会计有关的英文

有关会计的英文文章

Accounting ethics is primarily a field of applied ethics,the study of moral values and judgments as they apply to is an example of professional ethics were first introduced by Luca Pacioli,and later expanded by government groups,professional organizations,and independent are taught in accounting courses at higher education institutions as well as by companies training accountants and auditors. Due to the diverse range of accounting services and recent corporate collapses,attention has been drawn to ethical standards accepted within the accounting collapses have resulted in a widespread disregard for the reputation of the accounting combat the criticism and prevent fraudulent accounting,various accounting organizations and governments have developed regulations and remedies for improved ethics among the accounting profession. The nature of the work carried out by accountants and auditors requires a high level of shareholders,and other users of the financial statements rely heavily on the yearly financial statements of a company as they can use this information to make an informed decision about rely on the opinion of the accountants who prepared the statements,as well as the auditors that verified it,to present a true and fair view of the of ethics can help accountants and auditors to overcome ethical dilemmas,allowing for the right choice that,although it may not benefit the company,will benefit the public who relies on the accountant/auditor's reporting. 参考资料：维基

iwilltrymybesttostudysubjects,'manactive，，'，'!我会尽我最大努力来学习，我会纠正我的缺点和静心来学，我主要是学习，它是我最重要的事，我是知道的。我是一个积极的，可爱和聪明孩子，在学校，我最喜欢的科目是数学.也许有人认为是很困难的，但是我喜欢它。相信我，如果你拼尽全力，什么都可以做得很好。新一届的开始，但它是我的第一年，我的高中生活。我认为这会非常有趣而繁忙的。在第一年，我必须做我的英语更好。因为我很喜欢学习英语。不仅我要努力的我的英语水平，但必须在我的其他科目的努力。他们都是非常重要的。我希望我可以享受第一年自己，并有好成绩！

What is Accounting? Accounting is an information science used to collect, classify, and manipulate financial data for organizations and individuals. Accounting is instrumental within organizations as a means of determining financial stability. Accountants are responsible for determining an organization’s overall wealth, profitability, and liquidity. Without accounting, organizations would have no basis or foundation upon which daily and long-term decisions could be made. The budgets for marketing activities, profit reinvestment, research and development, and company growth all stem from the work of accountants. Accounting is one of the oldest and most respected professions in the world, and accountants can be found in every industry from entertainment to medicine. The accounting program at Saunders College of Business prepares students for a variety of career paths. Saunders College of Business, as a college within RIT, places an emphasis on technology and innovation in every program we offer. Our accounting program graduates have more than just a deep rooted understanding of the numbers side of accounting, they are also involved in the implementation of new accounting technologies; as well as taking leadership positions within the field.我自己试翻一下 会计是什么 会计是一种为单位或个人用来收集，分类和操控金融数据的信息学。 会计是决定单位金融稳定的有效手段。会计从业者负责为一个单位的整体财富，盈利和流动资产作抉择。没有会计，单位将没有对日常或长线投资作决定的基础。对市场活动，利益再投资，研究，发展和公司扩展的预算都以会计从业者的工作为根据。会计是世界上最古老和最受人尊敬的职业之一。

