上英语展示课的基本用语
公开课全英文上课必备口语如下:
Beginning a class ( 开始上课)
1. Let's start class. =It's time for class. 上课
2. Hello, boys and girls / children.同学们好
3. Good morning /afternoon, boys and girls / teacher/同学们/老师们,早晨好/下午好
In Class ( 课堂上)
's begin a new lesson. 我们开始学新课.
14. We'll learn something new. 我们讲学新知识.
15. Let's learn some new words/ sentences. 咱们学些新单词/句子
16. Let's review what we learned yesterday.咱们复习一下昨天学过的内容.
17. Ready? Are you ready? 准备好了吗?
中学英语教师资格证试讲常用课堂用语 一、打招呼(Greetings)、导入环节 老师学会主动与学生打招呼,是老师了解学生的方式之一。也是拉近师生关系的基本交流方式。这样的交流方式,容易增添学生对老师的好感,让学生愿意敞开心扉和老师交流。A good beginning makes a good ending. 一个好的开端能够为老师教学奠定良好的基础。 参考用语: Good morning/afternoon, class./boys and girls. It's so nice/I'm so happy to see you again. Good , you look great/ wonderful today. How's it going? How are you (today)? You look so happy, any good news? It’s time for class. OK, class/ boys and girls , are you ready to have class/begin? Let’s begin/begin our lesson. Stand up, please! Are you all well this morning? Well, did you have a good weekend? Did you enjoy the holiday? Well, what did you do yesterday evening? Tell me what you did at the weekend? 二、指示 /课堂教学(Direction/Teaching) 在组织课堂教学时,教师使用的指示语和演示语要避免过长和含糊不清,要力求简洁、清晰并且和蔼、可亲,避免过于生硬。例如: Now class/ boys and class, class begins. Today, we're going to learn … Now, open your books, please. Turn to page ... Now, class/ boys and girls/ children, please look at the blackboard/picture/your books/ page five. Please read the … together. One, two, three, go! Now, let's sing the song… together. Now, let's enjoy the song from the tape. Well, let's go on. Please look at page … This time, you do it one by one. Now, listen to the tape. Now, listen to me, please. Now, I'll read the …, please follow me. Now class/ boys and girls/ children , read after me/ the tape. Follow me, please. Just follow me, class . Yes, please. (To answer “ Let me try or let me answer the question ”) Please show me how well you can do/ read it. Speak louder, please. Once again, but louder, please. Again, Slowly. One more time. Come to the front, please. / … please come to the front . Thank you. Thank you. Please go back to your seat. Thank you. You can go back now. It's your turn, Sue. OK, class/ boys and girls/ children , please stand up. Please sit down. Please do it now. OK, go! Please work in pairs/ in groups/ individually/ by yourselves. Now, class/ boys and girls/ children, write/put the Chinese/English under/next to each word/picture. Now, let's do the exercise. Now, class/ boys and girls/ children, find a partner and role-play the conversation. Work with your partner and answer the questions. OK, class/ boys and girls/ children, time is up. Please stop working/ talking now. Please stop here. Now, break time. Let's have/ take a break. Good class/ boys and girls/ children, be quite, please. Now class/ boys and girls/ children, here's your homework. Please do … and … Don't forget your homework. It's … on page …, …on page… Just listen, Don't repeat. Listen with your books closed. Listen carefully and do what I say. Listen to my question first. Say it with me. How do you spell "flower"? Look at the picture and tell me what you see. What do you call this in English? What does ... mean? What's the opposite of "happy"? Read it silently. Let's do a role play. Who wants to be Mr. Green? Do you want to be Mary or Mark? Let's read the text aloud. Write it on the blackboard. Copy the new words. Take out a piece of paper, please. Take out your book(s). One card for each group. Can you share with Jack, please? You may look at your book this time. Has everybody got a copy? Can you find the right page? Do you know where we are? Turn back to page 21. Do you understand? Do you know what to do? Any questions/ problems? Is everything clear? Are there any questions? 三、组织课堂活动(Organizing classroom activities) Now, let's play a game. Today, we are going to play a new game. This time, we're going to do a guessing/ counting/ spelling game. Let's act out our play! Let's sing a song. First, let's just listen to the tune. Sing along with the tape. Do it yourself. Work on your own. Find a friend / partner. Work (together) with your friend/ partner. Work in pairs. Do it in pairs. You two work together. Henry, turn around and work with Mary. Has everybody got a partner? Get together in groups. Work in groups. Work in groups of four. Let's do some group work. Let's make two teams. Now, I'm going to divide you into three groups. Let's start/ begin! One, two, three, go! Ready? Go! You have two minutes. Finish it in one minute. One more minute. Let's do it all together. Whose turn is it? Let's move to the next one. Who hasn't got a chance? Finished? Let's stop here. It's time to stop. Time's up. Any volunteers? Anyone else? Does anyone know the answer? Could somebody tell me the answer? Who'd like to try first? Who wants to be the teacher? Who can tell me the answer? Who wants to go first? Could you come to the front? 四、反馈语(The feedback language) 反馈语是课堂教学活动的重要组成部分,是教师评价和评估学生课堂表现的重要手段,也是推动教学活动进展的有效方法。对学生英语学习的评价现在提倡多种方式和多元化。这其中反馈语是教师对学生课堂表现的一种评价方式。教师要注意树立评价意识。不仅要对学生课堂上的学习表现给予评价,对学生情感、态度的表现都应通过评价给予鼓励,达到激励学生的目的。 在使用语言行为评价时教师要注意语气和目光的注视,使学生对老师的表扬和肯定感到真切。 反馈语可分为肯定式评语、参与式评语和启发式纠错。 (1)肯定式评语 教师在使用肯定式评语对学生的课堂表现进行肯定和表扬时,一定要让学生感到老师是在由衷地夸奖他。要避免敷衍和流于形式。不要滥用‘Good’。有的老师过多地单一使用 ‘Good’ 评价学生的表现,很难使学生从中受到激励,激发学习的积极性。 参考用语: Not bad. Thank you. (I'm sure you can do better next time.) Good!Thank you. (I could see you've practiced a lot.) Good boy/ girl . That's a good answer. Thank you. Quite good! (I really appreciate your effort.) Very good!(I really enjoy it.) Great! (You did a good job.) Excellent! (Let's give him/her a big hand!) Wonderful!(I'm so proud of you.) Well done! (Good boy/girl.) Your answer is very good! (I admire your work.) Nice going! (You make a great progress.) 对学生有创意的、创新的思维火花及灵感,发言中的闪光点的肯定,可以使用以下的用语: What a bright idea! Thank you. That's a great answer. (I really like it.) You did a good job! (We're so proud of you!) Good point! (I really enjoy it.) Good job! (I'm very pleased with your work.) Smart! (What an adorable baby!) Perfect! (You're very professional.) You are such a smart boy/girl! You got sharp eyes/ears. I couldn't believe my ears! Brilliant! Terrific! Excellent! Amazing! Fantastic! Marvelous! You've done it much better this time. You've made a lot of progress. You've progressed a lot. You've improved a lot. I hope you will do better next time. Take it easy. Don't worry, It doesn't matter. Don't be shy. Don't be afraid of making mistakes. That's OK, No one is perfect. Take a guess if you don't know. You can do it. Come on! Have a try. Take your time, Try it one more time. (2)参与式评语 在采用学生之间互相评价的手段时,教师要注意不要拿学生跟别人比,要拿学生同他自己比。