摘要：
科技英语阅读教程原文翻译Unit 1 Life Science Text A Human Cloning Text B Are We 10 Yea Away from Arti... 科技英语阅读教程原文翻译
Unit 1 Life Science Text A Human Cloning Text B Are We 10 Yea Away from Artificial Life？Unit 2 Biological Engineering Text A How Stem Cells Work？ Text B Taking Your Genes in HandUnit 3 New Energy TextA Ethanol, Schmethanol Text B The Coming WaveUnit 4 Traportation Text A Intelligent Highways Text B Making WavesUnit 5 New Facilities Text A Facial Recognition Systems Text B GPS--the Most Precise Navigation System Ever InventedUnit 6 Telecommunication Text A Video Conferencing Cell Phones Text B You Are Your Cell PhoneUnit 7 Space Text A Stahip Enterprise: the Next Generation Text B Phoenix to Go Digging on Red PlanetUnit 8 Health and Medicine Text A Telemedicine Comes Home Text B Would a \Fat Tax\ Save Lives？Unit 9 Internet Text A The Internet Is Sick... But We Can Make It Better Text B Watching While You SurfUnit 10 VR Technology Text A The Military Applicatio of Virtual Reality Text B Reality, Only BetterUnit 11 Robots Text A Rise of the Rat-brained Robots Text B Nothing to Lose But Their ChaiUnit 12 Environment Text A Future Crops: the Other Greenhouse Effect Text B The Methane MysteryUnit 13 Animals Text A Jellyfish Invasion Text B Who Belongs in the Zoo？Unit 14 Computer Science Text A Software That Makes Software Better Text B From Blueprint to DatabaseUnit 15 Automobile Text A How Hydrogen-Boosted Gasoline Engine Works？ Text B The Car Doctor Is In
The universe is mystery and star in the sky is a huge hot ball of sun is a medium-sized yellow star ，it is 93026724 miles away from the earth.
宇宙是及其神秘而又魅惑的。浩渺星空中的每一颗星都是一颗巨大的充气热气球。太阳是一个中型大小的黄色星，它距离我们的地球有九千三百零二万六千七百二十四米远。
The erath is the third planet from the sun in the solar system.
在太阳系中地球是第三大挨着太阳的行星。(erath 是不是拼写错误？）
It is the closest to the sun around January 2 each year;it is the farthest away from the sun around July 2 each year.
在每年的1月2号左右地球是最接近太阳的，而在每年的7月2号左右地球则是最远离太阳。
扩展资料
词语用法：
1、month是可数名词，基本意思是“月”“月份”，还可指“一个月”，大约四个星期的时间。
2、表示“在某月份”时常用介词in，但当month前有every，each，next，any，all，last，this，that等修饰时，介词in一般要省略。
3、month是指时间的可数名词，而一年中每月份的名称是专用名称，第一个字母要大写。
计算机革命 1900年,他们从未想过… 1944年Harvard-IBM马克我电脑 1946年,24-metre长ENIAC计算机 1964年,IBM大型机系统360 1965年,数字PDP-8通用微型计算机 1974 Altair 8800通用微型计算机和通信系统ARPANET 1981年,IBM个人电脑 1900年,他们从没想过…计算机和小型化。由于越来越多的记忆能力通过越来越小的硅片加工,大型计算机,需要一个大房间成了桌面计算机和工作站,最终甚至有更大的能力。 革命性的个人计算机的引入IBM的个人电脑(PC)在1981年,蔓延到亿个人电脑用户,到本世纪末。电脑不仅是文字处理器、业务组织者,研究和教育工具,研究中心和游戏玩家,但允许通过互联网全球通信。
科技英语阅读教程课文翻译
你等我，要花点时间。1、数学也许不是新事物了，但达钦是个享受发现过程的人，她与其他6名数学专家共同钻研。2、如果包裹里的物品有私人信件，应该密封起来。3、新研究表明，脑区更倾向于符号表示而非数字表达。4、这样做，一个基于平等范例的理想模型建立起来，与中性模型相比，反映了未来教育系统在法案生效前已经存在于世。5、这岂不是公然与爱恩斯坦的定律“信号的速度比光速慢”相矛盾吗？6、顺序结构最大的优势在于刻录是以逻辑指令保存的，大概序列到结构的记录通常需要打印和软拷贝报告。7、用数学形式描述二人零和博弈的游戏并不难，决定最佳策略和对弈价值的计算也简单。8、我们目前所知的证据，需要整个数学领域中关于未知“费马时间定理”取得进展。9、威廉补充"一所请求形式推理课程的高中"已被“消化”掉，不再是基础证明。10、完全飞机所有权的概念将逐渐在传统贸易结构中占有重要地位，传统贸易结构已无法抑制其在科技经济上的拓展。
1）数学不是新学科，在伴有享受的过程中发现，她要与其他六个数学专家协同工作。2）软件包可以封闭可包括个人信件如果它涉及违规内容。3）新的研究表明，大脑区域可能更喜欢其他的数字符号来表示。4）要做到这一点，建立了基于平等范式的一个理想模型然后用中性的模型反映了进一步的教育系统在法案生效存在的比较。5）这不是公然挑衅爱因斯坦的规则，信号不能比光速更快？6）顺序组织，记录存储在逻辑顺序的主要优势，想必序列为记录通常是印刷和软拷贝报告。7）一零和二人博弈的数学描述是不是很难建立，确定最佳的策略和价值的游戏不过是简单的计算。8）证明我们现在知道需要数学在费马时间是未知的整个领域的发展。9）威廉姆斯说，许多课程在几何，“一个高中班，要求正式的推理”已经不再是证明的基础要求。