会计有关的英文

有关会计的英语词汇有哪些

导语：在英语学习过程中，我们不能忽视英语词汇的重要性，那么有关会计的英语词汇有哪些呢？一起来学习下吧：

accountant genaral会计主任

account balancde结平的帐户

account bill帐单

account books帐本

account classification帐户分类

account current往来帐

account form of balance sheet帐户式资产负债表

account form of profit and loss statement帐户式损益表

account payable应付帐款

account receivable应收帐款

account of payments支出表

account of receipts收入表

account title帐户名称，会计科目

accounting year/financial year会计年度

accounts payable ledger应付款分类帐

Accounting period会计期间

balance sheet 资产负债表

income statements (or statements of income) 利润表

retained earnings 利润分配表

cash flows 现金流量表

Marketing 市场部

Sales Department销售部

Customer Service客户服务

Human Resource 人事部

Admin. 行政部

Finance & Accounting 财务部

Product Supply产品供应

Assistant 助理

secretary 秘书

Receptionist 前台接待小姐

clerk文员

supervisor 主任

Manager 经理

GM，General Manager 总经理

admission 入场费

freight 运费

tip 小费

tuition 学费

charge 价格，代价

Manufacturing overhead 制造费用

Materials 材料费

Executive Salaries 管理人员工资

Wages 奖金

Retirement allowance 退职金

Bonus 补贴

Outsourcing fee 外保劳务费

Employee benefits/welfare 福利费

Coferemce 会议费

Special duties 加班餐费

Business traveling 市内交通费

Correspondence 通讯费

Correspondence 电话费

Water and Steam 水电取暖费

Taxes and dues 税费

Rent 租赁费

Maintenance 管理费

Vehicles maintenance 车辆维护费

Vehicles maintenance 油料费

Education and training 培训费

Entertainment 接待费

Books and printing 图书、印刷费

Transpotation 运费

Insurance premium 保险费

Commission 支付手续费

Sundry charges 杂费

Depreciation expense 折旧费

Article of consumption 机物料消耗

Labor protection fees 劳动保护费

Director 总监

Finance Controller 总会计师

Senior高级

Operating expenses 营业费用

Consignment commission charge 代销手续费

Transpotation 运杂费

Insurance premium 保险费

Exhibition fees 展览费

Advertising fees 广告费

Adminisstrative expenses 管理费用

Staff Salaries 职工工资

Repair charge 修理费

Article of consumption 低值易耗摊销

Office allowance 办公费

Travelling expense 差旅费

Labour union expenditure 工会经费

Research and development expense 研究与开发费

Employee benefits/welfare 福利费

Personnel education 职工教育经费

Unemployment insurance 待业保险费

Labour insurance 劳动保险费

Medical insurance 医疗保险费

Coferemce 会议费

Intermediary organs 聘请中介机构费

Consult fees 咨询费

Legal cost 诉讼费

Business entertainment 业务招待费

Technology transfer fees 技术转让费

Mineral resources compensation fees 矿产资源补偿费

Pollution discharge fees 排污费

Housing property tax 房产税

Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) 车船使用税

Account 、Accounting

Account 有很多意思，常见的主要是“说明、解释;计算、帐单;银行帐户”。例如：

1、 He gave me a full account of his plan。

他把计划给我做了完整的说明。

2、 Charge it to my account。

把它记在我的帐上。

3、 Cashier：Good afternoon。Can I help you ？

银行出纳：下午好，能为您做什么？

Man ：I'd like to open a bank account 。

男人：我想开一个银行存款帐户。

还有 account title（帐户名称、会计科目）、income account（收益帐户）、account book（帐簿）等。

在 account 后面加上词缀 ing 就成为 accounting ，其意义也相应变为会计、会计学。例如：

1、Accounting is a process of recording， classifying，summarizing and interpreting of those business activities that can be expressed in monetary terms。

会计是一个以货币形式对经济活动进行记录、分类、汇总以及解释的过程。

2、It has been said that Accounting is the language of business。

据说会计是“商业语言”

3、Accounting is one of the fastest growing profession in the modern business world。

会计是当今经济社会中发展最快的职业之一。

4、Financial Accounting and Managerial Accounting are two major specialized fields in Accounting。

财务会计和管理会计是会计的两个主要的专门领域。

其他还有 accounting profession（会计职业）、accounting elements（会计要素）等。

Accountant 比Account只多ant三个字母，其意思是会计师、会计人员。例如：

1、A certified public accountant or CPA， as the term is usually abbreviated， must pass a series of examinations， after which he or she receives a certificate。

注册会计师（或，注册会计师的缩写），必须通过一系列考试方可取得证书。

2、Private accountant ， also called executive or administrative accountant， handle the financial records of a business。

私人会计师，也叫做主管或行政会计师，负责处理公司的财务帐目。

总之，这三个词，有很深的渊源关系。

Assets、Liabilities

这三个词分别是资产、负债和所有者权益，是会计等式的三个要素。

Assets 这个词表示资产时一定要用复数形式，即词尾要有 “s”。如果不用复数形式，就成为“宝物，天赋、技能”的意思。例如：

1、 Assets are properties that are owned and have monetary values;for instance，cash，inventory，buildings，equipment。

资产是指企业所拥有的'、具有货币价值的财产，如现金、存货、建筑物、设备。

2、 Assets are the economic resources that are owned or controlled by a business and can be expressed in monetary units。

资产是由企业拥有或控制并能用货币计量的经济资源。

3、 Assets can be classified into current assets and non—current assets 。

资产可以划分为流动资产和非流动资产。

Liabilities 是liability 的复数形式。它的意思是法律上的责任、义务。如 liability for an accident （肇事的责任）;liability to pay taxes （纳税的义务）。只有其为复数形式 liabilities 时才表示负债、债务的意思。例如：

1、 Liabilities are the obligations or debt that a business must pay in money or services at some time in the future。

负债是指将来需用货币或服务偿还的债务或履行的义务。

2、 Liabilities are amounts owned to outsiders， such as notes payable， accounts payable， bonds payable。

负债是欠外部的数额，如应付票据、应付帐款、应付债券。

Owner's equity 是由 owner （所有者、业主）和equity （权益）构成为“业主权益”。例如：

1、 Owner's equity represents the owner's interest in or claim upon a business net assets which is the deference between the amount of assets and the amount of liabilities。

业主权益代表业主对企业净资产的权益或要求权，净资产是指企业的资产总额与负债之间的差额。

2、 Capital is the interest of the owners in an enterprise。 Also known as owner's equity。

资本是企业所有者的利益，也称为业主权益。

3、 Owner's equity include owner “s investment in a business and accumulated operating results since the beginning of the operation。

业主权益包括业主的投资以及企业自开业以来积累的经营成果。

上述会计要素相互之间的关系用一个简单的数学公式来表示，就是

会计恒等式。

Assets=Liabilities+Owner's equity

资产=负债+业主权益

Ledgers 和 Journals

Ledgers 在簿记上是分类帐的意思，可以和其他词汇搭配，构成许多会计词汇。如ledger accounts（分类帐户）、general ledger（总分类帐）、subsidiary ledger（明细分类帐）等。例如：

1、 Ledger accounts are used to record business transactions' effect on an accounting entity。

分类帐户被用来记录交易对会计主体的影响。

2、 A ledger account is simply a record of changes （increase and decrease）and balances in value of a specific accounting item。

分类帐户不过是特定会计项目价值的变动（增加与减少）和结余的记录。

3、 The general ledger is the book used to list all the accounts established by an organization。

总分类帐是一本列出一个单位所设立的全部帐户的帐本。

4、 Further simplification of the general ledger is brought about by the use of subsidiary ledger。