教师可以说:同学们说某某同学说得好不好呀?进步大不大呀? 在让学生参加评价时可以使用疑问和反意疑问句: Is it good? Isn't it a good answer? Do you like his/her answer/reading? Did he/she do a good job? That's a fantastic answer, isn't it? He/she did an excellent job, didn't he/she? (3) 启发式纠错 当学生犯错误时,教师要避免使用否定的评价语言,要给他们可能获得成功的机会,鼓励他们,保护他们的学习积极性。 如: That's very close. Go on! It's almost right. Try again, please. Come on! Think it over. I'm sure you can do it. I'm sure you can do it if you really try. (See? You did it really well.) Sorry, I'm sure you can do it better next time. I'm sorry. Would you like a second try? /Would you like to try again? Not bad. Go on, please. Come on, It's very close. It doesn't matter. I'm sure you can do it better next time. (4)非语言评价及策略 非语言评价—既运用手势,表情(眼神、面容、微笑)及其他肢体动作语言(body language) 来对学生的学习进行的评价。在使用语言行为评价方式的同时注意非语言评价方式的使用可以加强评价效果。 方式和策略: ① 微笑加语言。 ② 用力点头---是一种肯定。 ③ 惊讶的表情 + 可表示赞赏。 ④ 竖起大拇指,可表示一种高度的赞赏。增强自信心,获得成就感。 ⑤鼓掌---当学生任务完成得出色时,教师可鼓掌表示赞扬。也可以号召学生一起鼓掌。掌声可以使人产生成就感,增强自信心。 五、课堂结束语(Saying goodbye) 课堂教学结束时教师需向学生宣布,并向学生道别。 OK, class/ boys and girls, that's all for today. I'll see you next time. Let's call it a day today. I'll see you the day after tomorrow. Alright class/ boys and girls/ children. We'll stop here today. We'll end up the class now. Class is over. Have a good weekend! Have a nice day/ weekend/ vacation! Wish you a good weekend.
课堂用语
课堂用语1.上课(Beginning a class)(1)Let’s start now./Let’s begin our class/lesson.(2)Stand up,please.(3)Sit down,Pease.2.问候(Greeting)(4)Hello,boys and girls/children.(5)Good morning,class/everyone/everybody/children/boys and girls.(6)Good afternoon,class/everyone/everybody/children/boys and girls. (7)How are you today?3.考勤(Checking attendance)(8)Who’s on duty today?/Who’s helping this morning/today?(9)Is everyone/everybody here/present?(10)Is anyone away?/Is anybody away?(11)Is anyone absent?/Is anybody absent?(12)Who’s absent?/Who’s away?(13)Where is he/she?(14)Try to be on time./Don’t be late next time.(15)Go back to your seat,please.(16)What day is it today?(17)What’s the date today?(18)What’s the weather like today?(19)What’s it like outside?4.宣布(Announcing)(20)Let’s start working./Let’s begin/start a new lesson./Let’s begin/start our lesson.(21)First,let’s review/do some review.(22)What did we learn In the last lesson?(23)Who can tell/remember what we did In the last lesson/ yesterday?(24)Now we’re going to do something new/different./Now let’s learn something new.(25)We have some now words/sentences.5.提起注意(Directing attention)(26)Ready?/Are you ready?(27)Did you get there?/Do you understand?(28)Is that clear?(29)Any volunteers?(30)Do you know what to do?(31)Be quiet,please./Quiet,please.(32)Listen,please.(33)Listen carefully,please.(34)Listen to the tape recorder/the recording.(35)Look carefully,please.(36)Look over here.(37)Watch carefully.(38)Are your watching?(39)Please look at the black-board/picture/map…(40)Pay attention to your spelling/pronunciation.6.课堂活动(Classroom activities)(41)Start!/Start now.(42)Everybody together./All together.(43)Practise in a group./Practise In groups/In groups,please.(44)Get into groups of three/four…(45)Every body find a partner/friend.(46)In pairs,please.(47)One at a time./Let’s do It one by one.(48)Now you,please./Your turn(Students name).(49)Next,please.Now you do the same,please.(50)Let’s act./Let’s act out/do the dialogue.(51)Who wants to be A?(52)Practise the dialogue,please.(53)Now Tom will be A,and the other half will be B.(54)Please take(play)the part of…(55)Whose turn is It?(56)It’s your turn.(57)Wait your turn,please.(58)Stand inline./Line up.(59)One by one./One at a time,please.(60)In twos./In pairs.(61)Don’t speak out.(62)Turn around.7.请求(Request)(63)Could you please try It again?(64)Could you please try the next one?(65)Will you please help me?8.鼓励(Encouraging)(66)Can you try?(67)Try,please.(68)Try your best./Do your best.(69)Think it over and try again.(70)Don’t be afraid/shy.9.指令(Issuing a command)(7)Say/Read after me,please.(72)Follow me,please.(73)Do what do.(7)Repeat,please./Repeat after me.(75)Once more,please./One more time,please.(7)Come here,please.(77)Please come to the front./Come up and write on the blackboard/chalkboard.(78)Come and write It on the blackboard.(79)Please go back to your seat.(80)In English,please.(81)Put your hand up,please.Raise your hand,please.(82)Put your hands down,please./Hands down,please.(83)Say it/Write it in Chinese/English.(84)Please take out your books.(85)Please open your books at page…/Find page…/Turn to Page…(86)Please answer the question/questions./Please answer my qllllst1On(s).(87)Please read this letter/word/sentence out loud./Please readout this letter/word/sentence.(88)Please stop now./Stop now,please./Stop here,please.(89)Clean up your desk/the classroom,please.(90)It’s clean-up time./Tidy up your desk/the classroom.(91)Put your things away./Clean off your desk./Pick up the scraps·(92)Clean the blackboard.(93)Plug in the tape-recorder,please.(94)Put the tape-recorder away.(95)Put the tap,In it’s box/cassette.(96)Listen and repeat.(97)Look and listen.(98)Repeat after me.(99)Follow the words.(100)Fast./Quickly!/Be quick,please.(101)Hurry!/Hurry up,please.(102)Slow down,please.(10)Slowly.(104)Bring me some chalk,please.10.禁止和警告(Prohibition and warning)(105)Stop talking./Stop talking now,please.(106)Don’t talk./Everybody quiet,please.(107)Don’t be silly.(108)Settle down.11.评价(109)Good,thank you.( 10)Good/Very good./God job./Good work./Good example.(111)A good answer./Nice work.(112)Excellent./Great!/Well done./Very good./I like the way you(13)That’s Interesting!(114)Don’t worry about It./No problem.(115)OK!/That’s OK.(116)I don’t think so.(117)That’s not quite right,any other answers?/That’s close/That’s almost right.(118)Not quite,can anyone help him/her?/try again.(119)A good try.12.布置作业(Setting homework)(120)For today’s homework…(121)Practise after class./Practise at home.(122)Say it out loud,before you write It down.(123)Copy/Print/Write each word twice.(124)Remember(Memorize)these words/sentences.(125)Learn these words/these sentences/this text by heart.(126)Do your homework./Do the next lesson./Do the new work.13.下课(Dismissing the class)(127)Hand in your workbooks,please.(128)Time is up.(129)The bell is ringing.(130)There’s the bell.(131)There goes the bell.(132)Let’s stop here.(133)That’s all for today.(134)Class is over. (135)Good bye./Bye./See you next time. 够了不?