在世界经济全球化及中国加入WTO的形势下,社会需要大量能够用英语在国际上进行科技、经贸、法律和 文化 等方面交流的专业人才。下面是我带来的英语 文章 阅读带翻译，欢迎阅读! 英语文章阅读带翻译篇一 In the public interest The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers. The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries like Denmark, Norway, Finland, and New Zealand. Even countries with large populations like Britain and the United States are seriously considering imitating the Swedes. The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants, collectors can make mistakes or act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State. The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the Swedes commonly refer to him as the '.' or 'Ombudsman'. The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1200 letters a year. He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work, for his correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical example of the Ombudsman's work. A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of the case. There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was justified and the Chief of Police stoutly denied the accusation. It was impossible for the Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the matter. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against foreigners could not be recorded in he official files. It was only possible for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed. 斯堪的纳维亚半岛各国实行开明的社会政策，受到全世界的推崇。在瑞典，已逐渐形成了一种完善的制度以保护每个公民不受专横的和不称职的政府官员的欺压。由于这种制度行之有效，已被其他国家采纳。 是瑞典人首先认识到政府工作人员如文职人员、警官、卫生稽查员、税务人员等等也会犯错误或者自以为在为公众服务而把事情做过了头。早在1809年，瑞典论会就建立一个保护公民利益的制度。议会内有一个代表各政党利益的委员会，由它委派一位称职的人选专门调查个人对国家的意见。此人官衔为“司法特派员”，但瑞典人一般管他叫“.”，即“司法特派员”。司法特派员不受任何政治压力的制约。他听取社会各阶层的各种大小意见，并进行调查。由于意见均需用书面形式提出，司法特派员每年平均收到1,200封信。他有8位律师作他的助手协助工作，每封信都详细批阅。司法特派员的工作没有什么秘密可言，他的信件是公开的，供公众监督。如果公民的意见正确，司法特派员便为他伸张正义。司法特员采取的行动因意见的性质不同而有所不同。他可以善意地批评某位官员，也可以甚至向议会提议修改某项法律。下述事件是司法特派员工作的一个典型例子。 一个住在瑞典乡村的外国人写信给司法特派员，抱怨说他受到警察的虐待，原因就是因为他是个外国人。司法特派员立即写信给当地警察局长，请他寄送与此事有关的材料。材料中没有任何文字记载证明外国人所说的情况符合事实，警察局长矢口否认这一指控。司法特派员难以处理。但是，当他又收到住在同一村庄的另一个外国人写的一封内容类似的投诉信时，他立即派出一位律师前去调查。律师证实有个警察确实多次粗鲁地对待外国人。警察歧视外国人的事在官方档案中不可能加以记载，司法特派员只有派他的代表去核对事实才能了解真相。当事的警察受到严厉的斥责，并被告知，如果再有人投诉他，他将受到起诉。司法特派员及时采取的行动，迅速制止了这一起不愉快的事件，不然这件事可能因未得到人们注意而不了了之。 英语文章阅读带翻译篇二 Instinct or cleverness? We have been brought up to fear insects. We regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good. Man continually wages war on item, for they contaminate his food, carry diseases, or devour his crops. They sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows. We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths. Reading about them increases our understanding with out dispelling our fears. Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch. No matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being stung. Most of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase. At the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinaing. We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives. We enjoy staring at them entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our presence. Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle ? Last summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up the trunk of my prize peach tree. The tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the house. I am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches. During the summer, I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to wither. Clusters of tiny insects called aphides were to be found on the underside of the leaves. They were visited by a laop colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey from them. I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though it failed to get rid of the ants, kept me fascinated for twenty-four hours. I bound the base of the tree with sticky tape , making it impossible for the ants to reach the aphides. The tape was so sticky that they did not dare to cross it. For a long time, I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in bewilderment. I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do anything about it. I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in despair. Instead, I saw that they had discovered a new route. They were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the tree. I realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their ingenuity. The ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific methods! 