使用明细分类帐使总分类帐更加简化明了。

5、 The advantages of subsidiary ledger are as following：（1）reduces ledger detail ;（2）permits better division of labor;（3）permits a different sequence of accounts;（4）permits better internal control。

明细分类帐的优点如下;（1）减少分类帐的细节;（2）使劳动分工更合理;（3）允许不同的帐户排序（4）便于更好地内部控制。

Journal 比较常用的意思是“日记、日志;杂志、刊物”，如keep a journal （记日志）、a ship's journal （航海日志），a monthly journal （月刊），单词 diary 也有“日记”的意思，但journal 比 diary 更强调“正式记录”。Journal 在会计词汇上的意思是“日记帐”。例如：

1、 In a western accounting system ，the information about each business transaction is initially recorded in an accounting record called a Journal。

在西方会计体系中，有关每笔经济交易的资料最初是记在一本叫做“日记帐”的会计帐上。

2、 A journal is a chronological（arrange in order of time ） record of business transactions。

日记帐是对经济交易的序时（即按时间的顺序）记录。

3、 In a journal entry， the debits and credits for given transaction are recorded together， but when the transaction is recorded in the ledger， the debits and credits are entered in different accounts。

在日记帐上记帐时，既定交易的借方和贷方一起被记录，但在分类帐记录中，一笔交易的借方和贷方进入不同的帐户中。

4、 A journal may be a general journal or it may be a group of special journals。

日记帐可以是一本通用日记帐，也可以是一组特种日记帐。

会计英语文章

mydreamistobecomeasenioraccountant.iknowthisdreamisdifficulttocomplete.butibelievemyself,iwanttobeasenioraccountantandiwilltakesgreateffortsandsacrificealotoffuntime.firstofall,ishouldlearnbasicknowledgeandreadmorebooks.thenapplytheknowledgeintopractice.useactiontorealizemydream.ican！我的梦想是成为一名高级会计师。我知道这梦想远大也很难完成。但是我相信我自己，想成为一名高级会计师需要付出很大的努力和牺牲很多娱乐时间。首先，我应该学好基础知识和多看相关的书籍。然后把所学知识运用到实际当中。用行动来实现我的梦想。我能！

Iwanttobeasuccessfulaccountant.Wheniwasachild,iwasdreamingaboutbeinganaccountantbecauseiwouldbeabletoearnalargeamountofmoneywhichwouldimprovemylivingconditions.Wheniamahighschoolstudent,mypassionformathandeconomicshasneverfadedaway.Actually,iexcelinmathandalwaysamthetopstudentinclass.我想成为一个成功的会计。当我还是个孩子的时候，我梦想成为一名会计，因为我可以赚一大笔钱，这将改善我的生活条件。当我是一个高中生时，我对数学和经济学的热情从未消失过，事实上，我在数学方面很出色，而且永远是班上最好的学生。本文来自"英语汇作文网"欢迎分享本文,转载请保留出处!

ccounting is a very practical subject, after three and a half years of professional study, master some basic knowledge of accounting under the premise, in order to further consolidate the theoretical knowledge, will organically combine the theory with the practice, I in XX years from March 5th to April 15th in the financial department of Tianjin screen printing equipment supply and marketing company six week professional internship, here are some experience in the practice and experience. Through the practice, the various steps to be familiar with and master the accounting process and the concrete operation, including understanding of account of the content and basic structure, understand the account method of accounting rules, master opened and Registration accounts and prepare accounting entries operation, original vouchers to fill and audit operations and methods according to the original certificate to fill accounting documents. So I have more rational understanding of accounting and master the basic skills of accounting.I will enter the work to lay a solid foundation, this is the purpose of the internship! Previously, I always thought that their accounting more solid theoretical knowledge, as all the work, the master of the law, copy it, through this practice, only to find, in fact more sophisticated accounting of its actual operational and practical. The book seems to be just empty talk. If these highly theoretical things onto the practice application, it is impossible to start. The internship, I do accounting, just started to really not used to, to do two days, felt that the human's rickety, mood naturally become irritable, but the biggest taboo accounting is tired and upset, so the first few days, it was full of mistakes!! Fortunately, the old accountant Yang Jie's guidance and teachings I is gradually entering the state.A few days later I'm in speed and accuracy are improved a lot, for each account has a more profound and comprehensive understanding and for me to combine book knowledge and practice played a big role. The school textbooks of knowledge is the most basic knowledge, no matter how changes in reality, grasp the most basic can with changeless should. Nowadays many students would feel the classroom knowledge do not appear, frustration, but I think, if not the book knowledge, and which vary from minute to minute payable social. After the practice, although time is very short, but I learned is my one semester to learn at school. Than how to get along with colleagues, I believe that relationships are present, many students just taken a big social problem encountered, so in practice when I had intended to observe how the predecessors to get along with colleagues and superiors, and he also humbly ask for advice, make the two week internship more meaningful. The practice of our society, provides a rare opportunity to experience life, let us feel the life in the practical social activities, to understand the survival ability should have in society.Use of this rare opportunity, I work hard, strict demands on themselves, with an open mind to financial personnel to consult, to seriously study the accounting theory, learning accounting laws, regulations and other related knowledge, knowledge and use their spare time to seriously study some textbook content outside, master some of the basic accounting skills, so as to realize that I should also learn what, added urgency to enter the society, the real show our talent, and lay the foundation on the job!会计是一门实践性很强的学科，经过三年半的专业学习后，在掌握了一定的会计基础知识的前提下，为了进一步巩固理论知识，将理论与实践有机地结合起来，本人于XX年3月5日至4月15日在天津丝印器材供销公司财务部进行了为期六周的专业实习，以下是此次实习中的一些心得和体会。通过实习，熟悉并掌握会计流程的各个步骤及其具体操作--包括了解账户的内容和基本结构，了解借贷账户法的记账规则，掌握开设和登记账户以及编制会计分录的操作、原始凭证填制和审核的操作以及根据原始凭证判填制记账凭证的方法。使我对会计有更深的理性认识并掌握会计基本操作技能。我将来步入工作打下坚实的基础，这是本次实习的目的！以前，我总以为自己的会计理论知识扎实较强，正如所有工作一样，掌握了规律，照葫芦画瓢准没错，经过这次实习，才发现，会计其实更讲究的是它的实际操作性和实践性。书本上似乎只是纸上谈兵。倘若将这些理论性极强的东西搬上实际上应用，那真的是无从下手。这次实习，我是做会计，刚开始还真不习惯，才做了两天，就感觉人都快散架了，心情自然就变得烦躁了，而会计最大的忌讳就是心烦气燥，所以刚开始做的几天，那真是错误百出啊！！幸好有老会计杨姐的指导和教诲才是我逐步进入状态。几天过后我在速度和准确度上都提高了不少，对于各个会计科目有了更加深刻而全面的了解并且对于我把书本知识和实践的结合起到了很大的作用。课本上学的知识都是最基本的知识，不管现实情况怎样变化，抓住了最基本的就可以以不变应万变.如今有不少学生实习时都觉得课堂上学的知识用不上，出现挫折感，可我觉得，要是没有书本知识作铺垫，又哪应付瞬息万变的社会呢。经过这次实践，虽然时间很短，可我学到的却是我一个学期在学校难以了解的。就比如何与同事们相处，相信人际关系是现今不少大学生刚踏出社会遇到的一大难题，于是在实习时我便有意观察前辈们是如何和同事以及上级相处的，而自己也虚心求教，使得两周的实习更加有意义。此次的实习为我们深入社会，体验生活提供了难得的机会，让我们在实际的社会活动中感受生活，了解在社会中生存所应该具备的各种能力。利用此次难得的机会，我努力工作，严格要求自己，虚心向财务人员请教，认真学习会计理论，学习会计法律，法规等知识，利用空余时间认真学习一些课本内容以外的相关知识，掌握了一些基本的会计技能，从而意识到我以后还应该多学些什么，加剧了紧迫感，为真正跨入社会施展我们的才华，走上工作岗位打下了基础！