七年级上册英语课本展示
可以到21世纪教育网上去下载
七年级的英语并不是很难,但是要从基开始学习。我为大家整理的仁爱版七年级上册英语课件,希望大家喜欢。
一、教材分析:
这一话题进一步谈论人的相貌特征,从谈论头发、眼睛的色彩,到服装的色彩进而谈到各种色彩。而本Section主要让学生了解并掌握12种不同的颜色,会用What color is…? / What color are …? 这一句型和同伴进行交谈,能谈论头发、眼睛的色彩。
二、教学目标:
语言知识目标:
1.(1) Learn some words about the colors:
black, blue, brown, pink, white, purple, red, green, yellow.
(2) Learn some other useful words and expressions:
look the same, both, color, their.
2. (1) Continue to talk about the people’s appearances:
① We both have black hair and black eyes.
② I have blond hair and blue eyes.
③ short black hair, long blond hair.
(2) Talk about the colors:
① —What color is it? —It is pink.
② —What color is his hair? —It is black.
③ —What color are his eyes? —They are brown.
语言技能目标:
能听懂并识别各种不同的颜色,并能用英语描述各种颜色。
情感态度目标:
通过学习不同的色彩,培养学生热爱生活、热爱美的情感,并培养他们的观察能力和概括能力。
学习策略目标:
本Section主要谈论色彩,在教学时联系学生的实际,利用他们身边的实物等进行描述。从而让学生形成把学习和生活实际联系起来的学习习惯,培养任务型学习方法与技巧。
三、教学重、难点:
1a and 3
四、教学方法 :
任务型教学法、自主探究法、小组讨论法。体现“导学——自悟”新课程教学模式的套路和特色。
五、课时安排:
1课时
六、教具准备:
录音机、课件、实物、图片
七、教学过 程:
第一步:营造课堂氛围,激发学生学习兴趣。
1. Sing the song with motions: Head and Shoulders, legs and Feet.
2. Greetings between the students and me.
第二步:复习(幻灯片3、4)
1. Review some new words with cards.(单词竞赛)
2. (One by one练习,对Does she/he have…?句型进行复习) Example:
T: Does she have long hair?
S1: Yes, she does. Does he have short hair?
S2: No, he doesn’t. Does she have a big nose? Etc.
3. (1)(拿出彩笔,通过师生互动来学习新句型。)
T: OK. Now look here, I bring some pens today. They have different colors.
(呈现出一支白色的笔)
T: What color is it? (学生第一次不懂,马上用汉语解释,学生此时也会用汉语回答:白色。然后我再用英语重复。)
T: Yes. It’s white. (再次对同样的笔重复提问。)
T: What color is it? Ss: It’s white.
(然后呈现不同颜色的彩笔。)
T: Good. What color is it? Ss: 红色。
T: Yes. It’s red. What color is it? Ss: It’s red.
(板书新句型和新单词。领读,并让学生熟读。)
What color is it?
It’s white/ black / blue / brown / gray / pink / purple / red / green / yellow / orange.
(2) (句型与单词读完后,把全班分成男女两大组,根据我所指的图片进行问答。)(幻灯片5、6)
T: Boys and girls, listen carefully. Boys ask and girls answer. Example:
Boys: What color is it? Girls: It’s black.
T: Change please. Girls ask and boys answer this time.
Girls: What color is it? Boys: It’s red.
4. Let students look at the picture. Ask and answer in pairs. (幻灯片7)
第三步:操练
用幻灯片展示各国国旗,学生看着国旗进行四人小组活动:讨论各国旗的颜色及所属国家。巩固 What color is …? It is … .这一句型及对颜色的识别。(完成4a)(幻灯片8)
第四步:呈现
1. (挂出1a的图片进行问答。)
T: Now look here. Who is this boy? Ss: He is Michael.
T: Does he have long hair? Ss: No, he doesn’t.
T: What colcor is it? Ss: It’s yellow.
T: Yes, he has yellow hair. What colcor are his eyes? Ss: They are blue.
2. T: Good. Now please look, listen and answer my questions. (幻灯片9、10)
①T: Who is that boy? Ss: He is Yukio.
②T: Where is he from? Ss: He is from Japan.
③T: Does he have black hair and blue eyes?
Ss: No, he doesn’t. He has black hair and black eyes.
T: Well done! Now look at the blackboard and pay attention to the sentences.
That’s right.
We both have black hair and black eyes.
We have different looks.
3. Read 1a. Find out the difficult and stress: look the same, both.
第五步:巩固
1. T: Listen to 1a and repeat, then act it out in pairs.
2. T: Work alone: Finish 1b according to 1a.
(师生互动问答,巩固新句型和新单词。)
T: Where is Yukio from? Ss: He’s from Japan.
T: What color is his hair? Ss: It’s black.
T: What color are his eyes? Ss: They are black.
3. T: Finish 2. Draw pictures and then color them. Then look at the pictures in 2 and talk about them. Example: What color is his hair? It’s black.. What color are his eyes? They are brown. (幻灯片11)
第六步:练习 (幻灯片11)
1. T: Now look at the pictures in 4b. Here are some people. They have different looks. Let’s talk about them together. Let’s begin with Picture 1.
T: What color is his hair? Ss: It’s black.
T: What color are his eyes? Ss: They are brown.
T: Very good.
(以同样的方式练习Picture 2, Picture 3和Picture 4。)
2. (把全班同学分成两大组,进行问答操练。)
T: Now Group 1 and Group 2 ask, Group 3 and Group 4 answer. Then exchange the roles.
G1、2: What color is his hair? G3、4: It is black. Etc.
3. T: Let me check your homework.(检查学生“预习导纲”完成情况,给任务完成好的小组加分。)
第七步:综合探究活动
1. 让学生在纸上分别画一幅人物头部画,然后根据我的描述给画中的人头涂颜色。Example:
Color his / her nose red. Color his / her eyes blue. Color his / her ears yellow. Etc.
2. 让学生用本节课所学知识将自己手中涂好颜色的人物头部画介绍给同学。(两人小组活动)Example:
This is my friend. His/ Her name is … .His / Her nose is … . His / Her eyes are … Etc.
3. Sum up
(1) The key points in this lesson.
(2) The competition result.
4. Homework:
(1) Review the words of the colors.
(2) Make a similar dialog according to Section A 1a.
(3) Find how many colors in our classroom.