我们自幼就在对昆虫的惧怕中长大。我们把昆虫当作害多益少的无用东西。人类不断同昆虫斗争，因为昆虫弄脏我们的食物，传播疾病，吞噬庄稼。它们无缘无故地又叮又咬;夏天的晚上，它们未经邀请便飞到我们房间里，或者对着露出亮光的窗户乱扑乱撞。我们在日常生活中，不但憎恶如蜘蛛、黄蜂之类令人讨厌的昆虫，而且憎恶并无大害的飞蛾等。阅读有关昆虫的书能增加我们对它们的了解，却不能消除我们的恐惧的心理。即使知道勤奋的蚂蚁生活具有高度组织性的社会里，当看到大群蚂蚁在我们精心准备的午间野餐上爬行时，我们也无法抑制对它们的反感。不管我们多么爱吃蜂蜜，或读过多少关于蜜蜂具有神秘的识别方向的灵感的书，我们仍然十分害怕被蜂蜇。我们的恐惧大部分是没有道理的，但去无法消除。同时，不知为什么昆虫又是迷人的。我们喜欢看有关昆虫的书，尤其是当我们了解螳螂等过着一种令人生畏的生活时，就更加爱读有关昆虫的书了。我们喜欢入迷地看它们做事，它们不知道(但愿如此)我们就在它们身边。当看到蜘蛛扑向一只苍蝇时，一队蚂蚁抬着一只巨大的死甲虫凯旋归时，谁能不感到敬畏呢? 去年夏天，我花了好几天时间站在花园里观察成千只蚂蚁爬上我那棵心爱的桃树的树干。那棵树是靠着房子有遮挡的一面暖墙生长的。我为这棵树感到特别自豪，不仅因为它度过了几个寒冬终于活了下来，而且还因为它有时结出些甘甜的桃子来。到了夏天，我发现树叶开始枯萎，结果在树叶背面找到成串的叫作蚜虫小虫子。蚜虫遭到一窝蚂蚁的攻击，蚂蚁从它们身上可以获得一种蜜。我当即动手作了一项试验，这项试验尽管没有使我摆脱这些蚂蚁，却使我着迷了24小时。我用一条胶带把桃树底部包上，不让蚂蚁接近蚜虫。胶带极粘，蚂蚁不敢从上面爬过。在很长一段时间里，我看见蚂蚁围着大树底部来回转悠，不知所措。半夜，我还拿着电筒来到花园里，满意地(同时惊奇地)发现那些蚂蚁还围着胶带团团转。无能为力。第二天早上，我起床后希望看见蚂蚁已因无望而放弃了尝试，结果却发现它们又找到一条新的路径。它们正在顺着房子的外墙往上爬，然后爬上树叶。我懊丧地感到败在了足智多谋的蚂蚁的手下。蚂蚁已很快找到了相应的对策，来对付我那套完全不科学的办法! 英语文章阅读带翻译篇三 From the earth: greatings Radio astronomy has greatly increased our understanding of the universe. Radio telescopes have one big advantage over conventional telescopes in that they can operate in all weather conditions and can pick up signals coming from very distant stars. These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space. The most powerful signals that have been received have been emitted by what seem to be truly colossal stars which scientists have named 'quasars'. A better understanding of these phenomena may completely alter our conception of the nature of the universe. The radio telescope at Jodrell Bank in England was for many years the largest in the world. A new telescope, over twice the size, was recently built at Sugar Grove in West Virginia. Astronomers no longer regard as fanciful the idea that they may one day pick up signals which have been sent by intelligent beings on other worlds. This possibility gives rise to interesting speculations. Highly advanced civilizations may have existed on other planets long before intelligent forms of life evolved on the earth. Conversely, intelligent being which are just beginning to develop on remote worlds may be ready to pick up our signals in thousands of years' time, or when life on earth has become extinct. Such speculations no longer belong to the realm of science fiction, for astronomers are now exploring the chances of communicating with living creatures (if they exist) on distant planets. This undertaking which has been named Project Ozma was begun in 1960, but it may take a great many years before results are obtained. Aware of the fact that it would be impossible to wait thousands or millions of years to receive an answer from a distant planet, scientists engaged in Project Ozma are concentrating their attention on stars which are relatively close. One of the most likely stars is Tau Ceti which is eleven light years away. If signals from the earth were received by intelligent creatures on a planet circling this star, we would have to wait twenty-two years for an answer. The Green Bank telescope in West Virginia has been specially designed to distinguish between random signals and signals which might be in code. Even if contact were eventually established, astronomers