有关计算机专业的英文文章

计算机专业怎么用英文自我介绍呢？本文是计算机专业的英文自我介绍范文，仅供参考。

计算机专业英文自我介绍范文一：

Good morning, my name isXXX . it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview. now I will introduce myself briefly, I am 21 years old, born inXXX ,and currently I’m a postgraduate student of XXX University. Though my major is Information Security, actually my tutor is an expert in puter application. I entered XXX University 5 years ago, since I was graduated from XXX High School. During my bachelor time, my major was software engineering.

I have passed CET4 and CET6 when I was in my sophomore year and I have acquired basic knowledge of software engineering both in theory and in practice. Besides, I have attended a java train program that was hold by the international software school and neusoft pany.

The most memorable thing during my undergraduate era was a travel toXXX, which is a town in Hunan Province. In 2006 summer vacation, our university hold a social practice activity. I took part in the activity to investigate how the ban of Agriculture tax worked. During the tour, my roommates and I worked together, lived together, I felt that we were just from one family, that’s amazing.

To learn more about puter technology, I choose to be a postgraduate and I will receive my master degree in . I took part in two lab program. One is LAN Traffic Supervision System. The system has been developed by my tutor’s lab. It can limit the bandwidth of the hosts which are in the LAN. My work in the program was to plete the logic layer code in Java. The other program is Management Information System for XXX University Hospital The system has been developed by the hospital and puter school. Its main target is to carry out the so called “digital campus” plan. My work in the program contains design, coding, system maintenance, writing user manual, etc.

I thought The most important work is to municate with the doctors from time to time to ensure that our system meets their needs

I really improve my ability of dealing with other people.

well ,in my spare time ,I like reading novels and F1. The former let me think while enjoying while the latter is not only the union of speed and enthusia *** but also a fantastic show. It means challenge, to challenge the utmost speed of auto sports under limited articels.

OK,that’s all. Thank you.

The Third grade scholarship of study

The National scholarship of study

The Second grade master basic scholarship of study

The First grade master basic scholarship of study

A good mand of spoken and written English.

CET-6 Certificate.

Advanced programming skill in Java.

Proficient in SQL.

Possess strong expression and learning ability.

Good at setting a harmonious relationship with others in a short time.

计算机专业英文自我介绍范文二：

my name is zhao wanjun. wanjun is my given name. wan means sweet and jun means person, so my name means a sweet-tempered girl. i actually am! but you can call me june, for your

convenience, j-u-n-e, it's similar to my chinese name jun. i am from enping, a *** all city in the southwest of guangdong province, near hongkong and macao. maybe you have never been there before, it's well known for the hot springs there. in XX, i got the highest score in the college entrance examinations in my city and entered zhongshan university. my major is puter science. my gpa ranks in the top 40% among all students, but i have stronger c++ programming skills than many others. also, i was the first one to learn java in my class. i was chosen by a teacher of mine to participate in his project. the project was about a lan chat room, and i developed the instant

messaging system in it. i was the only female student in this project team. besides study and the project, i worked in the student union for two years, first year as a member, next year promoted to be the general secretary. my colleagues describe me as a reliable and considerate person. ibm is top on my job hunting list for of the reasons you hear every day. i look forward to joining a famous

pany as it means good training, good pay, and good people to work with, just like you gentlemen! technical support engineer is my ideal job because i have both a technical background and the ability to deal with clients. also, traveling isn’t a problem although i am a woman. 备注： 如果面对老外面试官， 则不谈性别。如果和中国面试官用英文自我介绍， 则可以谈论性别差异。此乃文化差异。 i am quite an

athlete, you see, i've been jogging in the morning for over two years! that's all of my self introduction, thank you!