(4) Preview Section B(见Section B预习导纲)
【教学思路】
先复习Topic1的见面问候语,接着导入“excuse me”, “What’s your name?” 和“My name is----- ”,呈现“I’m from---”, “Are you from---”and “Where are you from?”,巩固1a和1b, 练习2a和2b,小结,最后布置家庭作业。
【教材分析】
本教材以学生为中心,倡导语言教学的交互性和实用性。它为学生提供了自然而有意义的语言环境。教材提供的对话不是让学生机械地背诵,而是将其作为学生进行活动的范例,学生在活动中要根据语言使用的情况进行改编,从而培养学生的语言运用能力。
本节课内容以介绍为中心,了解他人信息,如姓名、国籍等。
【教学对象分析】
由于我们学校在城镇的边缘地带(农村),学习成绩好点的大多数到城里就读了。留下的大多数要么不爱学习,要么基础差,整个英语学习氛围差。对习惯汉语交流的初中生来说,面对新教材感到很不适应,难以进入学习角色,觉得学习任务重、负担重。特别是对一些需要强化记忆的英语学习内容,如单词记忆和短文背诵等,学生会感到枯燥无味,虽硬着头皮去学,但效果往往比较差。
I. Teaching aims and demands
●Learn some personal pronouns and possessive pronouns:
me, your, she, he,
●Learn some country names:
Canada, the , Japan.
●Learn other new words and phrases:
excuse, excuse me, what, name, where, from, be from, the
●Talk about people’s names and where they are from:
(1)—Excuse me, are you Jane?
—Yes, I am.
(2)—What’s your name?
—My name is Sally.
(3)—Where are you from?
—I’m from Canada.
(4)—Is he/she …?
—Yes, he/she is./No, he/she isn’t.
Ⅱ. Teaching aids
A projector, a recorder
Ⅲ. Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Review(8mins)
Review greetings in Topic 1 by making conversations
1. (T: Good morning, everyone! Before learning the new lesson, I will ask a new student(Zhang Lu) to introduce herself. Then choose one student to greet the new comer and introduce the classmates to her .)
Model:
S1:Good morning! I am Zhang Lu. Nice to meet you. (To the whole class)
Ss: Nice to meet you., too.
S2:Hi, Zhang Lu. I’m Wang Qiaoli. Nice to meet you.
S1: Hi, Wang Qiaoli. Nice to meet you., too.
S2: Zhang Lu, this is Shen Cui. Shen Cui, this is Zhang Lu.
(T: Good! Come back to your seat. Thank you!)
2. The teacher stands beside a student, asking the questions to lead to “excuse me”.
Model:
T: Excuse me, are you Li Fen?
S1: Yes, I am. (Write down “Excuse me” on the blackboard)
Then the teacher stands beside another student, asking the questions with “excuse me”.
T: Excuse me, are you Zou Lei?
S2: No, I am not. I am Li Jun.
Let Ss practice the patterns over and over again, understand and grasp the meaning of Excuse me
Step 2 Presentation(10mins)
1. (T: Now, I will introduce myself.) Lead to “My name is----- ” and “What’s your name?”
T: My name is Huang Xiaohong. What’s your name?(Write it down on the blackboard)
S: My name is Zheng Qinhui. (Write it down on the blackboard)
(T: Please read after me together.)
2. (T: OK, please look at the screen.)The teacher makes self-introduction with different names by showing different pictures. Lead to sentence pattern of “I’m from--”(showing flashcards)For example:
Picture1
T: My name is Jane. I’m from Canada. (Show Jane’s picture)
Picture2
T: My name is Sally. I’m from the . (Show Sally’s picture)
Picture3
T: My name is Yukio. I’m from Japan . (Show Yukio’s picture)
Use this way repeatedly to consolidate and master the structure of “I’m from---”,and write it down on the blackboard.
(T: Please read after me together.)
Ask students to learn and master the new words : Canada, the ., Japan.
3. Ask and answer between the teacher and students. Lead to “Are you from---”and “Where are you from?”
Model:
T: Are you from Canada?
S1:No,I’m not..
T: Where are you from? (Write it down on the blackboard)
S1:I’m from China.
Ask more students to help them understand the structure better.
(T: Please read after me together.)
Step 3 Consolidation(10mins)
1. (T: Now let’s listen to 1a and answer the following questions. But you only listen without looking at the book.. Are you ready?)
(1) Where is Jane from?(Teacher translates.)
(2)Where is Sally from? ( Teacher translates.)
Tape script
Sally: Excuse me, are you Jane?
Jane: Yes, I am. What’s your name?
Sally: My name is Sally. Where are you from?
Jane: I’m from Canada. Are you from Canada, too?
Sally: No, I’m not. I’m from the .
2. (T: Open your books and turn to page to 1a again and follow it.. Imitate the pronunciation and intonation.)
3. (T:OK,I will divide the whole class into two groups of boys and girls to read are Sally and girls are Jane .One ,two, Exchange!)
4. Finish the flashcards in 1b.
T: Now ,please make your own conversations in pairs according to 1a,using “What’s----?”and “Where-----?. I will choose some pairs to act them out .
You can practice like this:
S1:What’s your name?
S2: My name is---
S1:Where are you from?
S2: I’m from---
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外研版初中英语七年级英语上册电子课本
上英语课基本用语
1. Let’s start class. =It’s time for class. 上课2. Hello, boys and girls / children.同学们好3. Good morning /afternoon, boys and girls / teacher 同学们/老师们,早晨好/下午好4.Stand up / Sit down, please. 起立/请坐5. Who is on duty today? 今天谁值日?6. Is everyone / everybody here / present? 大家都出席了吗?7. Is anyone anybody absent? 有人缺席吗?8. Who’s absent? 谁没来?9. Let’s begin our class. 咱们上课吧.10. We’ll start / begin a new lesson today.今天我们讲学习新课.11. What day is it today? 今天星期几?12. What’s the weather like today? 今天的天气怎么样?
一、问候用语 1.Good morning/good afternoon/Hello/Hi,class/everyone/boys and girls!同学们,上午/下午好! 2.Nice to meet/see you.很高兴见到你们Nice to see/meet you again/It’s nice to see you again.很高兴再次见到你们! 3.Is everyone here?都到齐了吗? 4.Who’s absent today?今天谁没来? 二、组织课堂用语 三、下课,告别用语 1.Now let’s begin our class./class begins上课. 2.Stand up,please.起立!3.Sit down,please.坐下!4.Be quiet!安静! 5.Silence,please.安静!6.Sit up/well.做好!7.One,two,three,go/start!一、二、三开始 8.Ready?准备好了吗?9..Quickly!快!10.Hurry up!赶快! 11.Too slowly!太慢了!12.Loudly!高一些!13.Look at the blackboard/your books.看黑板/书!14.Look at me/her/him.看我/她/他 15.Come to the front,please.请到前面来.16.Come to the blackboard,please.到黑板这里来.17.Go back to your seat,please.回去.18.Do you have any questions?你们有问题吗?19.Understand?明白吗? 20.Pardon?再说一遍好吗?21.Can you hear me?能听见吗?22.Can you see it / the blackboard?能看到它/黑板吗?23.Listen and do the action.听并做动作.24.Listen and point.听并指25.Listen and repeat.听并重复.26.Listen and answer the question.听然后回答问题.27.Listen read and spell the words.听读并拼出这些单词 28.Listen and read twice for each word.听并把每个词读两遍. 29.Read and write.读并写 30.Write it on the blackboard/in your exercise book/workbook/ a piece of paper 把它写在黑板上/你们的练习本上/活动用书/一张纸上 31.Try again,please./Once more,please.再试一次/再来一遍. 32.Pay more attention to this,please.请注意这一点. 33.Put up your hands/Hands up.举起手来 34.Put down your hands/ Hands down.放下手. 35.Now please work in groups/pairs小组/同桌两人讨论 36.Talk to your partner.跟同桌讨论 37.Tell your desk mate 告诉同桌 38.Good!( better best )好!(更好!最好!) 39.Right!正确!40.Yes!是的!41.Very good!非常好!42.Great!太棒了! 43.Wonderful!非常精彩!44.Excellent!很棒的! 45.Great job!做的不错!46.You are great!你真棒!47.You are the winner!你是获胜者!48.claps 鼓掌!49.Stop talking!不要讲话!50.I’m sorry you are wrong.很遗憾,你错了! Class is over. 2.Goodbye/bye-bye.再见! 3.See you!再见! 4.See you tomorrow!明天见! 5.See you on Tuesday.星期二见!
