初中英语被动语态汇总表
如下图:
被动语态(Passive voice)是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被""受""给"等被动词来表示被动意义 。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
8种被动语态各种时态构成表: TENSE 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 be\do\does am\is\are+done 一般将来时 will+do will be +done 现在进行时 am\is\are+doing am\is\are+being+done 一般过去时 ①was\were ②did was\were+done 现在完成时 have\has+done have\has+been+done 过去完成时 had+done had+been+done 过去进行时 was\were+doing was\were+being+done 情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+done
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。下面我为大家分享初中英语被动语态知识,欢迎大家参考借鉴。
一、被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
例:Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2) has /have been done 现在完成时
例:All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时
例:A new cinema is being built here.
4) was/were done 一般过去时
例:I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5) had been done 过去完成时
例: By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6) was/were being done 过去进行时
例:A meeting was being held when I was there.
7) shall/will be done 一般将来时
例:Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8) should/would be done 过去将来时
例:The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)
例:The project will have been completed before July.
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。
例:The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例:His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。
例:Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
例:Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的`动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
二、 如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
例: My bike was stolen last night.
2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例:I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3. 为了更好地安排句子。
例:The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)
三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。
有:
It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道,It is believed that…大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is well known that…众所周知,It is thought that…大家认为,It is suggested that…据建议。
例:It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例: This kind of cloth washes well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:The door won't lock. (指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例: How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable
五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。
1. 在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例:The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例:The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)
试比较:I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
例:This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
5. 在too… to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例:This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在there be…句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。
例:There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁 lost time不明确。)
7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例: Who is to blame for starting the fire?
求采纳,谢谢!
高中英语被动语态总结表格
主动语态有十六种,被动语态只有十种,因为完成进行时(现在完成进行、过去完成进行、将来完成进行、过去将来完成进行)和将来进行时(将来进行时、过去将来进行时)都没有被动语态,
求采纳,谢谢!
首先要知道,时态分为主动时态和被动时态,即:对应于一个主动时态,一定有一个对应的被动时态。
每一个时态都有其相应的被动语态,之所以传统的语法一般仅列出10个被动语态,是因为传统语法教教材和英语课堂很少提及,或者其自身就不确定。
下面给出完整的主动时态和被动时态表格如下:
向左转|向右转
上表为完整的20个主动时态的谓语时态形式
上表为完整的20个被动时态的谓语时态形式
无论是主动时态还是被动时态,上述表格所例举的时态在原版英文影视图书中都大量存在。
以上例出的每一时态的具体应用和例句请参考《英语思维:解密英语语法的原理》一书。
有被动语态的时态有:
1、一般现在时,被动语态:am / are / is + v.[pp.]
2、一般将来时,被动语态:will be + v.[pp.]
3、现在进行时,被动语态:am / are / is + being + v.[pp.]
4、一般过去时,被动语态:was / were + v.[pp.]
5、现在完成时,被动语态:have / has + been + v.[pp.]
6、过去完成时,被动语态:had been + v.[pp.]
7、过去进行时,被动语态:was / were + being + v.[pp.]
初中英语被动语态用法总结
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。下面我为大家分享初中英语被动语态知识,欢迎大家参考借鉴。
一、被动语态的构成形式
1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be+过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:
1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时
例:Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
2) has /have been done 现在完成时
例:All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时
例:A new cinema is being built here.
4) was/were done 一般过去时
例:I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5) had been done 过去完成时
例: By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6) was/were being done 过去进行时
例:A meeting was being held when I was there.
7) shall/will be done 一般将来时
例:Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8) should/would be done 过去将来时
例:The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)
例:The project will have been completed before July.
2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式
1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词+be+过去分词。
例:The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例:His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。
例:Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to。
例:Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
5) 有些相当于及物动词的`动词词组,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
3. 非谓语动词的被动语态
v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。
例I don't like being laughed at in the public.
二、 如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
例: My bike was stolen last night.
2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例:I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3. 为了更好地安排句子。
例:The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)
三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。
有:
It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道,It is believed that…大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is well known that…众所周知,It is thought that…大家认为,It is suggested that…据建议。
例:It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例: This kind of cloth washes well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:The door won't lock. (指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例: How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable
五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。
1. 在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例:The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例:The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。)
试比较:I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4.在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。
这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。
例:This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
5. 在too… to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例:This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在there be…句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。
例:There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁 lost time不明确。)
7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例: Who is to blame for starting the fire?
