高中英语语法题词
英语语法填空考察的是考生的词汇和语法,那么你知道英语语法填空常用词汇有哪些吗?下面由我为大家整理的高中英语语法填空常用词,希望大家喜欢!
动词类:
1“看” look看的动作/ see看的结果; watch观察/observe为了研究进行的观察;
notice注意/catch sight of看见;stare好奇地看/ glare瞪着看;
glance瞅见/glimpse瞥见;see a film 看电影/watch TV看电视
2“说” telll sth to sb = tell sb sth告诉的内容 talk with sb about sth强调说话者之间的交流 say sth诉说的内容 speak in English说的语言 whisper sth to sb 耳语 inform sb of sth 通知某人某事 reason /talk/persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 Bargain讨价还价 chat聊天 repeat重复 explain解释 warn警告 remind提醒 Discuss 讨论debate辩论 figure 指出declare宣布 claim自称 mention 提起 admit 承认deny 否绝 describe描述 announce 公布 introduce 介绍complain抱怨
3“叫” cry哭叫 call叫 shout大喊 scream尖叫 moan呻吟 sigh叹气 quarrel大吵
4“问” ask 询问 interview 采访 express表达 question审问
5“答” answer回答 respond回应(用其他方式回应) reply回复
6 “听” listen to听的动作 hear听的结果 pick up收听 overhear无意听到
7“写” dictate听写 write sth 写 describe描写 drop a line 写信 draw画
take down/write down写下,记下
8“拿/放” take拿走 bring拿来 hold举着 carry扛,挑 (无方向性)
fetch拿来拿去 lift举 Put放 lay 铺/放置 pull拉/push推
9“抓” take hold of 抓着 seize紧抓 grasp 握住 scratch 抠
10“打” hit一次性的打击 beat不间断的打击 strike突然的击打/突然想到
blow吹刮 attack攻击
11“扔” throw扔 drop掉 放弃 错过 fall 倒下无意掉下来 wave 招手 shake摇
12“送” send寄送 deliver递送 give给 offer 主动给予 see off给某人送行
13“摸/抱” touch摸 /fold折叠 /embrace拥抱 / hug抱/hold 握 in one’s arms
14“踢/碰” kick踢/knock敲/ tip 轻敲
15“行” walk run climb jump skip 单腿跳 slip溜 come/go enter进入 move搬迁 drive开车 ride 骑fly crawl 匍匐前进
16“坐” sit down be seated seat oneself take a seat/ stand站,耸立/ lean斜靠
17“睡/休息” lie /on one’s back/ on one side/ on one’s stomach stay in bed have a rest take a nap打盹 be asleep bend turn over翻身 rest
18“笑” smile 微笑(不出声) laugh burst into laughter burst out laughing
19“哭” cry shed tears 留泪 weep呜咽地哭 sob抽泣 burst into tears /burst out crying
20“找/查” find找到 look for正在找过程 find out查明 discover/explore 发现/探索
hunt for search for seek / seek for in search of寻找 search sb 搜身 search sp. for sth 为某物而搜寻某地
check检查,核实 examine 考察发现问题/体检 test检测,检验 inspect视察
21“穿” put on 动作 wear穿戴 have on试穿 be dressed in 穿的状态
make-up化装 get changed换衣服 be in red Take off 脱 remove 去除
22“吃/喝” eat/drink sip吮吸 have a meal have supper toast taste
treat sb to请某人吃 help oneself to 随便吃
23“得” get obtain acquire获得知识和技能 gain possess
24“失” lose 丢了 be lost /be missing人错过失踪,不见 gone不见(物) great loss die die off相继死去 die away 逐渐消失
25“有” have 有 own是自己的 conquer征服 occupy占有=possess
26“无” nothing left the remaining thing disappear be missing /gone
27“增/减” rise / go up /drop
人主动抬价 raise /bring down /reduce increase/decrease
28“买/卖” buy purchase afford pay pay off pay for sell on sale bargain
bill / cheque / cash/ credit card notes/ coins discounts
29“存在/消失”come into being exist appear survive live show turn up
disappear die die out pass away be out of sight
30“变化” develop improve become grow go+ bad /wrong/ sour /without( negative adj.) turn + colour change /change into reform
第一招名词形式变化
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。这是最简单也是最基本的形式变化,只要注意整体形式的一致性。
例:There are many students living at school,the(child) houses are all far from schoo1.
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数,且作为houses的定语,所以应用其所有格形式,故答案为child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格children’s。
第二招动词形式变化
动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。这种动词形式的变化,一定要注意个别的变化异样,这种最容易犯错。
例:A talk(give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is written是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出,报告是“将来”作的,故用不定式;且报告是give动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。
第三招代词形式变化
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类,即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化,如no one/none、other/another等。这种需要联系句意或者文章,整体把握。
例:The king decided to see the painter by(he).
由介词by可以看出,横线处应填反身代词himself。
第四招形容词、副词比较级变化
英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式,或通过加后缀一er和.est,或在词前Imore/less和most/least,且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。
例:I am— —(tall)than Liu Wen.He is the tallest students in my class.
此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生,那“我”肯定比他矮,所以不能用taller,只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。
第五招数词形式变化
数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词,或加后缀一teen、ty的变化,甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式,以及one/two的特殊变化形式 once/twice。这种数词形式变化则是需要整体理解的,尤其要注意细节。
例:To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses.My eldest son shall take a half,my second son shall take a (three).
从上下文连续起来理解,这是一个分马的计划,大儿子分得a half,也就是“一半”或“二分之一”,那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”,所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。
第六招词的派生
词的派生现象在英语单词中是较为的,派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。而很多单词的派生不同意思也会有区别,一定要注意,不是所有前后缀都遵循一个规律,会有个别例外,而特别的一定要重点记住的。
例:Lious lost his wallet yesterday,so he was very____(happiness).
在这道题中,学生很容易判断出该用形容词;钱包丢了,人应该是不开心的,所以要再加个前缀un,就成了unhappy。
第七招固定短语结构
根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语,但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。所以要充分考虑全句或是全文来填,不能看到固定短语,就立马填空,仔细谨慎是必不可少的。
例1:The children were playing on the ground,enjoying____,dirty but happy.
从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的,所以应用enj0y oneself短语,故其答案为themselves。
例2:His boss was____angry as to fire him.
如果“跳过”横线后面的angry,就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to...,所以,so是正解。
第八招从句引导词
从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向,主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。所以从句的掌握是十分重要的,从句在英语句法中占了很大的比重。
例1:He did not done_____his father had asked him to do.
审题可知,横线所在为宾语从句的引导词,此引导词在从旬中充当宾语,且指物,所以是what。
例2:Those_____want to go to the village must sign here.
经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词,进一步观察可知先行词为those,且指人,所以只能填入who,在定语从句中做主语。
第九招短语动词结构
短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语,此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。这种会有许多固定搭配,需要多多积累一些使用频率较高的短语动词搭配。
例1:The us consists____fifty states.
根据常识可知,美国由50个州组成,故横线处与前一词组合,表示“由......组成”,所以答案是of。
例2:Mrs Baker was ill,so her daughter had to ask for
leave to take_____of her.
生病需要人照顾,所以答案是care,与前后词构成take care of。
第十招短语介词结构
短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语,如:except for,due to等。这种词语结构都是固定的,也是需要重点记忆的。
例1:Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train.
此题中说到两种交通工具,所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思,故答案为instead,以构成介词短语instead of。
例2:Just then,he saw a blackboard in_____of him.
细心观察,可以看出填人fr0nt即可构成in front of,此题得解。
第十一招连词、关联短语结构
常用的连词有and,or,but,so,for,while等,常用的关联短语有both…and...,either…or...,neither…nor...,not only…but also...等。连词和关联词语的结构一定要记忆清楚,往往细微的差别,将会导致不同的结果,所以一定要注意不同搭配的具体使用方法。
例1:Little Wang Jun could not go to school,_____his family was too poor.
此处表示原因,引导的分句其实是一种解释说明,不是必然的因果关系,且前面有逗号隔开,所以填for。
例2:____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre.
横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and,故答案为Both。
第十二招冠词、介词和常用的副词
冠词只能是在a,an,the之间判断;常用的介词有in,at,on,before,during等,通常考查固定搭配;副词的量还是比较多,如:however,never,yet,much等。这种搭配是要多多实践积累的,挨个排除,也不失为一个好办法。
例1:Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed.
这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法,答案为a,构成at a high speed,“以高速”开车。
例2:Old Tom’s granddaughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon.
Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午,所以不用介词in,而用on才是正解。
例3:Though Liu Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did,he got a lower pay______Zhang Wen.
第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as,第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义,故答案为than。
例4:It was only one day left,_____,his father had no idea to answer him.
观察上下句,可以看出是转折关系,且横线与前后用逗号隔开,排除but,所以答案是however。
第十三招上下文中出现的相关词
这一招是最为灵活的,但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识,填入某个已出现的词,或其反义词,或其同类的某个词。这种时候就需要你的文章内容或是句意的精准理解,要充分把握出题人想表达的意思,才能稳操胜券。
答案的线索可能在本句,可能出现在上下相连的一句,还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句,则线索可能在上下段的首句;如果横线出现在某段的末句,则线索可能在上下段的末句,以此类推。
例:Tony____travelling abroad,but dislikes staying home watching TV.
