表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经完成的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的"过去的过去"。 Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six months. 到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。 ②表示从过去的过去开始,持续到过去的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。 By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years. 到我毕业时,他已经教那个班三年了. 12.过去完成进行时:had been doing 表示从过去的过去开始,持续到过去的动作或情况,期间一直有规律的在进行、不曾间断,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。 例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home. 我回到家之前,我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。 表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间,期间一直有规律在进行、不曾间断,并且有可能继续延续下去。 例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years. 他们说到第二个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。 例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. 到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。

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