初中英语语法总结之被动语态知识点
下文是对被动的概念、构成、用法等的介绍,如果对被动语态还不够了解的话,请详细阅读下文。
一、概述
英语中有两种语态,主动和被动。
例如:Many people speak English. 谓语:speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的`承受者,即行为动作的对象。例如:English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子,而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。 例如:He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:am/is/are+taught
一般过去时:was/were+taught
一般将来时:will/shall(be going to) be+taught
现在进行时:am/is/are being+taught
过去进行时:was/were being+taught
现在完成时:have/has been+taught
过去完成时:had been +taught
过去将来时:would(was/were going to) be+taught
英语被动语态基本构成公式: be + 实义动词的过去分词。1、一般现在时:am/is/are+given2、一般过去时:was/were+given3、一般将来时:will/shall be+given4、过去将来时:would be+given5、现在进行时:am/is/are being+given6、过去进行时:was/were being+given7、现在完成时:has/have been+given8、过去完成时:had been+given9、将来完成时:will/shall have been+given英语中被动语态的构成不仅仅需要在实义动词前添加词语, 还需要 实义动词的参与:该实义动词要变成其过去分词的形式。提示: 只有实义动词中的及物动词才有被动语态的构成形式, 不及物动词没有被动语态的构成形成中文句中的动词不区分为谓语动词和非谓语动词, 但是英语句中的动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词的区分, 也因英语中的被动语态结构有两种形式: 谓语动词的被动语态和非谓语动词的被动语态。扩展资料1、am 、is、are 是be动词在一般现在时态下的三种变化形式;2、was、were是be动词在一般过去时态下的两种变化形式;3、"has/have + 动词过去分词"是现在完成时态的构成形式。被动语态的构成结构中一定要有助动词be和实义动词的过去分词,为了满足现在完成时态的构成要求,助动词变成过去分词(been),与has/have构成现在完成时态。同时be动词(此时已经变成过去分词been)与实义动词的过去分词构成被动语态,因此has/have been done既体现了现在完成时态的时态意义又表达出了被动意义,形成了现在完成完成时态的被动语态结构。
英语时态被动语态总结表格
首先要知道,时态分为主动时态和被动时态,即:对应于一个主动时态,一定有一个对应的被动时态。
每一个时态都有其相应的被动语态,之所以传统的语法一般仅列出10个被动语态,是因为传统语法教教材和英语课堂很少提及,或者其自身就不确定。
下面给出完整的主动时态和被动时态表格如下:
向左转|向右转
上表为完整的20个主动时态的谓语时态形式
上表为完整的20个被动时态的谓语时态形式
无论是主动时态还是被动时态,上述表格所例举的时态在原版英文影视图书中都大量存在。
以上例出的每一时态的具体应用和例句请参考《英语思维:解密英语语法的原理》一书。
谓语动词的时态和语态是语法学中的重要概念。时态表示动作发生的时间,语态表示主语和谓语之间的关系。下面是谓语动词的时态和语态的表格:
时态:
语态:
总之,时态和语态是谓语动词的重要概念,它们是表示动作发生时间和主语和谓语之间关系的工具。了解这些概念对于掌握语言和进行合理表达是非常重要的。
8种被动语态各种时态构成表: TENSE 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 be\do\does am\is\are+done 一般将来时 will+do will be +done 现在进行时 am\is\are+doing am\is\are+being+done 一般过去时 ①was\were ②did was\were+done 现在完成时 have\has+done have\has+been+done 过去完成时 had+done had+been+done 过去进行时 was\were+doing was\were+being+done 情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+done
主动语态有十六种,被动语态只有十种,因为完成进行时(现在完成进行、过去完成进行、将来完成进行、过去将来完成进行)和将来进行时(将来进行时、过去将来进行时)都没有被动语态,
英语初中时态被动语态
1、一般现在时 (1)一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的动作或状态或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态,常和副词usually,often,always sometimes, regularly,near,occasionally,every year, every week等连用。例如: 1)The moon moves round the earth.. (2)在由after,until,before,once,when,even if,in case,as long as,as soon as,the moment以及if,unless等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中,通常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如: 1)I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. (3)某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,这类动词有:be,go,come,start,depart,arrive,begin,leave等。例如: 1)The plane leaves at three sharp. (4)在由why,what,where,whoever,who,that,as等引导的从句中,也常用一般现在时代替将来时。例如: 1)Free tickets will be given to whoever comes first. 2.一般过去时 (1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如: We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如: 1)He always went to class last. 2)I used to do my homework in the library. (注意与be used to doing短语的区别) 3.一般将来时 1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如: I shall graduate next year. 2)几种替代形式: 1)be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如: I’m going to buy a house when we’ve saved enough money. 2)be to +v表示计划安排要做的事,具有“必要”的强制性意义。例如: I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3)be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如: He was about to start. 4)be due to +v表示预先确定了的事,必定发生的事。例如: The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5)be on the point/verge of +v – ing强调即将发生的某种事态。例如: The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home. 二、进行时态 1.