由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断,此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。
冠词
名词前设空必须假设是否填入冠词,可翻译成“这,那,这些”符合逻辑的,尽量回避this,that,these等。应该填冠词。固定搭配除外。还有,序数词,形容词最高级前更要注意填冠词。
名词
名词复数。
1.前面有很多数量词时,one of,many,several,a few,both,dozens of等,必须用复数。
2.谓语动词是复数,必用复数。
3.后文出现they之类的复数名词暗示。
4.可数名词无限定词修饰。用复数
代词
主I宾me分场合,动介之后用宾格。
名前用my,单独mine,主宾相同要反身。
形容词,副词
比较级形式要看清楚,动词用副词修饰。副词可在动词前也可以在后。
只能接原级:
very,quite,pretty,too,enough,so,as,more,less,most
介词
介词固定搭配比较多。后出现动词,动词改用动名词形式。后出现人称代词应该写成宾格形式。
动词
时态,语态,单复数,语气四方面考虑。通常要看整篇文章的时态。
主动语态被动语态分清楚,确定单复数。是情态动词吗?是要做假设吗?
介词后加动名词。注意非谓语动词。(要区别动名词和现在分词请私信!)
连词
1.利用翻译。
2.利用逻辑关系。because so although but or and
as before
3.利用句型,短语,固定搭配
neither……nor…… either…or… 等
高一英语语法是学习整个高中英语语法的开始,也关系到整个高中英语语法的基础好坏,那么高一英语语法有哪些内容呢?下面由我为大家整理的高一英语语法大全,希望对大家有所帮助!
高一英语语法大全
虚拟语气在各种从句的应用
主语从句的虚拟
1. It is + adj. + that sb. (should) do
常见的形容词有:necessary, important, strange, natural
It's important that he take my advice.
2. It is + n. + that sb. (should) do
常见的名词有:a pity, a shame, no wonder, one's wish
It's a pity that he be so silly.
3. It is + done + that sb. (should) do
常见的过去分词有:suggested, advised, demanded, requested, required, asked, ordered,
proposed, decided, desired, insisted等。
It's requested that she go home as soon as possible.
宾语从句的虚拟
1. 表命令,表建议,表要求的动词,后接宾语从句虚拟。虚拟的构成为(should) do。
I advise that he stay at home.
2. wish后接从句,虚拟的构成是往过去推一个时态。
I wish I had watched the football match last night.
注意以下几组词或短语用于虚拟语气中。
1. as if, as though
He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.
2. otherwise, but, even though
He was ill. Otherwise he would have been there.
3. with, without, but for
Without your help, I would have died two years ago.
But for your help, I would have died two years ago.
4. would rather I'd rather you told me yourself.
5. It's time that
It's time that you went to bed.
It's time that you should go to bed.
表语从句中的虚拟
在表语从句中,表示间接的命令,要求、请求、建议、决定等,主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如:
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
名词从句部分
1. that不可省略的情况
2. that引导同位语从句和that引导定语从句的区别:同位语从句中的that是连词,不做成分,只连接主从句,不能省略;定语从句中的that要代替先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或者表语,并且做宾语时可以省略。从语义上看,同位语从句是对前面名词的解释、说明或内容;而定语从句时对前面名词的限定。
We should consider the students’request that the school library provide more books on
popular science. (that引导同位语从句)
The only hope that he expressed was that they would do what they could to help the people
in disaster areas. (that引导定语从句)
3. 要根据句子结构尤其是谓语动词判断从句的类型:
What is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一个主语从句和一个表语从句,主句的动词为is。
It is known to us all that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一个主语从句,主句的动词为is known to。
As is known to us all, the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.
本句含有一个定语从句,主句的动词为took place,as引导非限制性定语从句。
4. 名词性从句的语序和语态。
名词性从句均应用陈述语序,不能用疑问语序,其时态应该和主句时态保持一致。
5. 名词性从句中连词的省略。
介词后的连词以及引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。that引导名词从句(除了引导第一个宾语从句可省略外)都不可省略,但是引导定语从句并在从句中做宾语时可以省略。
that不能省略的情况:
1)介词后面的that不能省略:
Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.
2)当that引导的宾语从句位于句首时:
That he ever did such a thing I don’t believe.
3)主句谓语动词和that从句之间有插入语,that不省略:
She said that, if she failed, she would try again.
4)当宾语从句有其他从属连词时,that不省略:
He told me that if it was necessary they would work extra time.
6.名词性从句中it的使用:
为了保持句子平衡,多数情况下,it作形式主语或形式宾语,将真正的主语或宾语从句后置。
定语从句
关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和关系副词when, where, why。
(1)that指物时一般可与which互换,但在下列情况下,要用that而不用which。
a. 先行词有all, everything等不定代词时,如,
Everything (that) he did is wrong.
b. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时,如,
I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.
c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,
This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.
d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时,如
He is the very man (that) I'm looking for.
e. 只用which的情况
在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中
This is the book about which we have talked a lot.
The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.
f. where和when作关系副词
This is the room where I worked.
This is the room which I stayed in.
I remembered the day when we lived there.
I remembered the day that I spent there.
g. as和which
as 可以放于句首,而which 不可以
As you know, he is good at English.
three of them 和three of which
I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.
I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.
(2. )“介词+关系代词”的情况:
在固定短语中介词不能提前;判断介词的口诀:瞻前顾后看意义
瞻前——看先行词;顾后——找从句动词;看意义——看全句表达含义
(3. )先行词在从句中充当地点状语时,关系词用where 或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当时间状语时,关系词用when或者介词加which;先行词在从句中充当原因状语时,关系词用why或者for which。
(4. )注意as和which在非限制性定语从句中代表主句所表达的内容的区别:
位置不同:as从句放在主句前或后均可;而which从句只能放在主句后
作用不同:as从句动词常常是see \know等,因而相当于插入语;which从句则在陈述一件事实。
状语从句部分
1.while 是高考中的高频词,它既可引导时间状语从句,又可引导并列句,还可引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。
2. no matter wh- 与wh-ever 的联系及区别:no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句,此时与wh-ever通用。wh-ever又可引导名词性从句,No matter wh-不能。
No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.
3. 在条件,时间和让步从句中,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,用现在完成时表将来完成时,
用一般过去时表过去将来时。在since 引导的时间状语从句中,动词一般都用一般过去时,而主句常用现在完成时。
4. 状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况:①否定词开头;②so 加adj. 开头;③as /
though引导的让步状语从句。
5. 连词before小结:
We had sailed four days before we saw land. (……才)
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. (不到……就)
Please write it down before you forget it. (趁……)
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. (还没来得及)
It will be/was…before…要过多久才……
6. because, since, as 引导原因从句的区别:because表达直接原因,语气最强,回答why;
since通常放句首,译为“既然”;as引导不谈自明的原因,语气最弱;
7. as可以引导多种从句,要注意其中的区别。
8. till, until和not…until的区别;if和unless的区别。
非谓语动词部分
动词不定式几点注意。
1.下列动词或动词短语后接不定式:agree, seem, appear, offer, happen, wish, hope, pay,
expect, long, plan, intend, promise, pretend, decide, afford, manage, choose, be said to,
would like to等。
2. 不定式常用的句型:too…to do (太……而不能), …enough to do…(够……就能
……), so as to do/in order to do(为了……),so…as to do/such…as to do(如
此……结果……)。
3. 不定式的三个结构:即否定结构、复合结构和疑问结构。
否定结构为“not (never) to do”;疑问结构是特殊疑问词“how (what, which, who, whether…) to do”;复合结构是“for/ of +名词(或代词宾格)+ to do ”。
4. let/ make/ have/ see/ hear/ notice/ observe/ listen to/ look at/ watch/feel
这些动词带不定式作宾补时,省掉to, 若这些动词以被动形式出现时,应加上to。
5. 当前面是the first, the second, the last, need, plan, time, chance, right,determination,
ability, opportunity(机会),way时,一般用不定式作定语。
6. but/ except + to do/ do 结构,要根据谓语动词来确定其后面的形式。当谓语动词是do,
does, did时,but后用动词原形;谓语动词是其他动词时,but后用“to + 动词原形”的形式。
7. 形容词后一般用不定式(除busy, worth 两个外)。
You are sure to succeed. 你一定能成功。
He is busy preparing his lessons at present. 他现在正忙于预习功课。
8. 不定式作定语和表语时,有时需要在后面放上一个适当的介词。
This is a bench to sit on.(这是用来坐的凳子。)
This room is comfortable to live in. (这个房间住起来很舒适。)
9. 在“主语+系动词+adj.+不定式”这个句型中,当主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时,不定式不用被动,不能在动词后再放宾语。
The question is easy to answer. (question是answer的宾语,不能说:The question is easy to be answered. 也不能说:The question is easy to answer it .)
包含高中英语全部语法的13个句型
1. as 句型
(1) as引导方式状语从句句型:“按照……;正如……”
例:As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.
正如(像) 你们国家一样,我们北方种植小麦,南方种植水稻。
(2) as+形容词/副词原级+(a /an)+名词+as ; 否定式:not as/so --- as
例:He is as good a player as his sister.
他和他姐姐一样是位优秀的运动员。
(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……
例:She is such a fool as to believe what he said.