我的名字是赵婉君。婉君是我的名字。湾仔是指甜，君是指人，所以我的名字是指甜脾气的女孩。我真的是这样的!但是你可以给我打电话6月，为方便起见， 6月，它类似于中国的名字我的6月，我从恩平一小城市，在广东省西南，靠近香港和澳门。也许你从来没有出现之前，那有众所周知的温泉。 在XX年，我得到的最高分在高考中我的城市，进入中山大学。我国主要的是电脑科学。我国 *** 采购协定排名前40 %之间的所有学生，但我有较强的c + +程式设计技能比其他许多人。另外，我是第一个以了解java在我班上。 我选择了教师的地雷参加他的专案。该专案是一个网路聊天室，我开发的即时通讯系统中。我是这个专案小组唯一的女学生。

除了研究报告和专案，我在学生会两年，第一年为成员，明年晋升为秘书长。我的同事描述我作为一个可靠和周到的人。

ibm是我最求职名单的原因你听到每一天。我期待着加入一个著名的公司，这意味着良好的培训，良好的薪酬和良好的人民一道，就像你们好! 点评：有互动。

技术支援工程师是我理想的工作，因为我既是一个技术背景和能力来处理客户。另外，旅游也没有什么问题尽管我是一个女人。 备注：如果面对老外面试官，则不谈性别。如果和中国面试官用英文面试，则可以谈论性别差异。此乃文化差异。 我很是运动员，你看，我一直在慢跑在上午两年多来!这是我所有的自我介绍，谢谢!

计算机专业英文自我介绍范文三：

My name is ** a ** college of Finance and Information Management

Department of puter science and application of fresh graduates.

Three years of specialized courses and minor courses related to learning, let me in the puter field with more solid theoretical basis. Through the school rooms and personal puters continue to practice, and to pare the system to use the knowledge learned in graduate design, which greatly improved the operational capability of my hands.

I am diligent, hardworking, dedication and responsibility. Lively and outgoing personality, dare to try to engage in innovation, as much as boys of the energy and vitality.

Experience similar to "white", but I believe I have the ability to face the difficulties encountered, and can quickly enter the work on track. As long as you are willing to "pick up a pen" to "paint", I believe I will be a beautiful "watercolor"!

As I started studying puter science the psychological selection as: puter and network is the main tool for the future. I believe that my insight. I know the speed of updating knowledge, I also need to continuously improve their professional standards. Not inferior to college students, because learning has no boundaries, and many opportunities for self-improvement. Most college students can be down to earth, more in charity work ability is not necessarily worse than high students he educated!