现在进行时 (1)表示现在正在进行的动作,常与now,right now,at the mother,for the time being,for the present等连用。例如: Don’t disturb her. She is reading a newspaper now. (2)表示现阶段经常发生的动作,常与always,continually,forever,constantly等连用。例如: My father is forever criticizing me. (3)表示根据计划或安排在最近要进行的事情。具有这种语法功能的动词仅限于过渡性动词。即表示从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置上去的动词。常用的有:go,come,leave,start,arrive,return等。例如: They are leaving for Hong Kong next month. (4)有些动词不能用进行时,这是一类表示“感觉,感情,存在,从属”等的动词。如:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,look,appear,(表示感觉的词);hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive(表示感情的动词);be,exist,remain,stay,obtain(表示存在状态的动词);have,possess,own,contain,belong,consist of,form(表示占有与从属的动词);understand,know,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember(表示思考理解的动词)。但是如果它们词义改变,便也可用进行时态。例如: 1)Tom looks pale. What’s wrong with him? (look在此为联系动词,意为“显得,看上去”) 2)Tom is looking for his books. (look在此为实义动词,意为“寻找”) 2.过去进行时 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用。例如: 1)We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 2)Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk. 3.将来进行时 将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时刻开始,并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如: 1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening? 4.完成进行时 (现在、过去、将来)完成进行时是(现在、过去、将来)完成时的强调形式,将放在完成时态部分讲述。 三、完成时态 完成时态通常表示已完成或从事的动作。它可分为: 1.现在完成时 (1)现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,just连用),或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况(常与for,since连用)。例如: 1)I have just finished my homework. 2)Mary has been ill for three days. (2)常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:since, for, during, over等引导出的短语;副词already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等;状语词组this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如: 1)I haven’t been there for five years. 2)So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation. 3)There have been a lot of changes since 1978. (3)完成时态可用在下列结构中: This (That, It) is (was) the first (second…) time +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如: (1)This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting. (2)There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening. 2.过去完成时 (1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如: 1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. (2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如: I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away. 另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是: 1)was / were + to have done sth,例如: We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn’t. 2)intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, desired) + to have done sth,例如: I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. (3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型: 1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如: Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如: No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. 3)by (the end of ) +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如: The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon. 3.将来完成时 将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作;也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有:by (the time / the end of ) +表示将来时间的短语和句子;before (the end of ) +表示将来时间的词语或句子;when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如: 1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. 2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 o’clock. 3)When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left. 4.完成进行时 完成进行时是完成时的强调形式,有现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成进行时。 (1)现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如: I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven’t found it. (2)过去完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如: It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places. (3)将来完成进行时表示在将来某一时刻之前开始的一个动作或状态一直延续到将来某一时刻。