她是一个如此的一个笨蛋以致相信了他所说的话。
(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……
例:He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.
他是如此的强壮以致于能提起那重箱子。
(5) such...as... 象……之类的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例:He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.
他希望成为一个像雷锋这样的人。
(6) the same +名词+as 和……一样的…… (接名词或定语从句)
例:He is not the same man as he used to be.
他不是从前的那样子了。
(7) as 引导非限制性定语从句
例:As is known to us, knowledge is power.
众所周知,知识就是力量。
(8)引导时间状语从句,与while意义相近
例:We get wiser as we get older.
随着我们长大,我们也变得越来越聪明。
(9) 引导原因状语从句,与 because的用法相近
例:As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.
因为越来越迟了,所以我们不久就回来了。
(10) 引导让步状语从句
例:Child as he is, he knows much about science.
尽管他是一个小孩,但他对科学了解得很多。
2. prefer 句型
(1) prefer to do sth
例:I prefer to stay at home.
我宁愿呆在家里。
(2) prefer doing sth
例:I prefer playing in defence.
我喜欢打防守。
(3) prefer sb to do sth
例:Would you prefer me to stay?
你愿意我留下来吗?
(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth… 宁愿…...而不愿...
例句:I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去.
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth
例:I prefer watching football to playing it.
我喜欢看篮球,不喜欢打篮球。
(6) prefer sth to sth
例:I prefer tea to coffee.
我要茶不要咖啡。
3. when 句型
(1) was/were doing sth...when...
例:He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑着的时候门突然开了,他妻子走了进来。
(2) was/were about to do sth ... when ...
例:We were about to start when it began to rain.
我们刚要出发,天就开始下雨了。
(3) had just done ... when ...
例:I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.
在劳累了一天之后我刚刚就寝,电话铃就响了。
4. seem 句型
(1) It +seems + that从句
例:It seemed that everyone was satisfied.
看来好像每个人都很满意。
(2) It seems to sb that ...
例:It seems to me that she is right.
我看她是对的,
(3) There seems to be ...
例:There seems to be a heavy rain.
看上去要有一场大雨。
(4) It seems as if ...
例:It seemed that she couldn't come to class.
看样子她不能来上课了。
5. 表示“相差……; 增加了……; 增加到……”的句型
(1) She is taller than I by three inches.
她比我高三英寸
(2) There is one year between us.
我们之间相差一岁。
(3) She is three years old than I.
她比我大三岁。
(4) They have increased the price by 50%.
他们把价格上涨了50%
(5) His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month.
他的工资已经涨到了每月10,000元。
6. what 引导的名词性从句
(1) what 引导主语从句
例:What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
让我吃惊的是每个人似乎对她都很冷淡。
[ indifferent adj.不关心的;冷漠的]
(2) what 引导宾语从句
例:We can learn what we do not know.
我们能学会我们不懂的东西。
(3) what 引导表语从句
例:That is what I want.
那正是我所要的。
(4) what 引导同位语从句
例:I have no idea what they are talking about.
我不知道他们正在谈论什么。
7. too句型
(1) too ... to do ...
例:Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)
政治太重要了,不能由政治家来决定。
(2) only too ... to do ...
例:I shall be only too pleased to get home.
我要回到家里就非常高兴。
(3) too + adj + for sth
例:These shoes are much too small for me.
我穿这双鞋太小了。
(4) too + adj + a + n.
例:This is too difficult a text for me.
这篇课文对我来说太难了。
(5) can't … too +形容词 无论……也不为过
例:We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
8. where 句型
(1) where 引导的定语从句
例:This is the house where he lived last year.
这就是他去年住过的房子。
(2) where 引导的状语从句
例:Where there is a will,there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
He left his key where he could find.
他将钥匙放在易找到的地方。
I will go where I want to go.
我要去我想去的地方。
(3) where 引导的表语从句
例:This is where you are wrong.
这正是你错的地方。
9. wish 句型
(1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人现在做某事
例:I wish I were as strong as you.
我希望和你一样强壮。
(2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人过去做某事
例: I wish you had told me earlier
要是你早点告诉我就好了。
(3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人将来做某事
例:I wish you would succeed this time.
我希望你这次会成功。
10. would rather 句型
(1) would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做……
例:She would rather die than turn against his motherland.
她宁可死也不去背叛祖国。
(2) would rather have done sth 宁愿过去做过某事
例:I would rather have taken his advice.
我宁愿过去接受他的意见。
(3) would rather sb had done sth 宁愿某人过去做过某事
例:I would rather I had passed the examination last week.
我真希望通过上星期的考试。
(4) would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人现在或将来做某事
例: Who would you rather went with you?
你宁愿谁和你一起去?
11. before 句型
(1) before sb can/ could … 某人还没来得及……
例:Before I could get in a word ,he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话,他就给我量好了尺寸。
(2) It will be +时间+ before + 还有多长时间……
例:It will be 4 years before he graduates.
他还有四年时间变毕业了。
(3) had done some time before (才……)
例:We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我们航行了四天四夜才见到陆地。
(4) had not done ... before ... 不到……就……
例:We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我们还没走到一英里路就觉得累了。
(5) It was not +一段时间+ before 不多久就……
例:It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
还没到两年他们离开了那国家。
12. 强调句型
(1) It is /was +被强调部分+that(who)...
例:It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.
是我昨天给我叔叔写信的。
(2) Is/was it + 被强调部分 + that (who) ...
例:Was it your brother that you met in the street?
在街上你遇见的是你兄弟吗?
(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑问词 + is/was it that ...
例:How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?
明天你究竟怎样去看望她?
(4) do/does/did +谓语动词 (强调谓语)
例:They do know the place well.
他们的确很熟悉那个地方。
13. 用于表示过去未实现的希望和计划的句型
(1)would like to/ would love to have done sth.
例:I would like to have written to you.
我本想给你写信的。
(2) was / were going to do sth.(用过去将来时态表示原打算做什么)
例:Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.
Lucy 原打算看一场篮球比赛。
高中英语语法题
1 It is +次数+that sb have/has done sth 如果用was 则相应往后推一个时态2 强调句型 强调的是原因状语 去掉强调句型的结构就是She isn't allowed to go to the pub beacuse she is too young .3让步状语不管这部电影多成功,A本身结构错误CD不可以充当状语B中however相当于no matter how4我觉得出题人可能是想高中还是纪律问题比较严重吧
1. This is the first time that...(从句要用现在完成时,指过去用过去完成时)2. It is because ...that...强调句型3. however...让步状语从句,等于no matter how...4. 学校面对的应是纪律问题,A. 主要的 B. 原则 C. 纪律 D. 政策
对于很多高中生来说,高中英语语法是最难的知识,迟迟无法攻克高中英语语法这个难关。下面是我为你整理的高中英语语法单选题及答案,希望大家喜欢!
【0001】 The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only _________ the speaker_______.
【译文】 校长匆匆来到音乐大厅,结果发现演讲者早已走了。
A. to find; left B. to find; gone
C. finding; left D. finding; gone
【答案及简析】 B。 不定式表结果时,常指出人意料的结果。第二个考察点是find+宾语+形容词(补语),表状态。
【0002】 ―I failed again. I wish I _________ harder.?―But you _________.
【译文】 ――我又失败了。我真该努力学习。――但是你没有哇。
A. had worked; hadn’t B. worked; don’t
C. had worked; didn’t D. worked; didn’t
【答案及简析】 C。 第一空表达与过去事实相反的愿望,所以用过去完成时态表虚拟语气。第二空说明过去的事实,用一般过去时态。
【0003】 ―Why not go out for a walk before breakfast? ―Oh,yes. _________ is my favorite time of day.
【译文】 ――早饭前你为什么不出去散步呢? ――嗯。是的。那是我一天最美好的时光。
A. In the early morning B. Early morning
C. The early of morning D. The early morning that
【答案及简析】 B。 空处缺少一主语,而非状语。
【0004】 It was not until liberation that _________ to his hometown.
【译文】 直到解放他才回到家乡。
A. did he return B. was he returned
C. he did return D. he returned
【答案及简析】 D。 此句为强调结构: It is/was…that…强调之前的句子为: He didn’t returnedto his hometown until liberation.要注意not…until…句型变成强调句后的not的位置
【0005】 ―I?d like a pen which _________ well.―Will this one _________?
【译文】 ――我很想又一只好写的笔。 ――这只笔如何?
A. writes; do B. writes; work
C. is written; do D. is written;work
【答案及简析】 A。 此处write作不及物动词,表事物的性质,类似词: sell,wash等。第二句用do来代替上句的write well。
【0006】 --Can you finish the writing on time??--_________.?
【译文】 --你能按时完成你的协作么?--没问题。
A. Never mind B. With pleasure
C. No problem D. All right
【答案及简析】 C。 No problem表示"没问题"
【0007】 --When _______ we meet again??--_______ it any time you like.
【译文】 --我们什么时候再相聚?--你喜欢何时见面都可以。
A. will; Do B. will; Make
C. shall; Do D. shall; Make
【答案及简析】 D。 "完全可以"。其他不合题意。
【0008】 Look! There are lots of ________ birds flying over the trees.
【译文】 看!树上有许多好看的红色小鸟。
A. funny red little B. funny little red
C. little funny red D. little red funny
【答案及简析】 B。 shall用于第一
【0009】 They couldn’t eat in a restaurant because ______ of them had _______ money on them.