The computer (computer) commonly known as the computer, is a kind of computing machines for electronic high speed calculation, numerical calculations can be performed, and can carry out the logic calculation, also has the memory function. Can be run in accordance with the procedures, automatic, high-speed processing of data in modern intelligent electronic devices. The composed of hardware system and software system, not install any software computer called the bare metal. Can be divided into super computer, industrial control computer, network computer, personal computer, the embedded computer five, advanced computer biological computer, photon computer, quantum invention of the computer maker John von Neumann. The computer is in twentieth Century the most advanced science and technology inventions, has extremely important influence on the production of human activities and social activities, and with the rapid development of powerful vitality. And its application field is extended from the initial military scientific research applied to each field of the society, has formed a large scale computer industry, promote the technological progress worldwide, which triggered a profound social change, the computer has been in general schools, enterprises and institutions, into the homes of ordinary people, become an indispensable tool in the information application of the computer more and more popular in Chinese more and, after the reform and open policy, the number of computer users Chinese rising, improve the level of their application, especially the application fields of Internet, communication, multimedia, and achieved good results. From 1996 to 2009, the number of computer users from the original 6300000 increased to 67100000, the number of computers on the network is composed of 29000 original rose to 59400000. Internet users has reached 316000000, with 670000000 mobile users of wireless Internet, the mobile phone Internet users reached 117000000, for the of computing tools experienced from simple to complexIn different stages from low to highAn example ENIAC computer[1]As fromQuipuIn knots to counting rodsAbacusCalculating ruleMechanicsComputer play their role in history in different historical periodsIt also inspired the development and design of electronic computer1889America scientistsHerman, He LeliDeveloped the electric tabulating machine power basedThe calculation data is used to store1930America scientistsVannevar BushBuild the world's first electronic analog computerFebruary 14, 1946ByUSAThe customization of the first electronic computer in the worldElectronic numerical integrator and computerENIAC Electronic Numerical And CalculatorIn USAUniversity of PennsylvaniaThe advent ofENIAC[2]Chinese nameErnie AkeIs USA Auberdine weapons test site in order to meet the need of calculating trajectory and developedThis computer uses 17840 electron tubeThe size of 80 x 8FootWeighing 28TTonsPower consumption is 170kWThe operation speed of 5000 times per second the addition operationThe cost is about 487000The dollarThe advent of ENIAC is of epoch-making significanceIndicates that the computer eraIn the next 60 yearsComputer technology is developing at an amazing speedThe performance price without any one technology than to increase by 6 orders of magnitude in 30 years[3]The first generationElectronic digital machine19461958HardwareAspectA logic element is used in vacuumElectron tubeThe main memory used mercury delay line Electronic digital computerCathode rayOscilloscope tube static memoryDrumMagnetic coreExternal memory is used in tapeThe software is used in machine languageAssembly languageApplication field toMilitaryAnd scientific calculationVolume is largeHigh power consumptionPoor reliabilitySlow speedGeneral for thousands of times per second to tens of thousands of timesExpensive priceBut laid the foundation for the later development of computerThe second generationTransistor digital computer19581964HardwareOperating systemThe high-level language andCompileThe programApplication field toScienceCalculation and transaction processingAnd began to enter the field of industrial controlVolume is shrinkingTo reduce energy consumptionTo improve the reliability ofOperationSpeedTo improve theThe general number of 100000 times per secondCan be as high as 3000000 timesPerformance than the first generation of computers has greatly improvedThe third generationIntegrated circuit digital machine19641970In terms of hardwareA logic element in theSmall-scaleIntegrated circuitMSISSIThe main memory is usedMagnetic coreSoftwareIn time-sharing operating system and structureLarge scale programming methodCharacteristic is fasterGeneral for millions to tens of millions of times per secondAnd reliability are improved obviouslyFurther price declinesProducts to the generalSeriation and standardizationApplication field into word processing andGraphicalThe field of image processingThe fourth generationLarge-scaleIntegrated circuitMachineSince 1970HardwareAspectA logic element with large-scale and ultra large scale integrated circuitLSI and VLSIThe database management system softwareNetwork management system and object oriented languageIs characteristic of 1971 the world's first microprocessor in AmericaSilicon ValleyBe bornStartMicro computerIn the new eraFrom the scientific computing applicationsTransaction managementTooProgram controlBusiness graduallyFamilyDue to the development of integrated technologyThe semiconductor chipA higher degree of integrationEach chip can accommodate tens of thousands or even millions of transistorsAnd the arithmetic unit and controller are concentrated in one chipThus appeared the microprocessorAnd can use the microprocessor and large-scaleVery large scale integrated circuit assembly of micro computerIs a microcomputer or PC we often sayA microcomputer small volumeCheap priceEasy to useBut even more than the mainframe computers of the past has reached its functions and speedOn the other handThe use of massThe various logic chip manufacture of ultra large scale integrated circuitHas made the volume is not largeBut computing supercomputer speeds of up to one hundred million or even billions of timesOur country after the 1983 development of galactic Ⅰ one hundred million successful operations per second this giant machineAlso in 1993 to develop the galaxy II successful operations per second one billion general-purpose parallel computerThis period also produced a new generation of programming language and database management system and network softwareThe physical elementThe device changesNot onlyComputerThe host through the renewalOutside itEquipmentAlso in constantly changingFor exampleExternal memoryThe cathode ray initially display tube developmentMagnetic coreDrumAfter the development for the generalDiskAt present there are smallerLarger capacityRead fasterOptical discCDROM

计算机英语是学习计算机新理论和新技术的桥梁。计算机英语教材的主要目标是培养计算机及其相关专业学生使用本专业英语的能力。下面是我为大家整理的计算机英语论文，供大家参考。

计算机英语论文范文一：计算机英语教学实训设计研究

1高职高专计算机英语的特点

时效性和实用性

新技术飞速发展，大量的计算机专业概念专业词汇随着新技术的发展层出不穷。如ITinformationtechnology;online;E-merce等都是随着新技术的发展产生和应用的，因此它的时效性和实用性显而易见。

专业性与客观性

计算机专业文章一般重在客观地陈述事实，力求严谨和清清楚，避免主观成分和感 *** 彩，这就决定了计算机英语具有客观性。

专业术语多

如：CPUCentralProcessingUnit：中央处理器;DBSMDatabaseSystem资料库管理系统OperatingSystem作业系统.

缩略语经常出现

如：MBMotherBoard：主机板，LCDLiquidCrystalDisplay：液晶萤幕USBUniversalSerialBus：通行序列汇流排;

合成的新词多

如：input出入;output输出;Personalputer：个人计算机;

介词短语、分词短语和名词性片语和长句使用频繁

如：Someapplicationpackagesofferconsiderableputingpowerbyfocusingonasingletask，suchaswordprocessing;others，calledintegratedsoftwareoffersomewhatlesspowerbutincludeseveralapplications，suchasawordprocessor，aspreadsheet，andadatabaseprogram.有些应用程式包可就一个单项任务提供相当的计算能力，如文书处理;其它应用程式包，称为综合软体，计算能力略差但也包括了很多应用功能，如：文书处理器，电子表格和资料库程式等。

2如何开展高职高专计算机英语教学和实训

“加快现代职业教育体系建设，深化产教融合、校企合作，培养数以亿计的高素质劳动者和技术技能人才。”是发展职业教育的指导思想。高职高专IT职业英语的任务就是要培养既有一定IT专业技术技能，又有较强的外语水平的高素质人才。

合理的课程安排

高职高专《计算机英语》主要针对高职院校的计算机各专业学生开设，是计算机专业学生学好计算机专业课程的一门重要工具。为软体技术，资讯管理，物联网技术，等专业方向的学生必修课。