例如: By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours. 四:时态一致 时态一致是英语四、六级考试的一个重要内容。通常应由主句谓语的时态决定从句的谓语时态。一般原则是: 1、当主句谓语使用现在时或将来时,从句的谓语根据具体情况使用任何时态 He says that he lives in Wuhan. We hope that there will be many people at your party today. “Did you hear that Bill finally sold the house?” “Yes, but I don’t know who bought it.” “There’s a lot of excitement on the street.” “There certainly is. Do you suppose the astronauts have returned?” 2、当主句谓语使用过去时的时候,从句的谓语必须使用过去范围的时态 He said he was writing a novel. The teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment. He said his father had been an engineer. 3、当从句是表示没有时间概念的真理时,从句的谓语应使用一般现在时。例如: The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder. 注:在此种情况下,即使主句谓语用了过去式的各种时态,从句谓语也应用一般现在时。 4、从句谓语只能用虚拟语气的情况 利用时态一致原则确定从句动词时态时,还应注意,若主语动词是表示命令、请求、要求、建议、劝告等的动词,从句谓语只能用虚拟语气,不能遵循时态一致原则。例如: We insisted that we do it ourselves. 动词的语态 语态也是动词的一种形式,英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 1)We use electricity to run machines. (主动语态) 2)Electricity is used to run machines. (被动语态) 1.不能用于被动语态的动词和短语 (1)在英语中,不及物动词不能用于被动语态,但有些不及物动词(包括短语)容易引起误用。如:appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。 (2)某些表示状态或特征的及物动词,如:become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也没有被动语态。 2.被动语态的时态形式 常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种时态形式。 表1 时?SPAN lang=EN-US> 一般时 进行时 完成时 现在 am asked am being asked is asked is being asked are asked are being asked 过去 was be asked was being asked were be asked were being asked 将来 shall be asked shall have been asked will be asked will have been asked 过去 should be asked should have been asked 将来 would be asked would have been asked 3.短语动词的被动语态 短语动词转换为被动语态时,通常被看作是一个动词,后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如: 1)So far no correct conclusion has arrived at. 2)All the rubbish should be got rid of. 4.“get + -ed分词”的被动语态 “get + -ed分词”结构强调动作的结果,而非动作本身,常用来表示突发性的,出乎意料的偶然事件。例如: The boy got hurt on his way home from work. 另外,“get + -ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事,是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如: get dressed(穿衣服) get divorced(离婚) get engaged(订婚) get confused(迷惑不解) get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸) get married(结婚) 5.能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态 (1)能带两个宾语的动词改为被动语态时,一次只能由一个宾语作主语,另一个宾语被保留下来。例如: 1)We showed the visitors our new products.(主动语态) 2)The visitors were shown our new products.(被动语态) 3)Our new products were shown to the visitors.(被动语态) (2)能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时,原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如: 1)The teacher appointed him League secretary.(主动语态) 2)He was appointed League secretary.(被动语态) 6.被动语态与系表结构的区别 (1)The novel was well written.(系表结构) (2)The novel was written by Diskens.(被动语态) 7.少数动词的主动语态有时有被动的意思 例1:The book is selling remarkably well. 例2:The song sounds very beautiful. 能这样用的动词还有read(读起来),clean(擦起来),wash(洗起来),write(写起来)。 例3:My watch needs cleaning. (= My watch needs to be cleaned). 能像need这样用的动词还有:want, require, deserve, do, owe, bind等。 例4:The meat is cooking. 例5:The book written by the professor is printing.在英语中被动语态分时态,我给你举些例子: (1)一般现在时:This song is often sung by children.孩子们常唱这首歌. (2)一般过去时:This house was built in 1958.这房子建于1958年. (3)一般将来时:Many buildings will be built in my home town.在我的家乡,许多大楼将要建成. (4)过去将来时:The old scientist said that he would be invited to vist their country before long.那位老科学家说不久他将应邀访问他们的国家. (5)现在进行时:The proposal is being considered now.正在考虑这个提案. (6)过去进行时:Mr Wu was in hospital .When we went to see him,he was being operated on.吴先生住院了.我们去看他时,他正在动手术. (7)现在完成时:Have the letters been posted ?信已经寄出去了吗? (8)过去完成时:He came and told us that the work had been finished.他来告诉我们,工作已经完成. (9)将来完成时:By the end of this year,the tall building will have been built.到今年年底,这幢高楼将建成. (10)过去将来时:The boy told mother that his homework have been finished by ten o'clock.男孩告诉妈妈到10:00他将做完作业.