【译文】 他们不可能在餐厅吃饭,因为谁都没带钱。
A. all; no B. any; no
C. none; any D. no one; any
【答案及简析】 C。 三人称,在问句中表示征求对方意见。
【0010】 --Shall we meet right now??--Sorry. I’m too busy to _______ for the moment.
【译文】 --我们可以马上见面吗?--对不起,此刻我忙得抽不开身。
A. get through B. get away
C. get off D. get together
【答案及简析】 B。 只要你记住"限数描大形,新色国材名"这句话,此题就迎刃而解。
第一招:还原法
高考命题常以复杂的句型来增加考题的难度,有意给学生造成理解和判断上的困难。面对这种题型,考生要能透过复杂的语言环境,结合语法结构,还原出“庐山真面目”。这样题目就会变得简单,答案就会一目了然。这种结构常为:1)将疑问句还原为陈述句;2)将强调句还原为陈述句;3)将感叹句还原为陈述句;4)将倒装句还原为正常语序;5)将被动语态还原为主动语态。
1. 将疑问句还原为陈述句
【典型考题】例1: Is this school_______ you visited last month?
A. one B. the oneC. that D. what
【指点迷津】 这是一个一般疑问句,如果不用还原法考生会误把this school分析成定语从句的先行词,反而掉进C项that这个陷进。如果把句子还原成陈述句This school isyou visited last month,考生就可以看出这个定语从句缺少先行词the one和引导词that / which。the one 特指this school, that / which作宾语可以省略。因此答案是B项the one。
2. 将强调句还原为陈述句
例1: —Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm_______we worked.(2007年山东卷)
A. that B. thereC. which D. where
【指点迷津】这是一个强调句型,强调地点状语on the farm。如果把句子还原成陈述句It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her,考生就可以看出on the farm后where引导了一个定语从句,且省略了that I got to know her这一结构,因此答案是D项where。
3. 将感叹句还原为陈述句
【典型考题】different life today is_______ what it was 30 years ago!
A. How; from B. What a; fromC. What; from D. How; with
【指点迷津】这是一个感叹句,如果把句子还原成陈述句Life today is different from what it was 30 years ago.再变为感叹句就很容易选出正确答案A项。但是如果本题不用还原法而直接选择则会很容易掉进陷阱B,错选成What a; from。
4. 将倒装句还原为正常语序
5. 将被动语态还原为主动语态
第二招:添加法
高考命题常使用省略句使考生不易看清句子的结构。对于这类试题,可恢复被省略的成分,使句子的结构变得明朗,进而选择出合适的答案。
第三招:分隔法
分隔法是用各类短语、各种从句或谓语动词将两个原来在语法关系上甚为密切的句子成分隔开,这样在很大程度上增加了考生对句子的理解难度。这种方法在定语从句和同位语从句的命题中很多,考生答题时可采用画括号的方法直接确定前面的先行词或中心词。
第四招:化简法
高考命题为了增加句子的难度,命题人常将起干扰作用的定语从句、介词短语或插入语混在句子中,有意给学生造成理解和判断上的困难。
第五招:突破定势法
高考命题人常利用考生熟悉已久的句型结构、固定搭配或者母语为“诱饵”给考生造成假象,考生因为思维定势负迁移的影响,而忽略了题中已经变化的条件或情境,轻而易举选出“正确答案”,结果掉进了陷阱。考生在做这类试题时,要仔细分析句子结构或者句意,以免掉入命题者设计的陷阱。
1,培养兴趣,勤奋刻苦。
兴趣是最好的老师,只要对英语有浓厚的兴趣,就等于成功了一半。一开始可以起点低一点,进度慢一点,巩固多一点,这样就可以收获多一点,兴趣浓一点。现在随着家庭生活水平的提高,不少高中学生产生了贪图安逸,追求享乐的倾向。于是想走捷径,甚至迷信一些商业广告。其实,每一个学习上成功的学生都是付出了艰苦的劳动的,单凭小聪明、临时突击是学不好功课的。要点滴积累,不要急于求成。记住:Rome is not made in one day,急于求成就可能会造成消化不良,或者一事无成的结果。急于求成往往表现为对自己提出过高的要求。这样做会给自己很大压力,进而对自己失去信心,失去学英语的兴趣。
2,自主学习,善借他力。
学习的最高境界就是自主学习。初中时,总是靠老师、家长督促才不得不学。到了高中以后,很多同学都有了自己的人生目标,学习目的也更加明确。知道自己今天该做什么,明天该做什么,而不是盲目地四处出击,临时应付。
3,听力模仿,敢于表达。
加强语音训练。要借助录音机、复读机,模仿语音语调,利用早读时间大声朗读甚至背诵。任何时候起步都不晚。要知道树立信心的过程就是不断犯错的过程。要勇于犯错,才能提高。坚持每天听英语半小时,可以适当做些听力练习。经过一段时间训练后,调整听力材料的难度。尽量多渠道、多方位地练习听,目的是练“耳感”。既要精听,更要泛听,两者相结合。说英语一不要怕犯错误,二不要怕别人笑话。要争取一切机会讲英语,和外国人讲,和同学讲,实在没办法的时候和自己讲甚至对着桌子讲。
4,常规学习、层层落实。
认真对待学习中的五个环节,即课前预习,上课,课后复习,完成作业和习题纠错。课前预习要自觉,要力争自己读懂、学会教师将要讲的东西,并发现自己不甚明白的地方。有条件的话,还应自己翻查资料,攻克难点。上课要积极参与活动,听讲要学会抓重点,笔记要记下关键有用的东西。课后复习要及时,可采用回想法,并善于概括集中。作业不但要完成,还要从所完成的作业中总结审题、解题的规律。最后一环是习题纠错,最好是备一个纠错本,建立错题集,定期回顾,各个击破。
5,大量练习、及时总结。
英语与其说是学会的,不如说是练会的。做练习不能只局限于课后作业,课后作业往往过于简单,不能满足应试的需要。平时每学完一个单元,就要做配套巩固练习,每学一个语法项目,就要做专项训练,在练习中使学到的知识不断得到巩固。另外,练习中要揣摩规律,要学会总结,善于模仿,了解背景知识,分辨语言应用环境。
6,积累词汇、抓好阅读。
英语中名词用法高考真题
过去我们曾经认为有些不可数名词可转化为可数名词,其实,那并不是“转化”的问题,而是这个名词本身就兼有不可数和可数两种属性,而这两种属性下,其词义自然就有不同。 例:Every year the school consumes lots of ____ to print examination _______. A. paper; papers B. paper; paper C. papers; papers D papers; paper 答案A。paper做不可数名词是“纸张”的意思,而做可数名词是“试卷、报纸、文件”的意思。 因此,识记名词首先要看分类属性,然后再记词义。在理解和把握名词的“数”时,还要注意下面几个问题: 1.“绝对的”不可数名词 英语中,有些不可数名词,如:fun,progress等,是“从一而终”的,也就是说,在任何情况下都不能用不定冠词(a/an)和数词限定。 例一:_____ fun it is to jump into a pool or go swimming in summer! A. What a B. How C. How a D. What 答案D。本题容易误选A。 例二:But back then, it was a huge ____ , especially when compared with the car mobile phones that had been in use since the 1940s. A. progress B. mistake C. advancement D. failure 答案C。本题容易误选A。 2.具体化了的不可数名词 属于不可数名词的有些抽象名词,可以具体化。这时,它的前面要用不定冠词修饰。如: rain(雨)一a heavy rain(一场大雨), swim(游泳)一have a swim(去游泳) knowledge(知识)一a good knowledge of French(对法语很好的了解和熟悉) 例 Many people agree that ___ knowledge of English is a must in ___ international trade today. ; / ; an ; the D./; the 答案A。作为抽象名词的knowledge,在这里表示“知道;熟悉”,被具体化了。 3.名词身有两性,即兼有可数和不可数性 英语里有很多名词既可以是可数的,又可以是不可数的。有时意思相近,但更多的是语义大相径庭。 例一:The teacher asked his students to help the old lady to do some housework and they made a good _____ of it. A. job B. work C. task D. justice 答案A。本题容易误选B。work当“工作”“活儿”讲时,是不可数名词,不能用不定冠词来限定。 例二:He gained his______ by printing _______of famous writers. ; work ; works ; work ; works 答案D。wealth 指“财富”,是不可数名词;复数形式的works,指文学、艺术作品。 例三:Mr. Johnson used to work in the ___ department of the chemical ____. A. sale; work B. sales; work C. sales; works D. sale; works 答案C。复数形式的works可以指工厂(factory)。the chemical works指化工厂。 例四:____ came that they had ___ with each other for the property division. A. Words; word B. Word; word C. Word; words D. Words; words 答案C。不可数形式的word指的是“消息”,而可数的word的复数形式在这里指“争吵”。 例五:Of the seven days in the a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular ____ for a wedding in some countries. A. way B. situation C. event D. choice 答案D。考查异义词的辨识。在一周的七天中,星期六是人们最喜欢的“选择”,因此,使用choice一词。 例六:Despite such a big difference in towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. A. point B. idea C. attitude D. sight 答案C。考查名词的搭配。“…towards…”考查名词的搭配结构。“attitude towards…”……的态度。其他三个选项一般不搭配这个介词。 例七:I can’t say which wine is best—it’s a (n)________ of personal taste. 答案C。考查名词的搭配。“……事关个人的口味”,选择a matter of。 例八:Zhenghe made several _______across the oceans to look for new continents. A. journeys B. trips C. voyages D. travels 答案C。考查同义词区别。几个选项词义都是旅行,但只有voyages和海上旅行有关。 例九:Anna’s father showed too much to her little brother, which made her unhappy. 答案B。考查异义词的辨识。favour喜欢,喜爱。 例十:——What a pleasant ______ these trees give us! ——Why not stop here and have a rest in it? A. shadow B. shade C. scene D. place 答案B。考查近义词区别。shade为“遮阴地”,shadow为“影子”。 例十一:I haven't got a single _____ from Aunt Mary since I last saw her. A. advice B. news C. message D. information 答案C。考查名词“数”的判断。advice ,news , information均为不可数名词,不能用不定冠词来直接限定。 例十二:“I don’t think it’s my ________that the TV blew just turned it on,that’s all,”said the boy. 答案C。考查同义词辨析。fault侧重于造成差错的主观责任;error、mistake侧重于“错误”这一客观事实;而duty则是指责任、义务、该做的事。 二、名词“数”清,词义才能记准 学习名词,同学们一般都是只注意名词的“义”,往往会忽略名词的“数”;有时是注意“数”了,但却是用汉语“数”的概念来想英语单词的“数”,于是就出现了许多典型的错误。 例:Father went to his doctor for ______ about his heart trouble. advice advices 答案B。advice为不可数名词,不能直接用不定冠词限定,也不能使用复数。本题容易误选A和C。 英语里,名词有“可数名词(countable noun)”和“不可数名词(uncountable noun)” 之分,而可数名词又有“单数(singular form)”和“复数(plural form)”之别。学习名词,首先要注意其分类标注。名词词义的区别和一词多义,都是建立在名词分类基础上的。(南开中学 段胜利)