实用的高职高专计算机英语实训内容

通过计算机英语教学内容的学习，使学生掌握电脑科学相关硬体和软体以及相关计算机技术的英语表达方式，并运用到实践中。在实训时，学生应能够运用所学的计算机英语知识，根据看到的硬体装置实现口头表达，以及借助相关工具书和翻译软体，对与自己专业相关文献和应用软体，实现书面表达。了解上机时常见的提示资讯及解释，根据专业方向能看懂与本专业相关的专业资讯提示。通过本课程实训使学生扫清上机时使用英语软体的障碍，并且使学生具备阅读计算机专业英语书刊的能力，能听懂一般性专业学术报告的能力。

基于专业需求的课程和实训设计

1基于专业需求的课程和实训设计设计理念计算机英语程开发遵循“劳动过程系统化”的先进教学理念，贯穿日常教学中，将理论教学中渗入实训教学环节，提出集专案确定——专案分析——专案策划——专案管理与评估为一体的系统的实训教学模式，以专案驱动来完成知识的内化。在软体技术专业可以侧重SoftwareEngineer的教学与实训设计;网路工程专业则可以加强puterNetworks的教学与实训设计;而资讯管理专业应侧重DatabaseSystem的教学与实训设计。

2基于专业需求的课程和实训设计设计思路计算机英语课程和实训设计的总体思路是：以市场为导向，基于IT行业人员工作岗位基本职责进行教学和实训设计，紧紧围绕各专业人才培养方案实施教学和实训，取舍教材内容，为专业服务。

3基于专业需求的课程和实训设计培养目标根据高职教育的指导思想和培养目标，在更新教学理念和创新教学模式的过程中，计算机英语课程和实训设计，以促进就业为导向，适应技术进步和生产方式变革以及社会公共服务的需要社会需求为出发点，以“实用为主，够用为度”为原则，突出专业特点，突出课程的实用性，适应计算机相应专业需求的，培养具有动手能力和创新意识的高技术人才。计算机英语是一门实用时很强的课程，要求教师具有较强的英语语言知识与应用能力，同时要具备对科技前沿的洞察力，更需要更新教学理念，创新教学模式，注重实训环节。

计算机英语论文范文二：计算机英语课内实践教学研究

1.课内实践教学多元化

“任务驱动”教学方式

对于该课程,课内实践教学的目的是为了充分发挥教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用,因此,采用“任务驱动”的方式可以较好的激发学生的积极性。“任务驱动”指的是学生在学习过程中,在教师的帮助下,围绕一个共同的任务为中心来完成,在这个过程中,学生会通过任务的程序获得成就感,可以较大地激发他们的积极性,逐步形成一个良性回圈,从而培养学生独立思考和自主学习能力。该门课内实践教学结合任务驱动的方式,已经采用的是让学生选择自己感兴趣的某个IT领域技术方向,运用文献检索方法,自行查询英文文献并阅读翻译,在课堂上用英文对其作报告,并制作英文PPT加以展示,并新增现场提问的环节,培养学生用英文进行学术答辩的能力。通过在课堂上使用这种实践方式,已取得了较好的效果。

其他多元化的任务方式

除了培养学生英文文献检索、学术报告的能力之外,应用型本科IT专业学生是未来IT行业的建设者之一,该课内实践教学还要考虑市场需求的因素。在IT行业中,企业对员工专业英语能力的需求是必要且多样化的;如测试、编码等初级职位员工只需要阅读使用者介面、操作说明等英文文献的能力;而对于技术研究等中级职位,不仅需要阅读能力还要求掌握一定的翻译技能、回复英文邮件等;在更高级别的工作如订单签订、专案谈判等事务中,则需要具备听、说、读、写、译各方面的综合能力以及跨文化交流能力。因此在今后的实践教学中,计划新增多样的任务方式,如设计一些具有很强实践性和实操性的活动,全方位训练和提高学生面向行业、企业岗位需求、在真实工作环境中的英语交际能力、应用能力和学习能力。比如训练学生英文简历的撰写,再设计情景对话,让学生分小组扮演IT公司面试官和应聘者角色,对职场招聘进行场景模拟,学习和应用计算机英语知识和口语表达能力。不仅如此,在工程实践中,软体企业开发人员常常需要编写英文版本的软体需求文件和使用者指南,因此还可以考虑与软体工程的课程老师合作,在学生进行课程设计时编写英文版本的软体需求规格说明书。

灵活布置作业

作业也是实践教学的重要补充,对于作业一定要布置一些实用有意义的内容,这样学生才会主动而非被迫地去做;关于这方面教师要充分利用自己积累的学习和工作经历。比如根据笔者学生时期的应聘经验,可以告诉学生大中型IT公司的软体开发职位招聘的笔试题很重视动态记忆体方面的内容,有相当比例该方面的试题,也具有一定难度,而很多中文教材关于此方面的内容往往讲解的不够详实,而英文教材文献六的“PointersandDynamicMemory”这一节对动态记忆体的思想介绍的较清晰,通过此类方法抓住学生的心理,吸引学生主动地去学习,这样不仅训练了计算机英语,又提升了学生应聘的竞争力。此外,一定要让学生体会到利用网路资源来促进学习和交流的重要性。可以鼓励学生登陆各大著名IT外企的网站,上面会经常地提供其新技术和新产品宣传的英文视讯和动画。这类视讯短片直观而形象,学生不但学习了新技术和新词汇,同时还锻炼了听说能力,学习兴趣也会大大提高。还可以引导学生平时多关注外企网站上的招聘广告,本专业领域的产品说明书等,上面有大量描述本专业技术的计算机英语,这对培养学生的实际应用能力有很大的帮助。