小学英语教师课堂用语1. Let’s get ready for class. 准备上课。 2 I’m sorry I’m late. /Excuse me for coming late. 对不起,我迟到了。 3 Please come earlier next time. 下次请早点到。 4 Class begins. 上课。 5 Who’s on duty today?今天谁值日? 6 Is everyone here? 都到齐了吗? 7 Who’s absent today? 今天谁没来? 8 What day is today? 今天是星期几? 9 What’s the date today? 今天是几号? 10 Li Hong, have you collected all the exercise-books? 李红,作业本都收齐了吗? 11 Here are your exercise-books. Please hand them out.这是练习本,请发下去。 12 Monitor, would you please fetch some chalk for me? 班长,能帮我去拿些粉笔来吗? 13 Open your books, please. 请翻开书。 14 please turn to Page 12. 请翻开书到12页。 15 Please take out your notebooks/exercise books.请拿出笔记本/练习本。 16 No more talking, please. 请安静。 17 Attention, please. 请注意。 18 Let’s have a dictation. 让我们来听写。 19 We’re going to have a new lesson today.今天我们要上新课。 20 First let’s have a revision. 首先我们复习一下。 21 Who can answer this question? 谁能回答这个问题? 22 Do you have any questions? 你们有问题吗? 24 Let me see. 让我看看/想想。 25 Put up your hands if you have any questions. 如果有问题请举手。 26 Raise your hands, please. 请举手。 27 Hands down. 把手放下。 28 Repeat after me/Follow me. 跟我读。 29 Listen to me, please. 请听我说。 30 Look at the blackboard/screen, please. 请看黑板/屏幕。 31 All eyes on me, please. 请都看着我。 32 Can you solve this problem? 能做出这道题吗? 33 Let’s read it together. Ready, go!大家齐声朗读,预备,起。 34 Read slowly and clearly. 读慢一点,清楚一点。 35 Who wants to try? 谁想试一试? 36 Who wants to do it on the blackboard? 谁愿意到黑板上来做? 37 Are you through? 做完了吗? 38 Have you finished? 做完了吗? 39 You did a very good job. 做得不错。 40 Very good./Good try./ Well done! 完成得不错。 41 Terrific!/ Wonderful! / Excellent! 很棒! 42 Please give him (her) a big hand. 请给他/她一些掌声。 43 Can you follow me? 能跟上吗? 44 Do you understand? 你听懂了吗? 45 Don’t be nervous. 不要紧张。 46 Any one can help him/ her? 谁来帮他/她一下? 47 Any volunteers? 谁自愿回答? 48 I beg your pardon? 对不起,能再说一遍吗? 49 Take it easy.请放心/别紧张。 50 Be brave / active, please. 请勇敢/主动些。 51 Who wants to try? 谁来试试? 52 Come up to the front, please. 请到前面来。 53 Go back to your seat, please. 请回座位。 54 Come on. You can do it. 来吧!你能做到的。 55 Come on, you’re almost there.来吧!你快(做/答)对了。 56 I’ll give you a clue (hint). 我给你一些提示。 57 You can do it this way. 你可以这样来做。 58 Let’s play a game. 让我们玩个游戏。 59 Are you tired? Let’s take a break.累了吗?休息一下。 60 Look up the word in the dictionary. 在字典里查这个词。 61 Take notes, please.请作笔记。 62 Are you clear ? 明白了吗? 63 Is that right /correct? 那个正确吗? 64 Can you find the mistakes? 你能找出错误吗? 65 Do you know how to correct the mistakes? 你知道怎么改错吗? 66 Are you ready? 准备好了吗? 67 Can you guess it? 能猜猜吗? 68 Yes. You’re right.对,你对了。 69 I’m sorry. Can you say that again? 对不起,能再说一遍吗? 70 Take your time. 慢慢来。 71 Use your head. 动动脑筋。 72 Good idea! That makes sense. 好主意。有道理。 73 Whose turn is it? 轮到谁了? 74 Now you’re going to read one by one. 现在你们依次朗读。 75 Who’s next? 接下来是谁? 76 You’re next.接下来是你。 77 It’s your turn.轮到你了。 78 Just hands. No voices. 不要说,请举手。 79 Do it on your own.自己做。 80 From the very beginning. 从头开始。 81 Please read it to the end. 请读到结尾。 82 Stop here, please. 请停下来。 83 Hands up before you answer. 回答问题前,请举手。 84 Here’s your homework for today. 这是今天的家庭作业。 85 Hand in your homework tomorrow. 家庭作业明天交。 86 Please pass the exercise books to the front.请将练习本递到前面来。 87 Who wants to come to the front? 谁愿意到前面来? 88 Come to my office after class. 下课后到办公室找我。 89 Come and see me after class. 课后找我。 90 Watch me and I'll show you.看着我,我来演示。 91 I want all of you to answer this question. 我请大家一齐来回答这个问题。 92 That’s all for the new lesson/ revision.
1、Let's start class。=It's time for class。上课。
2、Hello,boys and girls/children。同学们好。
3、Good morning/afternoon,boys and girls/teacher。同学们/老师们,早晨好/下午好。
4、Stand up/Sit down,please。起立/请坐。
5、Who is on duty today?今天谁值日?
6、Is everyone/everybody here/present?大家都出席了吗?
7、Is anyone/anybody absent?有人缺席吗?
8、Who's absent?谁没来?
9、Let's begin our class。咱们上课吧。
10、We'll start/begin a new lesson today。今天我们讲学习新课。
11、What day is it today?今天星期几?
12、What's the weather like today?今天的天气怎么样?