4. 名词性从句中主语从句,it做形式主语,选that引导从句 5,选B 这是表语从句,用在be 动词之后,因为agree + (with +名词,)做状语 6,选D 表语从句,因为with+名词,所以是用what 7,选C for +名词,用what引导,这是介词+宾语,介宾结构 8, C 主语从句,what surprised me most , was 后面是表语从句 9,B 这是定语从句,as引导 10,A 主语从句,it 做形式主语 11,选D what is reported in the newspaper做主语 您好 建议您多看看这些句子的结构,多记忆和理解 主语从句,就是主语是句子 宾语从句就是宾语是句子 表语从句 就是表语是句子构成 多做习题 多分析 一、概说 名词性从句,即指性质相当于名词的从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.从高考的考查的实际情况来看,名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句,其次是主语从句,再次是表语从句,而同位语从句则很少考查. 二、名词性从句的一般引导词 1.连接词 that 引导名词性从句时,只起连接作用,没有任何意思,也不充当句子成分,在宾语从句中可省略,但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略.如: I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好. That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你. 2.连接词 whether 引导名词性从句也不充当句子成分,但有自己的意思,表示“是否”;引导宾语从句时,可换成 if,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if.如 He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路. Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看.(引导主语从句,不能用 if 代替 whether) 3.连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等引导名词性从句时,均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等.如: That’s why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因. When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系. Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个. 4.连接副词 when, where, why, how 等引导名词性从句,也各自有自己的意义,在从句中作状语.如: The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划. When she’ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气. Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜. 三、名词性从句的重要引导词 1. what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词,它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,但不用于引导同位语从句.它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是:一是表示“什么”,带有疑问意味;二是表示“…所…的”,相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词.如: I don’t know what you want. 我不知道你想要什么. I don’t know what you want is this. 我不知道你所想要的是这个. 2. what 引导名词性从句时可用作限定词,其后修饰名词.如: I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了. He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我. 注:what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词,但通常不能是单数可数名词,并且后接不可数名词时,有时可有little修饰,两者的区别是:what+不可数名词=所有的都,what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部.如: What friends she has are out of the country. 她有的那些朋友全在国外. We gave him what (little) help we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助. 3. whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句,其意分别为“所…的一切事或东西”、“任何…的人”、““…的任可人或物”等.如: Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去. I’ll do whatever I can to help him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他. Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的. 注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子: 任何人来都欢迎 误:Who es will be wele. / Anyone es will be wele. 正:Whoever es will be wele. / Anyone who es will be wele. 另外,它们也可引导让步状语从句,其意为“无论…”、“不管…”,其意相当于 no matter who [what, which].如: Whatever happens, you must be calm. 不管发生什么情况,你都必须镇静.(whatever = no matter what) He won't eat you, whoever he is. 不管他是谁,他也不能把你吃掉.(whoever = no matter who) 注:whoever 引导名词性从句时既用作主格也用作宾语;作宾语时不宜用 whomever,因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个已几乎废弃不用. 4. why 与 because 的用法区别.两者均可引导表语从句,但前者强调结果,后者强调的原因.如: I had a cold. That’s why I didn't e. 我感冒了,因此我没来. I didn’t e. That’s because I had a cold. 我没有来,那是因为我感冒了. 五、名词性从句的语序 名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同,尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 和连接副词 when, where, why 等引导的名词性从句,不要受它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序.如: Why was she crying? 她为什么在哭? I don’t know why he was crying. 我不知道她为什么哭. 六、名词性从句的时态问题 1.当主句的谓语动词是过去式时,宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理,其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态.如: She said that she didn't want to know. 她说她不想知道. I asked her whether she would agree. 我问她是否会同意 2. when, if 这两个词既可引导名词性从句,也可引导状语从句.当它们引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时,要直接使用将来时态;但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时,则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义.如: I don’t know when he will e, but when he es, I’ll call you. 我不知道他什么时候,但当他来的时候,我会打电话给你. 句中第一个when 引导的是宾语从句,故用将来时态表示将来意义;第二个when 引导的是时间状语从句,故用一般现在时表示将来意义.
为了让大家熟悉高考英语名词考点,能在考试中取得高分。下面由我为你提供的,希望能帮到你。
一
1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _____ newspaper, with _____ in her eyes.
A. a, tear B. a piece of, tears C. a, tears D. a piece of, tear
【陷阱】误选D,许多学生错误地认为,既然news***讯息***和 paper***纸***均为不可数名词,那么newspaper***报纸***也应是不可数的;同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”,“水”不可数,“泪水”和“眼泪”也应该不可数。
【分析】最佳答案为C。newspaper和 tear均为可数名词,它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用复数,而且还可以连用数词。
Her eyes filled with tears. 她热泪盈眶。
She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼泪。
The newspapers were full of lies. 报纸上一片谎言。
A newspaper is a publication. 报纸是一种出版物。
若不是将 newspaper 当作是供阅读或传递资讯的一种东西,而只是把它当成一种“纸”来看待,也可用作不可数名词,如:
Wrap it in ***a sheet of*** newspaper. 把它用张报纸包起来。
2. Her father works as a ______ in a hotel and her mother a ______ in a private pany.
A. cooker, typewriter B. cook, typist C. cooker, typist D. cook, typewriter
【陷阱】误选A,许多同学想当然地认为:cook 用作动词,表示“煮饭”,所以 cooker 应是其相应的名词,表示“煮饭的人”,即“厨师”;type 用作动词,表示“打字”,所以 typewriter 应表示“打字员”。
【分析】而事实是:cook=厨师,cooker=炊具;typist=打字员,typewriter=打字机。即此题正确答案为B。
3. “Why couldn’t they meet us at five o’clock?” “Because they were delayed by ________.”
A. heavy traffic B. heavy traffics C. crowded traffic D. crowded traffics
【陷阱】B、C、D三项均容易误选。
【分析】对于此题,首先要明确traffic为不可数名词,没有复数形式,故排除B和D。另外,汉语习惯说“交通拥挤”,而英语习惯上却不能用crowded 来修饰 traffic,要表示汉语的“交通拥挤”,英语通常说heavy traffic,即选A。如下面一题也是选A:
She is not a petent driver and can’t cope with driving in _______.
A. heavy traffic B. heavy traffics
C. crowded traffic D. crowded traffics
4. In fact, _______ one cause that leads to the problem.
A. cattle is B. cattle are C. cattles are D. the cattles are
【陷阱】此题容易误选A,想当然地认为cattle是单数,并且空格有表单数的one,自然谓语动词用is。
【陷阱】其实,正确答案为B。cattle***牲畜,牛***为 *** 名词,尽管它不带复数词尾-s,却永远表示复数意义,若用作主语,谓语要用复数。又如:
For this many cattle were killed. 为此宰了不少牲畜。
The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。
类似地,police***警察***,people***人***,police***警察***,poultry***家禽***等也具有同样用法,即只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义;用作主语时谓语通常也用复数;不与 a***n*** 连用,但可与the连用***表示总括意义和特指***。如:
The poultry have been fed. 家禽已经喂过饲料了。
In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英国警察通常不带枪。
It annoys me when people forget to say “thank you”。 遇到有人忘记道谢的时候,我就不痛快。
5. By all _______, you must try every _______ to help him.
A. mean, mean B. means, means C. means, mean D. mean, means
【陷阱】误选C,认为第一空前有all修饰,故用means,而第二空前有every修饰,故用mean。
【分析】其实,means是一个单复数同形的名词,并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说,在表示“方式”、“方法”时,不存在mean这一形式***mean主要用作动词,表示“意思是”;也可用作名词,表示“中间”、“中庸”***。此题正确答案为C,by all means为习语,意为“一定”、“尽一切办法”。means用作主语时,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比较:
All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的办法都已经试过了。
Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的办法都已经试过了。
若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数,其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如:
Is [Are] there any other means of getting more money? 还有其他什么办法可弄到更多钱吗?