would not be able to rely on language to communicate with other beings. They would use mathematics as this is the only truly universal language. Numbers have the same value anywhere. For this reason, intelligent creatures in any part of the universe would be able to understand a simple arithmetical sequence. They would be able to reply to our signals using similar methods. The next step would be to try to develop means for sending television pictures. A single picture would tell us more than thousands of words. In an age when anything seems to be possible, it would be narrow-minded in the extreme to ridicule these attempts to find out if there is life in other parts of the universe. 天文学方面最新发展使得我们能够在银河系和其他星系发现行星。这是一个重要的成就，因为相对来说，行星很小，而且也不发光。寻找行星证明相当困难，但是要在行星上发现生命会变得无比艰难。第一个需要解答的问题是一颗行星是否有能够维持生命的条件。举例来说，在我们的太阳系里，对于生命来说，金星的温度太高，而火星的温度则太低。只有地球提供理想的条件，而即使在这里，植物和动物的进化也用了40亿年的时间。 一颗行星是否能够维持生命取决于它的恒星——即它的“太阳”——的大小和亮度。设想一下，一颗恒星比我们的太阳还要大，还要亮，还要热20倍，那么一颗行星为了维持生命就要离开的它的恒星非常远。反之，如果恒星很小，维持生命的行星就要在离恒星很近的轨道上运行，而且要有极好的条件才能使生命得以发展，但是，我们如何才能找到这样一颗行星呢?现在，没有一台现存的望远镜可以发现生命的存在。而开发这样一台望远镜将会是21世纪天文学的一个重要的研究课题。 使用放置在地球上的望远镜是无法观察到其他行星的生命的。地球周围温暖的大气层和望远镜散出的热量使得我们根本不可能找到比行星更小的物体。即使是一台放置在围绕地球的轨道上的望远镜——如非常成功的哈勃望远镜——也因为太阳系中的尘埃微粒而无法胜任。望远镜要放置在木星那样遥远的行星上才有可能在外层空间搜寻生命。因为我们越是接近太阳系的边缘，尘埃就越稀薄。一旦我们找到这样一颗行星，我们就要想办法将它的恒星射过来的光线遮暗，这样我们就能彻底“看见”这颗行星，并分析它的大气层。首先我们要寻找植物，而不是那种“小绿人”。行星上最容易生存下来的是细菌。正是细菌生产出我们在地球上呼吸的氧气。在地球上发展的大部分进程中，细菌是地球上唯一的生命形式。作为地球上的居民，我们总存有这样的希望：小绿人来 拜访 我们，而我们可以和他们交流。但是，这种希望总是只在科幻小说中存在。如果我们能够在另一颗行星上找到诸如细菌的那种低等生命，那么这个发现将彻底改变我们对我们自己的看法。正如美国国家航空和宇宙航空局的丹尼尔.戈尔丁指出的“在其他地方发现生命会改变一切。任何人类的努力和想法都会发生变化。”
Unit 1 Life Science Text A Human Cloning Text B Are We 10 Yea Away from Artificial Life？Unit 2 Biological Engineering Text A How Stem Cells Work？ Text B Taking Your Genes in HandUnit 3 New Energy TextA Ethanol, Schmethanol Text B The Coming WaveUnit 4 Traportation Text A Intelligent Highways Text B Making WavesUnit 5 New Facilities Text A Facial Recognition Systems Text B GPS--the Most Precise Navigation System Ever InventedUnit 6 Telecommunication Text A Video Conferencing Cell Phones Text B You Are Your Cell PhoneUnit 7 Space Text A Stahip Enterprise: the Next Generation Text B Phoenix to Go Digging on Red PlanetUnit 8 Health and Medicine Text A Telemedicine Comes Home Text B Would a \Fat Tax\ Save Lives？Unit 9 Internet Text A The Internet Is Sick... But We Can Make It Better Text B Watching While You SurfUnit 10 VR Technology Text A The Military Applicatio of Virtual Reality Text B Reality, Only BetterUnit 11 Robots Text A Rise of the Rat-brained Robots Text B Nothing to Lose But Their ChaiUnit 12 Environment Text A Future Crops: the Other Greenhouse Effect Text B The Methane MysteryUnit 13 Animals Text A Jellyfish Invasion Text B Who Belongs in the Zoo？Unit 14 Computer Science Text A Software That Makes Software Better Text B From Blueprint to DatabaseUnit 15 Automobile Text A How Hydrogen-Boosted Gasoline Engine Works？ Text B The Car Doctor Is In
科技英语阅读教程文章翻译
根据生物某些特征的存在来确定其它因素的现象，叫生物的指示现象，或指示作用。它们具有指示意义的某些特征，称为指示特征(包括形态的、生理的、生物化学的等)。有气候指示特征的(如热带植物、寒带植物)；有水指示现象的(人们在干旱地区常借助植物来找水源)；有土壤指示现象的(铁芒箕是强酸性土壤的指示植物，碱蓬指示碱性土壤)；有地质指示现象的(湖北省黄石市就有一种草能指示地下有铜和铁矿)；还有些植物对环境污染有指示作用，如矮牵牛花。
The universe is mystery and star in the sky is a huge hot ball of sun is a medium-sized yellow star ，it is 93026724 miles away from the earth.
宇宙是及其神秘而又魅惑的。浩渺星空中的每一颗星都是一颗巨大的充气热气球。太阳是一个中型大小的黄色星，它距离我们的地球有九千三百零二万六千七百二十四米远。
The erath is the third planet from the sun in the solar system.
在太阳系中地球是第三大挨着太阳的行星。(erath 是不是拼写错误？）
It is the closest to the sun around January 2 each year;it is the farthest away from the sun around July 2 each year.