说课的基本程序用英语表示
掌握词汇拼写和音标是前提,剩下的就是大胆说,创造说的环境,随时,随地说,用英语交流。习惯成自然,说英语就练成功了。
高年级英语说课基本流程 一、 说教材 1.说教材内容 例:我说课的内容是……年级关于……这一个功能话题。这一段内容主要通过……和……的对话,让学生学会用……这几个句型进行……的英语会话。授课时间为40分钟。 2、说教学目标 例:根据对教学内容的分析,我制定了以下几个教学目标: 知识目标:能听懂会说会读会拼写单词和词组(四会)……能听懂会说会读单词和词组(三会)…… 能熟练用句型……进行……话题的对话(三会) 能听懂会说会读会拼写句型(四会)…… 能力目标: 情感目标:对学生进行……方面的文化意识渗透教学或思想教育(看情况而定,也可省略) 3.说重点难点 例:教材的重点是…… 难点是……(从教学目标中具体制定) 二、 说教法学法 1.说教法 例:根据教材内容和新课标精神,我在教学中采用以下教学方法:(任务型教学法、创设情境法、知识迁移法、媒体演示法、角色扮演法等等等等,根据教学过程的设计进行简单的说明) 2.说学法 例:根据学生的年龄特点和知识基础,我在教学中为学生设计了以下学习方法:(小组合作法、游戏激趣法、角色扮演法、自主学习法、儿歌记忆法等等,也是根据教学设计确定,并进行简单的说明) 3.说教学准备 教师准备:教具、教室布置、练习纸,课件等等 学生准备:知识准备、资料准备(都是根据具体内容确定)三、 说教学过程 (每一个教学步骤除了简明扼要地说明每一个教学活动外,还要进行简单的设计意图的分析,着重从教法和学法两方面进行评析,用理论来说明你的设计意图,并进行效果的预估。) 1.Warming up(导入) 这一个环节要设计一些热身活动,如唱与新授有关的英语歌、做个与新授有关的小游戏、与新授有关的对话、与新授有关的单词、词组复习等。 2.Presentation(新授) 要运用任务教学法和情境教学法,在模拟现实的交际对话中教学新授词、句。千万不要拿着教材一句句教读、跟读。每个新单词和新句型都要设计环节进行突破。 3.Practice(操练) 在这里主要是回到教材,也可设计一些听力、书写方面的题目,一层层推出教材。让学生用学会的句子来自学、表演、交流。 4.Activity(活动) 一堂课的高潮部分,也是检查学生本堂课教学效果的环节。给学生一个活动性的任务,让他们用本堂课所学的句型来用英语做事。 5.Exercise(练习) 让学生完成事先设计的笔头练习,并交流反馈 6.Homework(课外作业) 应该是课堂教学的巩固和延伸,要有趣味性和实用性。 观赏板书
说课必须包括的环节:
一、说教材,说教材的内容和地位,本节课知识点的前后联系;
二、说学生,分析学生的知识水平和认知特点,本节课的学习困难点等;
三、说教学目标(三维)和重难点,根据上面的分析确定教学目标和重点、难点;
四、说教法,本节课教学所采用的教学方法及依据;
五、说学法,本节课指导学生自主学习所采用的方法;
六、说教学过程,具体说各个教学环节,环节设置的意图,可能出现的情况,教师的处理方法;
七、说板书设计;
八、说反思,如果是上完课后的说课,还要有根据上课的具体情况进行的教学反思,主要是好的效果,不足,改进设计等。
说课有利于提高教研活动的实效
以往的教研活动一般都停留在上几节课,再请几个人评评课。上课的老师处在一种完全被动的地位。听课的老师也不一定能理解授课教师的意图。导致了教研实效低下。通过说课,让授课教师说说自己教学的意图,说说自己处理教材的方法和目的,让听课教师更加明白应该怎样去教,为什么要这样教。
从而使教研的主题更明确,重点更突出,提高教研活动的实效。另外,我们还可以通过对某一专题的说课,统一思想认识,探讨教学方法,提高教学效率。
英语被最多国家作为官方语言,也是实际上的国际语言,相对于我们的母语中文,学习英语对于学生来说相对有难度,那么作为一名英语教师,该怎样去说课,又有哪些要求呢?下面出国留学网编辑为您带来英语说课的基本步骤和要求,欢迎大家阅读。 英语说课的基本步骤 (一) 说教材 1.说教材的地位和作用 简要分析本课内容在单元整体教学中和整个教材体系中甚至在素质教育英语教学中的重要地位。 对话课是单元整体教学的重要环节。作为单元的第一课,对话课的作用首先是为第二、三课提供话题和语境。由于整个单元都是围绕一个话题操练特定的功能项目,对话课又具有为二、三课的学习扫清语言和文化障碍的作用。 例子: 本课对话内容紧紧围绕体育运动话题展开,谈论运动项目必定使人联想到奥运会、奥运历史、奥运精神等,这就为下一课阅读教学提供了话题和语境。本课操练的功能项目是表达个人喜好的句型"prefer...to",学习并熟练掌握该句型有助于学生能就"prefer A to B”表达自己对运动项目的爱好及爱好程度。 从素质教育的要求和学习语言的目的看,高中英语教学重视培养学生运用英语进行交际的能力。根据英语课程标准的要求,对话课应侧重培养学生的口语表达能力,体现英语教学的交际性、得体性、准确性和实践性。因此,本节对话课教学应着重培养学生熟练运用所学功能用语谈论体育话题的能力,为进一步自由谈论奥运历史打下基础。 2. 说教学目标的确立及其依据。 1)知识技能 (1) 学习、掌握关系副词when,where.,why 引导的定语从句及介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。 (2) 学习掌握一些有关影视的词汇: 如: career, director, script, play a role in ,Oscar, award, studio, scene, follow-ups等。 掌握其他一些课文中涉及的词汇: 如:graduate, attack, creature, owe…to…, take off等。 (3) 学习掌握一些用于讨论、评价电影的结构句式: 如:What’s the film about? What do you think about the story of the film? How do you feel about the film? I like / don’t like the film because… The film is about… I think the ending of the film is … (4) 提高学生语言听、说、读、写的能力及扮演角色、编写剧本、撰写影评等的综合语言运用能力。 2) 情感态度 (1) 学习几位著名影星、导演执著于艺术、献身于艺术的敬业精神和对人类艺术的巨大贡献。 (2) 从Keanu Reeves 艰辛的成功途中(In the begin did many small jobs, then played in many cheap films.)我们可以学习到:要成就事业需付出辛勤劳动,要有持之以恒、坚持不懈的恒心与毅力。 (3) 通过学习国外著名影视界人物,培养学生了解、尊重异国文化,体现国际合作精神。 (4) 通过开展小组活动,指导学生积极与人合作,相互学习,相互帮助,培养其团队精神。 3)学习策略 (1) 认知策略 能总结定语从句的结构规律,并加以应用;在学习中借助电影海报图画、图表等非语言信息进行理解或表达。 (2) 调控策略 利用影视资源,主动拓宽英语学习渠道,创造和把握学习英语的机会;积极参与采访、表演、调查等英语学习活动。 (3) 交际策略 充分利用采访、表演等真实交际活动提高用英语交际的能力,在其过程中能借助手势、表情等非语言手段提高交际效果,能克服语言障碍,维持交际。 (4) 资源策略 通过了解影视知识,获得更广泛的英语信息,拓展所学知识。 4) 文化意识 (1) 了解英语国家影视界艺术家的成长经历、成就和贡献。 (2) 通过学习,了解世界著名影视文化,培养世界意识。 (3) 通过中外影视文化对比,加深对中国影视文化的理解。 3.说重点、难点和关键点的确立及其依据。 列举该课重点、难点和关键点的同时,说明为什么该重点是本课教学的最主要部分或最重要内容,为什么该难点在本课教学中是学生最难理解和最容易出现错误的部分(有时重点和难点相同),为什么该关键点对本课教学的成败起决定性的作用。 重点和难点均是“现在完成时的基本结构和用法”。 重要性:现在完成时态是课程标准要求学生掌握的重要时态之一,本课是该项语法教学的第一课,要对学生进行正确的语言输入,为以后的教学打下坚实的基础。 难点:由于英汉两种语言对“完成”和“过去”概念定义的差异,学生往往对现在完成时、一般过去时的含义和用法产生混淆,动词的过去式和过去分词的使用也容易出现错误,因此,“现在完成时的基本结构和用法”既是本课教学的重点,又是本课教学的难点。现在完成时的动作发生。 (二)说教法 SEFC Bl L37(对话课)为例: 对话课重在培养学生的口语表达能力。因此选择使用交际教学法在具体教学中以情景教学为主,活动教学为辅,充分利用直观教具和电化教学手段创设情景,利用图片、投影仪、录音机等辅助设备,培养学生直接用英语理解、表达和思维的能力。在具体教学过程中贯彻交际教学原则,采用3P教学模式,组织各种课堂活动,如表演猜谜、演讲(I prefer A to B because...)、讨论(Which sport do Chinese people prefer?)等,培养和强化学生的语言实践能力和自主学习能力。 (三)说学法及学法指导 说学法,要结合课堂教学内容,说出在本课教学过程中,指导学生学习使用或学会使用什么学习方法,如五官并用、强化记忆、比较归纳、分析概括规律、循环记忆、分类记忆、联想记忆、发现学习等等。要说明结合本课教学培养学生哪种学习能力,如观察力、记忆力、想像力、注意力、创造力、思维能力、反应能力、自学能力等。 (四)说教学程序 说教学程序,要简要说出该课的各个教学步骤的具体教学环节名称及相关教学内容、步骤、教学活动组织和安排;即在哪个教学环节教哪个(些)知识点,提出哪些问题,做哪些练习(教什么),组织哪些课堂教学活动,采用什么教学方法(怎么教)等等。 在叙述教学程序时,要按照教学步骤说清各个教学环节的具体活动,包括讲授的知识内容、练习、小结、反馈、矫正及作业布置等安排。 说教学程序要求既有具体步骤的安排,又要有针对性的教法理论阐述。 此部分的关键在于让学生了解如何制作电影,尤其是通过了解电影的制作而突出导演的重要作用。 Task: To experience being a director (write one scene of the film and act it out). 活动形式 1.头脑风暴:教师提问If you want to make a film, who do you need to invite?通过此问题引出电影制作过程中所需的各种角色,如photographer, actor/actress, editor, director等等。 让学生讨论各角色在电影制作中所做的不同工作。通过讨论,学生不难发现,在电影的制作过程中,导演起了非常关键的作用。 2.小组活动: 分别给出阅读材料中提到的五幅电影(Jaws, ., Jurassic Park, Schindler’s List, Saving Private Ryan)的图片,把学生分成不同的小组,对图片进行预测,各个小组根据不同的图片猜想影片的大概内容及主题。 While-reading First reading: 快速阅读课文的Para3-5 , 查找出有关这5部电影内容和主题的信息,并核对与自己猜想是否相符。 Second reading: 阅读并查找有关Spielberg的信息: 1) When and where was he born? 2) When did he start making films? 3) What did he use to make films at first? and later? 4)What was his dream? Fill in the blanks (diagram) Deal with the words Retell the text with some key words Discussion (五)说极书设计 说板书设计要求语言精练,说明板书的整体布局即可。 英语说课的基本要求 说课有别于讲课。讲课的对象是学生,侧重讲授知识、培养能力、教书育人,是系统的教育教学活动;而说课的对象是教师、教研员、评委,侧重表述如何讲授知识、培养能力、教书育人,是系统的教育教学研究活动。说课是教学与教研的结晶,是教学理论和教学实践结合的产物。说课讲稿的撰写要注意以下几点。 (一)突出理论性 说课讲稿有别于教案或教案提要,它比教案更具有理论性。写说课讲稿也不同于写教案,教案多是具体教学过程,而说课稿则侧重于有针对性的理论指导的阐述;教案只说"怎么教",而说课讲稿则要重点说清“为什么这么教"。因此,写说课讲稿要注重理论依据的阐述,尤其是说教材、说教法、说学法及学法指导时,一定要说明其理论依据。 (二)简明扼要 说课稿有别于教学论文,它比教学论文更具实践性,因此。说课稿的撰写要用词精当,切忌长篇大论、面面俱到或泛泛而谈。说课各个要素及其理论依据必须要有直接的内在联系,在语言表达方面要言简意赅。另外,表述具体的教学目标时,要尽量避免使用抽象、笼统、缺乏可操作性和可监测性的一般性用语,如知识目标一Student will learn about the present perfect tense;能力目标一Improve the students' abilities of listening,speaking, reading and writing。这样的教学目标只是泛泛而谈,没有说明要求学生做到的是什么,教师在教学过程中也无法有效操作,听课者更难确定教学目标是否达成。 (三)不拘一格 由于教学内容不同,教学对象(学生)不同,课型不同,教师的教学经验以及对教材的理解和处理不同,说课稿的撰写也不应拘泥于单一的、固定的模式。只要教师能够准确把握说课的要素和要点,透彻分析教学设计的理论依据,采用综合论述(说课的各个要素不逐项列出)或分块论述(说课钠各个要素逐条列出),都能达到说课教研的最终目的。 (四)突出英语学科特点,但要量力而行 原则上讲,英语说课讲稿最好用英语写。但是用英语写说课讲稿对教师的英语写作能力提出了更高的要求,因此,在有些教师还没有掌握说课方法或没有能力准确翻译某些教学理论时,最好慎重用英语写说课讲稿。笔者认为,现阶段英语说课讲稿用英语撰写或用汉语撰写均可。因为,说课是陈述教学方案设计及其理论依据,而不是具体实施课堂教学方案。英语说课的目的主要是进行英语教学研究,提高教师的教研水平,而不侧重于提高教师的英语口语表达能力。