二
6. Jim is ______ person, and everyone is willing to be ______ with him.
A. so kind a, friends B. so a kind, friends C. so kind a, friend D. so a kind, friend
【陷阱】误选C或D。认为 friend要用单数。
【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A。so kind a person相当于such a kind person,注意两者中冠词的位置不同。be friends with是习语,意为“与……友好”、“跟……做朋友”,与之同义的类似地还有make friends with。值得说明的是,这类短语中的名词总是用复数,即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如:
He is friends with me. 他与我是朋友。
He has made friends with everyone here. 他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。
7. We already have ______ pencils, but we need two ______ pens.
A. dozen of, dozen B. dozens of, dozens C. dozens of, dozen D. dozens of, dozen of
【陷阱】误选 B。
【分析】此题最佳答案为C。关于dozen的复数是否加词尾-s的问题比较复杂,大致原则是:
***1*** 当它与具体数字连用时,既不加复数词尾-s,也不后接介词of。尽管有的词书也有 two dozen of 这样的用例,但这已属过时用法,在考试中应避免,如1992年全国高考有一道单项选择题就认为two dozen of为错误选项:
Shortly after the accident, _____ police were sent to the spot to keep order.
A. dozens of B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen [D]
***2*** 当它不与具体数字连用,而是表示不确定的泛指数时,则不仅要加复数词尾-s,而且要后接介词 of,此时可将dozens of***许多,几十***视为习语。如:
I’ve been there dozens of times. 我去过那儿几十次。
She’s got dozens of boy-friends. 她的男朋友很多。
下面一例中的dozens加了复数词尾-s也属为似情况:
Pack them in dozens. 按打装袋吧。
***3*** 当与 a few, several 等数目不很具体的词连用时,加不加复数词尾-s均可,但需注意:不加复数词尾-s时,其后的介词of可以省略;加词尾-s时,其后介词 of不能省略。如:
several dozen ***of*** pencils=several dozens of pencils几打铅笔
注:英语较少使用many dozen的说法,要表示类似意思可用dozens of。
***4*** 当它后面的名词受 the, these, those 等特指限定词修饰时,或其后的接的是us, them这样的人称代词时,则此时必须用介词 of。如:
two dozen of these eggs 两打这种鸡蛋
three dozen of them 它们中的3打
注:score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上类似用法。
8. She raised her finger to her lips as _____ for silence.
A. an idea B. a mark C. a sign D. a word
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】应选C,sign与mark的区别是:sign 的意思是“迹象”、“征兆”gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information, a mand, etc***用手或头等做出示意动作以传递资讯或命令等***,mark 的意思是 written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication of sth***书写与印刷的符号或图、线等记号***。
根据此二词的语义区别以及常识可知答案为C。类似地,下面两题的答案也是C:
***1*** Those black clouds are a sure _____ that it’s going to rain.
A. thing B. mark C. sign D. one
***2*** Just as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a ______ of good harvest next year.
A. mark B. track C. sign D. appearance
但是,下面一题却不能选sign,也不能选mark,而选symbol***象征***:
The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a***n*** _____ of courage and power.
A. example B. sign
C. mark D. symbol
在近几年的高考中像这类结合词义区别以及语境和生活常识进行考查的试题经常出现,同学们需引起注意。
9. “May I take your order now?” “We’d like three black _______ and two green _______.”
A. coffee, cups of teas B. coffees, teas C. cups of coffee, tea D. cup of coffees, teas
【陷阱】误选C,认为coffee和tea均为不可数名词,不能后加复数词尾-s,从而排除选项A、B、D。
【分析】选B。有的同学认为 coffee 和tea是物质名词,不可数,不能用 three coffees, two teas 这样的表达。其实,coffee既可用作不可数名词,表示“咖啡”这种物质,也可用作可数名词,表示“一杯咖啡”,即在口语中 three coffees 就等于 three cups of coffee。同样,“三杯茶”既可说成 three cups of tea,也可说成 three teas;“三杯啤酒”既可说成 three glasses of beer,也可说成 three beers。
10. _____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. Walk B. Walking
C. The walk D. To walk
【陷阱】容易误选A或D。
【分析】最佳答案为B。分析如下:
***1*** 首先,选项D不如选项B佳,因为,不定式通常表示特定的动作,而动名词才表示习惯性的动作。
***2*** 尽管walk用作名词时可以表示“散步”,但它是可数名词,指的是一次一次的具体的散步,而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“散步”,要表示此义,要用动名词 walking。比较:
How about going for a walk? 出去散散步如何?
Walking does good to your health. 散步对你的健康有益。
类似地,dance 和 dancing 以及 swim 和 swimming 的区别也是一样:
***1*** 名词的 dance表示“跳舞”,是可数名词,指的是一次一次的具体的跳舞,而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“跳舞”,要表示后者的意思,要用动名词转化来的名词 dancing。比较:
Let’s have a dance. 我们跳曲舞吧。
He is interested in dancing. 他对跳舞感兴趣。
***2*** 名词的 swim表示“游泳”,是可数名词,指的是一次一次的具体的游泳,而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“游泳”,要表示后者的意思,要用动名词转化来的名词 swimming。比较:
She had a swim every day. 她每天游一会儿泳。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
高中英语语法难题
1. 副词可以引导状语从句. 加不加标点符号,要看从句放在哪里. 从句放在主句前,则加逗号;如果主句在前,则不必加标点符号2. 考察强调句+情态动词表示推测两个知识点. 强调句it is ...that... +can表示推测3 填的是repairing,它是 IN 的宾语,4 ONce引导条件状语从句,once begun = once the research is begun,nothing can ....5 定语从句,必须用 that的情况,可以参考定语从句的用法, 比如先行词有人有物,被不定代词修饰,序数词或形容词最高级修饰等6 考察定语从句和WAY的用法。 you thought of是定语从句,关系代词做OF的宾语,所以可以省略,WAY后面可以跟TO DO或OF DOING.这题答案应选B,TO DO7 Is it the second time that 这题可以认为定语从句(解释就可参考上面的)也可以认为时间状语从句(根据意思:第二次).,但不是同位语从句(抽象名词+引导词+抽象名词的具体内容),给你的建议:1 分清定语从句,状语从句和名词性从句的区别 2 不要过于分清一些词或句型的语法作用,如1,7, 因为以后对语法的考察将会简单
句子结构、动词用法和从句等是高中语法重点难点。做题时,遇到复杂句,可先分析句子结构,先分析主句结构,再分析从句结构,然后确定所缺成分,最后选择答案。你可以结合书本和语法书把语法重点难点弄懂,然后借助例句来记语法点。之后要做大量习题来巩固知识,并检查自己的掌握情况。平时多读课文,培养语感,积累词汇、句型等。把做错的题目集成错题集,用于复习,随时查缺补漏。
1. 这个问题我不清楚你具体想问些什么,就先找我理解的回答一些,你待会儿追问就是了,如果副词是做的连词了,成为一个状语从句,一般情况下都会加逗号的,如果只是个短语结构,就不用加的了,你可以把步步高那个例句写出来看一下。2 这个是一个强调句的句型,It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。 这句话中只是多加了一个can ,来表示推测的语气。强调的部分是地点【in the desk】,这句话时强调句的疑问句结构。3 填repairing 没错,但是理解有点小问题,不是宾语补足语,宾语补足语是对宾语的动作的补充,但是repairing 的动作的发出者并不是 the whole morning ,而是the old man ,应该是个双宾语结构,这两个动作都是man发出的。这个句子其实就是一个固定句型的考察,楼主记牢就是了。4.once是引导的一个条件状语从句,只是省略了一部分,完整后是once the research begun 5.Is this factory the one【 you visited the other day】这是一个定语从句,修饰的是the one ,the one 做的是visit 的宾语,这时that可以省略6 Please tell me the way you thought of【】the garden。you thought of是做的定语从句,修饰way,选【B】的比较合适,the way to do sth 做……的方法,方式。7 Is it the second time that you have come here 这个就是一个主语从句,it 是形式主语,代替后面真正的主语that you have come here,避免头重脚轻的情况。不知道你懂了没有,欢迎追问。希望对你有帮助的哈。。
买本语法书,最好带练习的
高中英语语法题库
动词的时态(一) 动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常用的只有9种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。1、 一般现在时的用法1) 表示经常性、习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用 often, usually, every day 等时间状语。例如:a. He goes to school every day.b. He is very happy.c.The earth moves around the sun.2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。例如:a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside.3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作(句中都带有时间状语),但限于少数动词,如:begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。例如:a. The meeting begins at seven.b. The rain starts at nine in the morning.4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。a. I like English very much.b. The story sound very interesting.5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。2.一般现在时的用法1) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday.b. He worked in a factory in 1986. 2)表示过去经常发生的动作 , 也可用 “used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。 I used to smoke. During the vacation I wouldm in the sea.注:”used to “ 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。“would + 动词原形”没有 “现在不再……”含义。另外“to be used to +名词(动名词)”表示“习惯于…..”a. I am used to the climate here.b. He is used tomming in winter.3.一般将来时的用法一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了 “ will 或 shall + 动词原形 ”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。It is going to rain.We are going to have a meeting today.2)“be to + 动词原形” 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。The boy is to go to school tomorrow. Are we to go on with this work?3) “be about to + 动词原形” 表示即将发生的动作,意为 be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。 We are about to leave.4) go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。I’m leaving for Beijing.5) 某些动词(如come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等)的一般现在时也可表示将来。The meeting starts at five o’clock.He gets off at the next stop.4.现在进行时的用法1) 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作,由“to be + 现在分词” 构成。另外, “系动词 + 介词或副词” 也表示进行时的意义。What are you doing? The bridge is under construction.2) 表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词(如have, be , here, se, like 等 ) 一般不用进行。5.过去进行时的用法1) 过去进行时过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作,由 “ was (were) + 现在分词”构成。In 1980 he was studying in a university.He was reading a novel when I came in.6.现在完成时的用法现在完成时由 “have + 过去分词其使用有两种情况:1) 现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。He has gone to Fuzhou. He has been to Fuzhou.2) 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去常用 for 和since表示一段时间的状语或so far , now, today, this wek (month, year ) 等表示包括现在内的状语。He has studied English for 5 years.He has studied English since 1985.Now I have finished the work..注意:表示短暂时间动作的词(如come, go , die, marry, buy 等)的完成时不能与for, since 等 表示一般时间的词连用。3)现在完成进行时还可用时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作。I’ll go o your home when I have finished my homework.If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.7.过去完成时的用法1) 过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用by, before, until, when 等词引导的时间状语。By the end of last year we had built five new houses.I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.8.过去将来时的用法过去将来时表示从过去的某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由 “should 或 would + 动词原形” 构成。第一人称用should, 其他人称用would. They were sure that they would succeed.9.现在完成进行时的用法现在完成进行时由 “ have (has)+ been + 现在分词”构成,表示现在以前一直进行的动作。有些动词(work, study, live, teach 等) 用现在完成时与用现在完成时意思差不多。I have worked here for three years.I have been working here for three years.但多数动词在这两种时态表示不同意思I have been writing a letter.注意:表示短暂动作的动词(finish, marry, get up, come, go 等)不能用这种时态。