在每年的1月2号左右地球是最接近太阳的，而在每年的7月2号左右地球则是最远离太阳。
扩展资料
词语用法：
1、month是可数名词，基本意思是“月”“月份”，还可指“一个月”，大约四个星期的时间。
2、表示“在某月份”时常用介词in，但当month前有every，each，next，any，all，last，this，that等修饰时，介词in一般要省略。
3、month是指时间的可数名词，而一年中每月份的名称是专用名称，第一个字母要大写。
1）数学不是新学科，在伴有享受的过程中发现，她要与其他六个数学专家协同工作。2）软件包可以封闭可包括个人信件如果它涉及违规内容。3）新的研究表明，大脑区域可能更喜欢其他的数字符号来表示。4）要做到这一点，建立了基于平等范式的一个理想模型然后用中性的模型反映了进一步的教育系统在法案生效存在的比较。5）这不是公然挑衅爱因斯坦的规则，信号不能比光速更快？6）顺序组织，记录存储在逻辑顺序的主要优势，想必序列为记录通常是印刷和软拷贝报告。7）一零和二人博弈的数学描述是不是很难建立，确定最佳的策略和价值的游戏不过是简单的计算。8）证明我们现在知道需要数学在费马时间是未知的整个领域的发展。9）威廉姆斯说，许多课程在几何，“一个高中班，要求正式的推理”已经不再是证明的基础要求。
根据生物某些特征的存在来确定其它因素的现象，叫生物的指示现象，或指示作用。它们具有指示意义的某些特征，称为指示特征(包括形态的、生理的、生物化学的等)。有气候指示特征的(如热带植物、寒带植物)；有水指示现象的(人们在干旱地区常借助植物来找水源)；有土壤指示现象的(铁芒箕是强酸性土壤的指示植物，碱蓬指示碱性土壤)；有地质指示现象的(湖北省黄石市就有一种草能指示地下有铜和铁矿)；还有些植物对环境污染有指示作用，如矮牵牛花。 生物的指示作用表明，各个自然地理要素之间处于紧密相互联系、相互依赖的关系之中。掌握了它们之间有规律的联系，就有可能利用一个要素的特征去认识另一个要素的存在。 从理论上讲，地球上最初产生地壳，之后形成大气圈、水圈，最后出现植被、土壤和动物界。因而，愈是年老的(即先产生的)要素对其它年青的(即后产生的)要素影响愈大；愈是年青的的要素对其它年老的要素依赖性愈大。正是这些独立性最小而依赖性最大的要素具有最大指示意义。所以，后出现的植物对其它要素的影响具有很大的表现能力。 地球上的生命界可以划分成不同的层次或组织水平。从大分子有机物开始直到生物圈，复杂程度逐级增加。当从一个层次过渡到另一个较高层次时，生命组织便会出现前一级所不具有的新性质和特征。 生物存在于地理环境之中的，它们在个体发育的全部过程中，经常不断地与环境间进行着物质与能量的交换。它从环境中取得必需的能源和营养物质，建造自己的躯体，同时又把不需要的代谢产物排放到外界环境中，以此维持其正常的生命活动和种族的繁续。因此，任何生物有机体都不能脱离环境而生存。环境控制和塑造着生物的生理过程、形态构造和地理分布。 在环境对生物发生影响的同时，生物有机体，特别是它们的群体也对环境产生相当明显的改造作用。针叶林下土壤的酸度往往比同一地区阔叶林下的要高些。湖泊中浮游生物大量繁殖时，导致水体透明度下降，从而改变水中的光照条件。从更长远的时间尺度看，生物还参与岩石的风化，地形的改变和土壤的形成，以及某些岩石和矿床的建造。水土流失可以用植物来防治，流动的沙丘可以用乔木、灌木和草本植物来固定。 在环境中对生物的生命活动起直接作用的那些环境要素叫做生态因素，如日光、热、水、风、矿物盐类和其他生物等。地形、海拔高度等则属于间接起作用的因素，它们通过改变气候、土壤等条件而对生物产生影响。 各个生态因素并不是孤立地、单独地对生物发生作用，而是共同综合在一起对生物产生影响，一个生态因素不管它对生物的生存有多么重要，也只能在有其他因素的适当配合下才能发挥其作用。 生物或其群体具体居住地段的所有生态因素的总体叫做生境。由于地表各地气候、土壤、岩性和地形等条件不同，形成极其多种多样的生境类型，这正是地球上生物种类和其群体类型复杂多变的主要原因之一。 地球上各种生态因素的变动幅度非常广阔，每种生物所能适应的范围却有一定的限度。如果当一个或几个生态因素的量或质低于或高于生物所能忍受的临界限时，不管其他因素是否适合，生物的生长发育和繁殖都会受到影响，甚至引起死亡。这样的生态因素称作限制因素，它是最易阻挠和限制生物生存的因素。限制因素随时间地点而变，也因生物种类而异。在干旱和半干旱地区，水分条件往往是植物生存的限制因素。在严重污染的水域中，有毒的污染物常常是水生生物生存的限制因素。在研究环境对生物的生态作用时，既要注意生态因素的综合作用，又要找出在一定条件下影响生物生存的限制因素，为采取相应管理措施提供科学依据。 生物在其生存过程中，对生态因素的忍耐不仅有一个生态上限和下限，同时在它的耐性限度内还有一个比较小的生态上的最适范围，在这里生物生长发育得最好。在自然界，生物种并非经常处于其最适生境条件下，因为生物间的相互作用和外界自然条件的变化，妨碍生物去利用最适宜的环境。不同的生物种对生态因素和环境的适应能力有差异。一般来说，对环境适应能力较强种类，其分布范围较广。
科技英语教程原文翻译unit1
Unit 1 Life Science Text A Human Cloning Text B Are We 10 Yea Away from Artificial Life？Unit 2 Biological Engineering Text A How Stem Cells Work？ Text B Taking Your Genes in HandUnit 3 New Energy TextA Ethanol, Schmethanol Text B The Coming WaveUnit 4 Traportation Text A Intelligent Highways Text B Making WavesUnit 5 New Facilities Text A Facial Recognition Systems Text B GPS--the Most Precise Navigation System Ever InventedUnit 6 Telecommunication Text A Video Conferencing Cell Phones Text B You Are Your Cell PhoneUnit 7 Space Text A Stahip Enterprise: the Next Generation Text B Phoenix to Go Digging on Red PlanetUnit 8 Health and Medicine Text A Telemedicine Comes Home Text B Would a \Fat Tax\ Save Lives？