基本英语的发展
英语的发展大致分为三个阶段:•古英语时期(公元449年至1100年 )•中古英语时期(公元1100年至1500年 )•现代英语(公元1500年至今 )古英语时期•基督教传入英国。公元597年,一个名叫奥古斯丁的牧师从罗马来到英国传教。罗马文化随着基督教传入了英国。与此同时,一批拉丁词进入了英语。• 北欧人入侵英国。从公元790年开始,大批斯堪的那维亚人在英国定居。斯堪的那维亚人和英国人频繁交往,所以有许多斯堪的那维亚各国的词语进入了英语。中古英语时期•在中古英语时期,英语历经了剧烈变化。词尾变化大多消失,名词的性也消失了。词序,虚词和语调成了表示句子关系的主要手段。如果说古英语与其它日尔曼语族的语言一样是典型的综合语,那么到了中古英语末期,英语已逐渐具有分析语的特性。而且这个趋势一直在继续着。• 词汇方面的变化也是显著的。由于诺曼法语一度是英国统治阶级的语言,大批法语词涌入英语。随着众多的法语借词被吸收进英语,一些法语和拉丁语的词缀也被英语化了,成为英语构词的重要素材。从此,英语改变了运用复合法创造新词的主要手段,用直接引进借词的方法来满足对新词的需要。这一变化对英语词汇的发展影响深远,为日后大量借词—主要是希腊语词、拉丁语词—进入英语铺平了道路。现代英语•早期现代英语时期(公元1500年至1700年 )•后期现代英语时期(公元1700年至当前)文艺复兴运动是十四世纪在意大利开始的,在十六世纪以后的两个世纪内对英国的影响很大。在这一时期,强调研究古代希腊、罗马文化,以对抗中世纪的封建文化。于是许多外来词,主要是拉丁语和希腊语的词语传入英语,成为英语的书面语和术语词的基本部分。同时也为英语提供了大量的同义词。英语方言由于英文的使用范围极为广泛,不可避免地出现了各种地区性变体。有的语言学家已经不再把伦敦或英国上层人士的英语作为唯一的标准英语,而把它作为地区英语之一来看待。•美国英语•加拿大英语•澳大利亚英语•新西兰英语•南非英语•印度英语•东南亚英语美国在18世纪建国之后,本土语言仍以英国为宗。美国学者最初称它为“在美国的英语”。到了第一次世界大战之后,美国国力大增,就有学者写出专著,自称为“美国语”。现在通称为“美式英语”或"美语"。在四五十年前,这个术语通常被理解为美国人特有的语词和语法,从抱“纯洁主义”的英国文人看来,它不是纯正的英文,但到了第二次世界大战前后,“美式英语”一词的概念逐渐变了,只指在美国本土上使用的英语,而不论其与英国英语的异同。现在英国学术界也终于承认美式英语有它的独立地位。更多精彩内容 >> 新东方网英语频道 全国新东方英语课程搜索(编辑:何莹莹)
英语的最早形式是由盎格鲁-撒克逊移民于5世纪带到英国的一组西日耳曼语(Ingvaeonic)方言,被统称为古英语。中古英语始于11世纪末,诺曼征服英格兰;这是该语言受到法语影响的时期。早期现代英语始于15世纪后期引进的的印刷机到伦敦,在印刷国王詹姆斯圣经和开始元音大推移。
自17世纪以来,现代英语在英国和美国的广泛影响下在世界各地传播。通过各类这些国家的印刷和电子媒体,英语已成为国际主导语言之一,在许多地区和专业的环境下的语言也有主导地位,例如科学、导航和法律。
由于英国过去在世界各地有许多殖民地的缘故,因此在现代,英语在许多国家与地区,都是通用语言或官方语言之一:
1、英语在下列国家和地区是第一语言:英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、巴哈马、巴巴多斯、百慕大、圭亚那、牙买加、新西兰、圣基茨和尼维斯和特立尼达和多巴哥。
2、英语在下列国家和地区中是通用语言,这些国家和地区包括多米尼克、圣路西亚和圣文森特和格林纳丁斯、密克罗尼西亚联邦、塞浦路斯。
3、英语是下列国家和地区的官方语言(之一):斐济、新加坡、加纳、冈比亚、基里巴斯、肯尼亚、纳米比亚、尼日利亚、马绍尔群岛、巴布亚新几内亚、所罗门群岛、萨摩亚群岛、塞拉利昂、斯威士兰、博茨瓦纳、坦桑尼亚、赞比亚;
马拉维、津巴布韦、南非、莱索托、厄立特里亚、利比里亚、塞舍尔、埃塞俄比亚、乌干达、卢旺达、苏丹、南苏丹、苏格兰、印度、巴基斯坦、马耳他、汤加、瓦努阿图、纽埃。
英语的发展大致分为三个阶段:•古英语时期(公元449年至1100年 )•中古英语时期(公元1100年至1500年 )•现代英语(公元1500年至今 )古英语时期•基督教传入英国。公元597年,一个名叫奥古斯丁的牧师从罗马来到英国传教。罗马文化随着基督教传入了英国。与此同时,一批拉丁词进入了英语。• 北欧人入侵英国。从公元790年开始,大批斯堪的那维亚人在英国定居。斯堪的那维亚人和英国人频繁交往,所以有许多斯堪的那维亚各国的词语进入了英语。中古英语时期•在中古英语时期,英语历经了剧烈变化。词尾变化大多消失,名词的性也消失了。词序,虚词和语调成了表示句子关系的主要手段。如果说古英语与其它日尔曼语族的语言一样是典型的综合语,那么到了中古英语末期,英语已逐渐具有分析语的特性。而且这个趋势一直在继续着。• 词汇方面的变化也是显著的。由于诺曼法语一度是英国统治阶级的语言,大批法语词涌入英语。随着众多的法语借词被吸收进英语,一些法语和拉丁语的词缀也被英语化了,成为英语构词的重要素材。从此,英语改变了运用复合法创造新词的主要手段,用直接引进借词的方法来满足对新词的需要。这一变化对英语词汇的发展影响深远,为日后大量借词—主要是希腊语词、拉丁语词—进入英语铺平了道路。现代英语•早期现代英语时期(公元1500年至1700年 )•后期现代英语时期(公元1700年至当前)文艺复兴运动是十四世纪在意大利开始的,在十六世纪以后的两个世纪内对英国的影响很大。在这一时期,强调研究古代希腊、罗马文化,以对抗中世纪的封建文化。于是许多外来词,主要是拉丁语和希腊语的词语传入英语,成为英语的书面语和术语词的基本部分。同时也为英语提供了大量的同义词。英语方言由于英文的使用范围极为广泛,不可避免地出现了各种地区性变体。有的语言学家已经不再把伦敦或英国上层人士的英语作为唯一的标准英语,而把它作为地区英语之一来看待。•美国英语•加拿大英语•澳大利亚英语•新西兰英语•南非英语•印度英语•东南亚英语美国在18世纪建国之后,本土语言仍以英国为宗。美国学者最初称它为“在美国的英语”。到了第一次世界大战之后,美国国力大增,就有学者写出专著,自称为“美国语”。现在通称为“美式英语”或"美语"。在四五十年前,这个术语通常被理解为美国人特有的语词和语法,从抱“纯洁主义”的英国文人看来,它不是纯正的英文,但到了第二次世界大战前后,“美式英语”一词的概念逐渐变了,只指在美国本土上使用的英语,而不论其与英国英语的异同。现在英国学术界也终于承认美式英语有它的独立地位。
奥格登说,「学习英语要7年,学习世界语要7个月,而学习基本英语只要7星期。」因此,商业公司会将艰涩难懂但需要全球使用的文书写成基本英语;而语言学校也会为了让学生短期内学会简单的英语,而教授基本英语。奥格登不使用重复意义的单词,而且需要所有国家都适用这些单词。他利用大规模的测试和调整来得到这些词汇。在语法方面,他也做了简化,但是保留了英语通常的用法。在第二次世界大战后,这种简化开始蕴含推进世界和平的理念。但是由于缺乏规划,发展出了不同地方使用的简化版本。