讲解和题目都有了,只是题目太长,经济年度高考题也有好几十条,粘不上来,要觉得好就给你邮箱语法专项复习四:动词的时态和语态动词的时态时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常见的只有九种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。(一)一般现在时1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other. 2. 表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy.3. 表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。(二)一般过去时1. 表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如: We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film.2. 表示过去习惯性动作。例如: I used to do my homework in the library.(三)一般将来时1. 表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如:I will/shall graduate next year.2. 一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如:Crops will die without water. You won’t succeed without their support.3. 几种替代形式: (1) be going to+动词原形结构的用法 这种结构表示主体现在的意图,即打算在最近或将来要做某事。例如:What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么? 此外, 这种结构也可表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很可能即将发生某事。这时主语既可指人也可指物,此结构往往表示客观事态的发展,而不是表示主观的意图。例如: Look at these black clouds. —It’s going to rain. 看这些乌云。天快要下雨了。 I’m afraid I’m going to have a bad cold. 恐怕我要得重感冒。 注:be going to与will用法上的异同及比较说明: ① be going to与will都可用来表示即将发生的事情。前者多用于口语,后者常用于书面语和正式文告中。例如:There’ll (=is going to) be a football match in our school next week. 下周我校将举行(有)一场足球赛。 ② be going to 与will都可用来表示意图。例如: I will (=am going to) climb the hill tomorrow. 我将于明天去登山。 注:一般来说,“意图”是事先经过考虑的,用be going to表示;反之则用will。will还多用于对话中,即一方听了对方的话后所作出的反应。例如: They’re going to meet at the school gate. 他们打算在学校大门见面。 —- Please bring me a cup of tea. 请给我端杯茶来。 —I’ll do it in a minute. 我马上就去(端)。 ③ be going to常含有“即将”之意;而will即可表示“即将”又可表示“较长时间后的未来”,或不表示任何特定的将来时间概念。例如: We’re going to visit the factory. 我们即将去参观那家工厂。 He’ll write a book one day. 他有朝一日要写书。 The house will break down. 那屋子(迟早)要倒塌。④ 表示预测:be going to表示有发生某事的迹象;will则表示说话者认为要发生某事。如: It’s very dark and cold. It’s going to snow. 天很暗而且非常冷,要下雪了。 I’m sure he’ll be back in an hour. 我确信他一小时后会回来。⑤ 在表示“询问对方是否愿意”以及表示“客气的邀请”时,常用will。例如: Will you lend me the book? 你能把那本书借给我吗?⑥ be going to可用于条件句,表示将来的时间,will一般不能。例如:If you are going to watch TV this evening, you’d better finish your homework now. 你若想今晚看电视,最好现在就完成作业。⑦ 如果条件从句表示将来发生的动作或状态,主句中常用will,而条件从句中则用一般现在时表示。例如: If you go to England, you will like the food there. 如果你去英国,你会喜欢那儿的食物的。 (2) be+动词不定式结构的用法 这种结构着重指按计划或安排将要发生某事。常表示“职责、意图、约定、可能性”等。如: You are to be back by 11 o’clock. 你必须11点回来。 We are to meet at the zoo. 我们约定在动物园见面。 The football match is not to be played today. 今天不能举行足球比赛了。 (3) be about+动词不定式结构的用法这种结构表示“最近或马上要发生的动作”, 不与具体时间状语连用。例如: I was about to leave when Mary came. 我正要走时, 玛丽来了。 (4) be+v.-ing结构的用法这种结构表示按计划即将发生的动作,用进行时形式表示将来的时间,但只适用于表示位置移动的动词。例如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly (乘飞机)等,并常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于进行时的动作。例如:Where are you going this Saturday? 这个星期六你准备去哪儿?Mr. Li is flying to Shanghai tomorrow morning. 李先生明天早晨乘飞机去上海。(5) 用一般现在时表示将来的时间的用法 这种用法除了动词be外,一般适用于表示位置转移的动词, 例如:go, come, leave, start, arrive, move, return, fly等,或表示根据规定或时间表上预计要发生的动作或事态。 此外,在由if, when, as soon as, until, till, after, before等引导的条件或时间状语从句中,若主句为将来时,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来的时间。例如:I’m free this afternoon. 我今天下午有空。School starts on September 1. 学校9月1日开学。I’ll give the book to him as soon as he returns. 他一回来,我就把书给他。(四)现在进行时1. 表示现在某时或某段时间内正在进行的动作。He is writing a letter now.2. 有时用来代替一般现在时态,表示一个经常性动作或状态,这时是为了表示一种感情(如赞叹,厌烦,满意,不满等)。He is always thinking of his work. (表示赞许)The boy is always talking in class. (表示不满)3. 有时用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有一个表示未来的时间状语)。 How many of you are coming to the party?(五)现在完成时 1. 现在完成时用来表示对目前状况仍有影响的,刚刚完成的动作(常与yet,already,just连用),或者过去某一时刻发生的,持续到现在的情况(常与for,since连用)。例如: I have just finished my homework. Mary has been ill for three days.2. 完成时态可用在下列结构中: (1) This (That, It) is (was) the first (second...) time +定语从句;(2) This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句;(3) This (That, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时;如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时,从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如: This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening. (六)过去进行时 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后,另一个过去的动作正在进行,或表示过去反复的习惯,常与always,continually,constantly等动词连用。例如: We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk.(七)过去完成时1. 表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如: We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. 2. 动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时,表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如: I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn't able to get away. 另外两种表示"过去想做而未做的事"的表达方式是: (1) was / were + to have done sth. 例如: We were to have come yesterday, but we couldn't.(2) intended/expected/hope/meant/planned/supposed/wished/wanted/desired+ to have done sth. 如: I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. 3. 过去完成时常用于以下固定句型: ① hardly, scarcely, barely +过去完成时+ when +过去时。例如: Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. ② no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如: No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. ③ by (the end of ) +过去时间,主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如: The experiment had been finished by 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon. (八) 一般过去将来时1. 一般过去将来时的形式should / would+ 动词原形 或 was / were + 动词-ing形式2. 一般过去将来时常用于宾语从句中,其主语的谓语动词为过去时态,可表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情,如:He said that he would speak at the meeting.He was sixty-eight. In two years he would be seventy.(九)现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远时候。现在完成进行时所用动词均为延续性动词。例如: I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still haven't found it. 注意:运用动词时态要注意的几个问题1. 在时间和条件等状语从句中不要用将来时态,如:We’ll give him the book if he wants it.He decided to fight back if he was hit again.I’ll call you as soon as I’ve finished my work.2. 时态的一致(时态的呼应),如We saw that the smoke was coming from a window.I didn’t know if she would come.He admitted that he had been on the march.*不进行时态调整的情况:(1) 从句说的是一种普遍真理,如:Long ago, people didn’t know the earth moves round the sun.(2) 当从句的谓语改成过去时可能造成误会,如Did he say that the train leaves at 5:30?3. 瞬间动词在完成时态中的使用,如:误:I have received her letter for three months.正:I received her letter three months ago.正:It is three months since I received her letter.4. 注意某些要求一定时态的句型* was/ were doing sth. when …did sth.I was reading a book when the bell rang.* was/were about to do sth. when … did sth.She was about to go out when it started to rain* 表示做事做了第几次或共几次,要用完成时态,如:It’s the first time I’ve seen her.We have been there three times.* It is / has been… since…It is (has been) two weeks since I came here.* hardly…when…We had hardly got in the crops when it began to rain.* no sooner…than…No sooner had I come into the room than the door was closed.