Unit 9 Internet Text A The Internet Is Sick... But We Can Make It Better Text B Watching While You SurfUnit 10 VR Technology Text A The Military Applicatio of Virtual Reality Text B Reality, Only BetterUnit 11 Robots Text A Rise of the Rat-brained Robots Text B Nothing to Lose But Their ChaiUnit 12 Environment Text A Future Crops: the Other Greenhouse Effect Text B The Methane MysteryUnit 13 Animals Text A Jellyfish Invasion Text B Who Belongs in the Zoo？Unit 14 Computer Science Text A Software That Makes Software Better Text B From Blueprint to DatabaseUnit 15 Automobile Text A How Hydrogen-Boosted Gasoline Engine Works？ Text B The Car Doctor Is In
新时代研究生学术英语，综合教程1第一单元textone课文分段结构及翻译如下：
第一段
If it's January,you can be sure that high school students and their parents are sweating over their final college application deadlines-and pundits are busy penning articles and books proclaiming that "college isn't worth it".
如果现在是一月，可以肯定的是，高中生和他们的父母此刻都在埋头苦干，好赶在截止日期前完成大学申请，而专家们则忙于撰文著书，宣称“大学不值得上”。
第二段
Typically,the articles point to high-prestige employers (Google,Amazon,Apple)that no longer require a college degree for their jobs or fabulously successful Americans(Bill Gates,Steve Jobs)who dropped out of college.
通常情况下，这类文章会谈到那些享有盛誉的企业（谷歌、亚马逊、苹果），说他们提供的工作不再要求大学文凭，或者提及一些曾从大学辍学而如今声名显赫的美国人（比尔·盖茨、史蒂夫·乔布斯）。
It all sounds good.
这些听起来都没错。
Then you look at the jobs and realize they tend to be low-prestige,low-wage positions for which a college degree was probably never required in the first place.
不过你看看那些工作，就会意识到它们一般都是地位低、薪酬低的岗位，很可能本来就不需要大学文凭。
And you look at the demographic data and realize that billionaires (whether they have a degree or not)send their own children to college.
再查查人口统计数据，你会发现亿万富豪们（不管他们自己有没有大学文凭）都会把子女送入大学。
第三段
What's up?Here are the four most common lies you are hearing and some common-sense facts to keep you and your teenager on an even keel while considering and applying for college.
这是什么情况？下面是我们最常听到的四个谎言和一些常识，能让你和你的孩子在考虑和申请大学时保持冷静。
第四段
Lie 1:For successful people,college is a waste of time.
谎言一：对于成功人士来说，上大学是浪费时间。
If this argument were true,you would assume that the nation's wealthiest and most powerful citizens would be keeping their own kids out of college.
如果这个观点正确，那么我们可以推测，美国最富有和最有权势的人群不会让自己的孩子上大学。
However,a whopping 92 percent of those in America's top 5 percent income bracket go to college.
然而，在美国收入最高的5%的人群中，有高达92%的人上过大学。
A 2015 study by the team of educational economists led by Harvard professor Raj Chetty reveals a straight line from the people least to most likely to attend college and that line correlates precisely with wealth.
哈佛大学教授拉杰·切蒂带领的教育经济学家团队在2015年进行了一项研究，发现将最不可能与最有可能上大学的人群连起来的那条直线，正好与他们的财富紧密相关。
第五段
Lie 2:Those who are not affluent don't need college.
谎言二：不富裕的人不需要上大学。
Wrong again.
又错了。
A degree ensures an even bigger boost in income levels for those in the lowest 20 percent income bracket.