英语被动语态基本构成公式: be + 实义动词的过去分词。1、一般现在时:am/is/are+given2、一般过去时:was/were+given3、一般将来时:will/shall be+given4、过去将来时:would be+given5、现在进行时:am/is/are being+given6、过去进行时:was/were being+given7、现在完成时:has/have been+given8、过去完成时:had been+given9、将来完成时:will/shall have been+given英语中被动语态的构成不仅仅需要在实义动词前添加词语, 还需要 实义动词的参与:该实义动词要变成其过去分词的形式。提示: 只有实义动词中的及物动词才有被动语态的构成形式, 不及物动词没有被动语态的构成形成中文句中的动词不区分为谓语动词和非谓语动词, 但是英语句中的动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词的区分, 也因英语中的被动语态结构有两种形式: 谓语动词的被动语态和非谓语动词的被动语态。扩展资料1、am 、is、are 是be动词在一般现在时态下的三种变化形式;2、was、were是be动词在一般过去时态下的两种变化形式;3、"has/have + 动词过去分词"是现在完成时态的构成形式。被动语态的构成结构中一定要有助动词be和实义动词的过去分词,为了满足现在完成时态的构成要求,助动词变成过去分词(been),与has/have构成现在完成时态。同时be动词(此时已经变成过去分词been)与实义动词的过去分词构成被动语态,因此has/have been done既体现了现在完成时态的时态意义又表达出了被动意义,形成了现在完成完成时态的被动语态结构。
现在完成时 现在进行时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 一般现在时I)被动语态的概念 语态也是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的关系.英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态People .被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,. (II)被动语态的构成 被动语态的形式是由“助动词be动词的过去分词”构成.助动词be随着主语的人称,数,时态和语气的不同而变化.各种时态的被动语态形式如下: 1. 注:Get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态,用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身.如: the man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了. )被动语态的几种句型 1.将主动语态中的宾语转换成被动语态的主语. 2.将主动语态中的动词改为“be+V()” 3.原来主动语态中的主语,如果需要,放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现,如没必要,可以省略. 4.主动语态中的其他句子成分不变. 由于主动语态结构的不同,因而转换成被动语态的方式也各有不同,现分类说明如下: a.由及物动词形成的被动语态: (1)S+V+O 主语+动词+宾语语法学习纲要由江苏省靖江高级中学外语组为英语猫网站编写 People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown in the south. 注:带有宾语从句的句子转换成被动语态时,需要将宾语从句变为主语从句,通常用形式主语来代替,而将主语从句后置. They said that he would e back soon. It was said that he would e back soon.类似的还有: It is reported / believed /hoped /supposed that …… (2)S+V+O+C 主语+动词+宾语+宾补 We elected Li Ming monitor of our class. Li Ming was elected monitor of our class. 注:在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补变为被动结构时应加上to作主语补足语. 奴隶们被奴隶主强迫整日整夜工作.Slave-owners made slaves work all day and all night. Slaves were made to work all day and all night by slave-owners. (3)S+V+Oi+Od 主语+动词+间宾+直宾 语法学习纲要由江苏省靖江高级中学外语组为英语猫网站编写 昨天他给了我一件漂亮的生日卡.He gave me a beautiful birthday card yesterday. I was given a beautiful birthday card yesterday. A beautiful birthday card was given to me yesterday. 注:用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时,通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词.如:to, for, of等,以加强间接宾语的语气. b.由动词短语形成的被动语态: 一般情况下,只有及物动词才能跟宾语,而不及物动词不能跟宾语,所以只有及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词则没有被动语态.但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后,变成一个动词短语,相当于一个及物动词,就可以形成被动语态. 约翰打开了收音机.John turned on the radio. The radio was turned on. . 注:千万不要遗漏介词或副词. c.祈使句的被动语态通常借助let句式 请把窗户关上.Please close the window. Let the window be closed. (IV)被动语态的使用时机 语法学习纲要由江苏省中学外语组为英语猫网站编写 被动语态的使用往往不是任意的,而是按照表达思想,描述事物的需要,通常在下列情况下使用被动语态. 1.不知道或不必说出动作的执行者. 这本书已被翻译成许多种语言.This book has been translated into many languages. 2.动作的对象是谈话的中心. 我们家乡将建一条新铁路.A new railway will be built in our hometown. 3.修辞的需要,为了使句子更加简练匀称: 他出现在舞台上受到了观众的热烈欢迎.He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 被动语态便于论述客观事实,故常用于科技文章,新闻报道,书刊介绍及景物描写. 【特别提醒】 有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,但改为被动结构后要加上“to”.例如 We heard him sing in his room just now. ---He was heard to sing in his room just now. 刚才听到他在房间中唱歌. 一、 被动语态的用法: 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard by my mother. Knives are used for cutting things. 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted. 二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态? 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤: 1. 先找出谓语动词; 2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语; 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语; 4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化. 例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far. 4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now. 6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.