语法填空是高中英语试题里面的题型之一,那么你知道高中英语语法填空知识点有哪些吗?下面由我为大家整理的高中英语语法填空知识点,希望大家喜欢!
考点一:冠词:无提示词、可数名词单数之前
1. There once were a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed [40]__________ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.
2.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was [35]________ shy , nervous perfectionist.
3. …the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometers away
[解题技巧] 下列情况很可能:填不定冠词:
(1)________+可数名词(单数);
(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。
下列情况下很可能填:定冠词:
(1)________ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指);
(2)________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指);
(3)________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。
考点二:介词:无提示词、注意搭配问题
与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等
与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语
1、In short, I believe that it is [39]________ great use to keep a dairy in English… 2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back [34]_________the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen.
3. She found some good quality pipes_________ sale.
4. He was very tired _______________ doing this for a whole day…
考点三:代词:无提示词
作主语用主格,作宾语用宾格,注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。
指示代词(it和this),不定代词,it用作引导词,反身代词等
1. She remembered how difficult _________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
2. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _____ .
3. It has been said before, but experiencing it myself has made _____ want to say it again: a smile…
[解题技巧]
因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当,而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查,所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时,通常填代词,包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。
考点四:连词或从句引导词:无提示词、两个主谓结构连接
1. It was not long [39]_________ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw.
2. But nothing changed until midterm, [39]_________ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our classroom.
3. Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display.
4. One day, he came up with an idea _____ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.
[解题技巧]
(1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时,应填并列连词and, or, but等。
(2)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间,没有句号或分号,也没有连词,那空格处必定是填连接词,否则,句子结构就不完整。
根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或者根据句式结构,确定是并列句(多要求考生填and, but, while, when, or等)还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点,结合连接词的意义和用法,确定填具体的某个连词。
考点五:谓语动词:有提示词、与主语构成主谓结构
1. I was certain she would like it because I _______ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.
2. His fear of failure ________ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.
3. Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________ (result) in the contrary to our intention.
1. Do you want to know why we _____ (move) last year?
2. It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climbers __________ . ( rescue )
考点六:非谓语动词:有提示词、除谓语动词以外的动词形式
1. We must also consider the reaction of the person [32]__________ (receive) the gift. 2. …I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left ____________ (complete) the rest! 3. My pupils, Donnie [40]__________ (include), adored her.
4. She wished that he was as easy _________ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.
考点七:词性转换:有提示词
介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子
1. ―Thirty-five cents,‖ she said [36]__________ (rude).
2. As far as I am concerned, my [37] ____________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach.
3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _______ (nature) course.
4. ____________ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still a good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation.
考点八:形容词的级别:有提示词 通常,有表示范围的in /of介词短语或形容词前有the时,一般要用最高级;than的前面一定要用比较级
1、One of the [33]__________ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher…
2. … We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words.
When it was time to leave, I said ―thank you‖ in Korean, using some of the few words I had
learned. I felt __________ (lonely) than I had expected that night.
副词
1、常考结构:
(1)be+副词+ done,如be (official)given…
(2)动词+名词+副词,如we take short breaks (regular).
give out that heat (slow)…
(3)连词+副词+动词,如which (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
(4)名词/代词+副词+动词,如it (actual) caught fire…
the crowd of strangers (sudden) became…
it (regular) arranges…
2、考法:形变副
3、考过的单词:actually (actual), suddenly (sudden), slowly(slow), earlier/before, officially (official), regularly (regular), gradually(gradual)
连词
(1)考法:并列连词 and , or 从属连词(定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句)
(2)考过的连词:
①2次考查and,如 There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious…
…Korea, and Vietnam…
②or,如:a few days or even a few months
③4次考查定语从句连词,如
…show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter…
…Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.
…the Li River that/which are pictured by…
…a habit that/which is driving…
④how+副词或形容词,如 …figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be…
⑤as 形容词/副词 as,如:…be as productive as possible before lunch.
"随着"或"当……时", 如As/When the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces…
动词
(1)考法:涉及主谓一致、时态、语态、非谓语。简称一致二态三非
(2)考过的动词:其中提示词be出现5次,make 出现2次,use 出现2次。
①动词原形,如…make(make)sure it’s a relief…
②第三人称单数,如:This cycle goes (go) day after day.
③过去式, 如:…when I arrived (arrive) in Yangshuo…
A boy on a bike caught (catch) my attention.
④Be动词考查,如:
Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be)often acceptable.
Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were (be) too violent…
It was (be) unimaginable…
Yangshuo is (be) really beautiful.
⑤被动语态:如 …I was allowed(allow)to get up close to…
Truly elegant chopsticks might be made (make) of…
⑥现在分词:主要位于介词或后接doing的动词之后,如…will include introducing(introduce)British visitors…
Still, the boy kept riding (ride).
People probably cooked their food in large pots, using (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.
without using (use) electric equipment
…worried about being (be) late for school.
…for people living (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
⑦过去分词作后置定语。如:
I was the first Western TV reporter permitted(permit)…
A study of travelers conducted (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo…
The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired…
⑧不定式,表目的或用于固定结构中(It took years of work to do; refuse to do, be+形容词+to do , be likely to do),如:
…you’ll be less likely to bring(bring)your work home.
Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to create (create) special designs.
…are now cold enough to cool (cool) the house…
It took years of work to reduce (reduce) the industrial pollution…
…but he refused to stop (stop)…
⑨助动词用于疑问句, 如“ Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”
名词(2014年全国II卷没考)
(1)名词考查结构:
①冠词(the)+名词+动词(be);
②形容词性物主代词(their)/形容词(top/many/few/recent)+名词;
③冠词(the)+名词+介词(of);
④介词(of)+名词:
(2)考查方式及考过单词:
①名词单数变复数【changes(change), paintings (painting),studies(study)】
②动词变名词单数【achievement (achieve),development(develop),attraction (attract)】
③形容词变名词【ability (able)】
形容词(2015年全国I卷,2016全国I卷、II卷没考)
(1)主要考查:形容词作定语修饰名词,形容词作表语
(2)形容词考查结构及考过的单词:
①比较级,如…greater (great) and less importance.
…is cleaner (clean) than ever.
②名词变形容词:
如:natural (nature) architects
Just be patient (patience).
③分词作形容词【过去分词(修饰人)作表语、现在分词(修饰物)作定语】,如:
…amazing (amaze) stories…
…some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint)…
介词(2014年全国I卷没考)
(1)主要是考查固定搭配,其中to 出现了2次
to (next to , go back to)
by (by bus)
at (at the same time)
on (focus on)
with (eat with hands)
冠词(2014年全国II卷,2015年全国I卷,2016年全国III卷没考)
(1)the出现3次:the (2次后接most, 1次后接other)
(2)a (for a while)
代词(2014年全国I卷,2015年全国II卷, 2016年全国II卷,2016年全国III卷没考)
(1)its出现2次:
作定语 如…its (it) mother…
…with its (it) choking smog…
(2)作表语 如:“Oh dear! It’s me/mine (I).”
冠词
名词前设空必须假设是否填入冠词,可翻译成“这,那,这些”符合逻辑的,尽量回避this,that,these等。应该填冠词。固定搭配除外。还有,序数词,形容词最高级前更要注意填冠词。
名词
名词复数。
1.前面有很多数量词时,one of,many,several,a few,both,dozens of等,必须用复数。
2.谓语动词是复数,必用复数。
3.后文出现they之类的复数名词暗示。
4.可数名词无限定词修饰。用复数
代词
主I宾me分场合,动介之后用宾格。
名前用my,单独mine,主宾相同要反身。
形容词,副词
比较级形式要看清楚,动词用副词修饰。副词可在动词前也可以在后。
只能接原级:
very,quite,pretty,too,enough,so,as,more,less,most
介词
介词固定搭配比较多。后出现动词,动词改用动名词形式。后出现人称代词应该写成宾格形式。
动词
时态,语态,单复数,语气四方面考虑。通常要看整篇文章的时态。
主动语态被动语态分清楚,确定单复数。是情态动词吗?是要做假设吗?
介词后加动名词。注意非谓语动词。(要区别动名词和现在分词请私信!)
连词
1.利用翻译。
2.利用逻辑关系。because so although but or and
as before
3.利用句型,短语,固定搭配
neither……nor…… either…or… 等
1.C 是句从句用法 bad temper of his 修饰that2.A 指大意3.D 这些论文4.A 指情况状态5.B 有音乐天赋的6.A 看到的景色7.B 有充沛精力8.D 前一空不特指,后一空指一个9.A 季度 比如旅游旺季10.B