学位能确保那些收入最低的20%的人群更大程度地提高收入水平。
A college education remains the single best investment a family in the lowest income level can make to ensure its children rise to significantly higher income levels.
对于收入水平最低的家庭而言，上大学仍是最好的一种投资，能确保孩子的水平显著提升。
College changes lives.
大学改变人生。
College is the single largest determinant of social mobility for those with the lowest income.
对于那些收入最低的人们来说，大学教育能在最大程度上决定社会阶层的流动性。
第六段
Lie 3:Everyone should go to college.
谎言三：每个人都应该上大学。
It may seem contradictory to point out that college isn't for everyone but it is not.
并非每个人都适合上大学，指出这一点似乎有些矛盾，但其实并不矛盾。
Not everyone wants to go to college -but,in our highly technical,specialized world,just about everyone needs some form of advanced training even to fill out job applications these days.
虽然并不是每个人都想上大学，但是在我们这个高度技术化、专业化的世界中，几乎每个人都需要接受某种形式的高等培训，哪怕只是为了填写工作申请表。
We need to do a far better job of reintroducing non-college vocational training in our secondary schools and supporting our community colleges which do offer such training.
我们需要加大力度将非大学教育的职业培训重新纳入中学教育中，并对确实在开展此类培训的社区学院给予支持。
第七段
Even if the robots are coming,there are many jobs that require human hands and human intelligence,judgment,care and style.
即使机器人出现，还是有许多工作需要人的双手，需要人的智慧、判断、关怀和品味。
We need hairdressers and firefighters,physical therapists and dental hygienists, mechanics and actors,sculptors and dancers and health-care workers.
我们仍然需要理发师、消防员、理疗师、牙科保健师、机械师、演员、雕塑家、舞蹈家和医护人员。
第八段
Lie 4:Many college graduates don't earn as much money as they expected or used to earn because college didn't prepare them for it.
谎言四：许多大学毕业生的收入低于预期或不及从前，这是因为大学没有使得他们为就业做好准备。
It is true,actually,that many graduates earn less than they used to, but not for the reason pundits give:that college is "behind the times"and doesn't make students "workforce ready.
许多毕业生的收入比以前减少了，这是事实，但其原因却并非如专家们所言：大学“落后于时代”，没有使得学生“做好就业准备”。
"The real problem is that the workforce itself no longer pays adequately for a wide range of formerly middle-class occupations that are vital to society and that require postsecondary education and even graduate training in some cases.
真正的问题是，对于一大批原先的中产阶级职业，劳动力市场本身不再为其支付足够的薪资。这些职业都是对社会至关重要的、需要受过高等教育、有时甚至需要毕业生完成入职培训才能从事的职业。
第九段
I agree that college is behind the times,and I have dedicated my career to making it as relevant as possible.
我认同大学落伍了，我在自己的职业生涯中也致力于使大学教育尽可能地与时俱进。
But the most relevant education in the world cannot change a labor market rigged against the middle class.
然而，就算世上最相关的教育也无法改变一个对中产阶级不利的就业市场。
This is a social problem,not a higher education problem.
这是一个社会问题，不是高等教育的问题。
For example,although we now have a teacher shortage in all 50 states, teachers make 17 percent less than median equivalent college-educated workers,whereas,two decades ago,they made 4 percent less than the median.
例如，尽管现在全部50个州都存在师资短缺现象，但教师的收入却比同等大学学历就业者的中位数低17%，而20年
What college student can afford to be a teacher anymore?
前这个数字仅为4%。什么样的大学毕业生才能当得起教师呢？
第十段
The underemployment of recent college graduates is as significant a social problem as soaring college tuition debt.
应届大学毕业生就业不足，这与大学学费债务飙升一样，都是严重的社会问题。
Law school graduates with hundreds of thousands in debt cannot afford to be defense lawyers or district attorneys.
法学院毕业生背负着几十万的债务，当不起辩护律师或地方检察官。
Newly minted doctors,carrying an average debt of $250,000,can no longer afford to be general practitioners or to practice public health,or to work in rural or underserved urban areas.
新入职的医生平均负债25万美元，他们不再能当得起全科医生，也无力去从事公共卫生工作，更无力去农村或医疗资源匮乏的城市地区工作。
第十一段
In my own profession of college teaching,more than 75 percent of faculty openings across all institutions of higher education are for "adjuncts",part-time faculty,paid by the course,with no security and no voice in the institution.
在我身处的大学教学这个职业，所有高校的教师职位中有75%以上的教职空位都是“附职”，即兼职教员，他们按课程计薪，没有保障，在校内也没有发言权。
第十二段
Too many college students face similar employment obstacles when they graduate.
太多的大学生在毕业时面临着类似的就业困难。
Yet,without a college degree,the economic obstacles are even worse.
然而，若无大学文凭，他们面临的经济困难会更大。
第十三段
Again,this is a labor problem in our society,not,as pundits will be telling you,the fault of a college education that does not "prepare"you for the labor market.