2结语

该文分析了计算机英语课内实践教学对于IT应用型人才培养的必要性,并结合该研究者本身的经验体会,探讨了一些关于该课程的课内实践教学方式,通过在教学实践中使用这些方式,已取得了较好的效果。计算机英语是专业课和英语课的有机结合,具有很强的实用性。课内实践教学应合理采用多种有效的教学方法和多元化教学模式,让学生通过该课程的学习,进一步提高专业英语听、说、读、写等水平,培养综合素质,从而提高了就业竞争力,才能真正发挥该课程的作用。

有关会计专业的英文文献

Accounting for R&D in the National Accounts Dennis Fixler Bureau of Economic Analysis 24 February 2009 Paper presented at ASSA meetings in San Francisco, January 2009 Accounting information as political currency* Karthik Ramanna Harvard Business School and Sugata Roychowdhury MIT Sloan School of Management This draft: March 31, 2008 Abstract: We test whether accounting can be used as political currency. Our setting is the US congressional election of 2004, where outsourcing of US jobs was a campaign issue. We find that the largest corporate donors to principal candidates in closely watched congressional races manage earnings downwards in the two quarters immediately preceding the 2004 election. We find no evidence of such downwards earnings management among corporate donors to candidates in all other congressional races. Election outcomes for candidates are also systematically associated with the extent of donors' downwards earnings management in closely watched races, but not all other races. The findings are consistent with firms managing accounting information in circumstances where this is likely to benefit allied politicians. 哈佛商学院2008年3月31日

财务论文的英文参考文献大全

财务是非常有前途的一个职业,也是一个很容易规划自己发展路径的职业。下面是我为大家整理的财务论文英文参考文献，欢迎阅读。

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[1] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD）[J]. Trends in Organized Crime . 1997 （4）

[2] Crongvist, Henrik,and Matias Costs of Controlling Minority Shareholders. SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance . 2001

[3] Forker governance and disclosure quality. Accounting and Business . 1992

[4] Dechow and consequences of earnings manipulation: an analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC. Contemporary Accounting Research . 1996

[5] Healy,P. effect of bonus schemes on accounting decision. Journal of Accountancy . 1985

[6] Holthausen Robert,David Larcker,Richard Bonus Schemes and the Manipulation of Earnings. Journal of Accountancy . 1995

[7] Defond Mark L,James Covenant Violation and Manipulation of Accruals. Journal of Accountancy . 1994 [7] Shyam of Accounting and Control. . 1997

[8] William R Accounting Theory. . 1997

[9] Bae,Kee-Hong,Jun-KooKang, or value addition? Evidence from mergers by Korean business groups. The Journal of Finance . 2002

[10] Watts RL,Zimmerman a positive theory ofthe determination of accounting standards. The Accounting Review . 1978

[1] Ball, R. and Brown, , “An Empirical Evaluation of Accounting Income Numbers”,journal of Accounting Research,Autumn, pp. 159-178

[2] Watts ., Zimmerman , “Towards a Positive Theory of the Determination of Accounting Standards”,The Accounting Review, pp. 112-134

[3] Hopwood A. G.“Towards an Organizational Perspective for the Study of Accounting and Information Systems”,Accounting, Organizations and Society (No. 1, 1978) pp. 3-14

[4] Collins, D. W., Kothari, S. 89, “An Analysis of Intertemporal and Cross-Sectional Determinants of Earnings Response Coefficients”, journal of Accounting & Economics,

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[6] Beaver, W. H. 1968, “The Information Content of Annual Earnings Announcements”, journal of Accounting Research, pp. 67-92

[7] Holthausen ., Leftwich ., 1983, “The Economic Consequences of Accounting Choice: Implications of Costly Contracting and Monitoring”, journal of Accounting & Economics, August, pp77-117

[8]Patell , 1976, “Corporate Forecasts of Earnings Per Share and Stock Price Behavior: Empirical Tests. Journal of Accounting Research, Autumn, 246-276

你用EI检索啊（要钱）。

"知识"是文献的核心内容，"载体"是知识赖以保存的物质外壳，即可供记录知识的`某些人工固态附着物。下面就是我整理的会计论文英文文献，一起来看一下吧。 　　[1] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD）[J]. Trends in Organized Crime . 1997 （4） 　　[2] Crongvist, Henrik,and Matias Costs of Controlling Minority Shareholders. SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance . 2001 　　[3] Forker governance and disclosure quality. Accounting and Business . 1992 　　[4] Dechow and consequences of earnings manipulation: an analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC. Contemporary Accounting Research . 1996 　　[5] Healy,P. effect of bonus schemes on accounting decision. Journal of Accountancy . 1985 　　[6] Holthausen Robert,David Larcker,Richard Bonus Schemes and the Manipulation of Earnings. Journal of Accountancy . 1995 　　[7] Defond Mark L,James Covenant Violation and Manipulation of Accruals. Journal of Accountancy . 1994 [7] Shyam of Accounting and Control. . 1997 　　[8] William R Accounting Theory. . 1997 　　[9] Bae,Kee-Hong,Jun-KooKang, or value addition? Evidence from mergers by Korean business groups. The Journal of Finance . 2002 　　[10] Watts RL,Zimmerman a positive theory ofthe determination of accounting standards. The Accounting Review . 1978