这依然是我们社会的就业问题，而不是像专家们会告诉你的那样：错在大学教育没能使学生们为就业市场做好“准备”。
第十四段
I am part of a growing cadre of educators working to redesign higher education for the challenges students face today.
我现在加入了一支不断壮大的、致力于重塑高等教育的骨干队伍，着力应对当今大学生所面临的挑战。
Some of us work on the problem of refunding public education:State cutbacks over the past two decades have resulted in soaring tuition rates and mounting student debt Others work on food and housing insecurity for students who are at college.
我们当中有人在努力推进退还公共教育经费一事：过去20年间，州政府削减了教育经费，致使学费飘升、学生债务增加；有人致力于保障在校大学生的伙食与住宿安全。
Others work on relevant curricular redesign and new ways of learning,in the classroom and beyond.
还有人专注于重新设计相关课程，革新课堂内外的学习方式。
Higher education can,and should, be revolutionized for the complex world our students are inheriting.
高等教育可以也应该为我们的学生将要接管的复杂世界而进行变革。
第十五段
However,in the meantime,while we are working to innovate in our colleges,high school seniors and their parents need to close their ears to the false,even fraudulent,idea that "college isn't worth it."
然而，与此同时，我们在致力于大学教育创新的同时，即将毕业的高中生和他们的父母们切勿理会“大学不值得上”这种错误的甚至是欺性的想法。
The universe is mystery and star in the sky is a huge hot ball of sun is a medium-sized yellow star ，it is 93026724 miles away from the earth.
宇宙是及其神秘而又魅惑的。浩渺星空中的每一颗星都是一颗巨大的充气热气球。太阳是一个中型大小的黄色星，它距离我们的地球有九千三百零二万六千七百二十四米远。
The erath is the third planet from the sun in the solar system.
在太阳系中地球是第三大挨着太阳的行星。(erath 是不是拼写错误？）
It is the closest to the sun around January 2 each year;it is the farthest away from the sun around July 2 each year.
在每年的1月2号左右地球是最接近太阳的，而在每年的7月2号左右地球则是最远离太阳。
扩展资料
词语用法：
1、month是可数名词，基本意思是“月”“月份”，还可指“一个月”，大约四个星期的时间。
2、表示“在某月份”时常用介词in，但当month前有every，each，next，any，all，last，this，that等修饰时，介词in一般要省略。
3、month是指时间的可数名词，而一年中每月份的名称是专用名称，第一个字母要大写。
科技英语阅读教程
《英语阅读参考手册》（叶永昌）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读
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书名：英语阅读参考手册
作者：叶永昌
豆瓣评分：9.1
出版社：电子工业出版社
出版年份：2010-4
页数：416
内容简介：本书以英语关联词和常用词为引子，综合讨论它们的多种语法功能和搭配用法，并配有大量实例，便于读者扎实地理解和掌握。
可供大学、中学师生及广大英语爱好者阅读英语材料和学习英语时参考，也可供参加高考英语、大学英语四六级考试、研究生入学英语考试、托福考试的考生备考时学习。
作者简介：叶永昌，1932年出生，上海人。中共党员，天津大学外语系教授，曾任中国英汉语比较研究会学术顾问、中国翻译工作者协会理事和天津市翻译工作者协会副会长。享受国务院颁发的政府特殊津贴。
著作（编著）32本，1000余万字。其中《科技英语阅读手册》（本书前身）发行逾130万册，《形象•联想•学英语》录制电视讲座40讲。获奖研究/教学成果“英语形象联想教学法”、 “英语名词作前置定语的新发展——夹带介词短语的名词性司组作前置定语”等。
我是一名英语教师。也是自学出来的。 我家里的语法书有很多很多。张道真，薄冰，无敌语法，。魔法语法等等都有。有的适合做题，有的适合专研。你作为出国人员，自学开始学起的话，还是要学一些简单的。 我觉得薄冰和张道真你不见得能适合，因为那些语法书是需要有基础的人员学的。 我一开始所用到的语法书是无敌英语语法《初中版》就可以，每一天看一章，大概不到一个月就可以把语法给拿下。从词性开始讲起。最简单的才是最适合的。也不用做题，对于你来说也没用。 你看完之后就知道语法是什么所以然来。 太难的不适合的。市面上的无敌语法就行。不过我以前在图书馆看过一本《英语语法入门》，这个很好，最适合自学的。讲解很详细，如果你要能买到这个书就好了。不过是老的版本，从词类和句子入手。 实在买不到就看看我那本书吧。
《英语思维：解密英语语法的原理》《英语思维：十课建立完美语法体系》作者推荐《英语思维：解密英语语法的原理》，华东理工大学出版，国内第一本讲解英语语法原理和思维内涵的书；是第一本真正系统完整的呈现英语语法框架体系全貌的书。 该书纠正了传统英语教育的诸多谬误，理清了英语语法的脉络，带给读者一个全面完整的英语语法视野。该书从动词的源头“动词原形”入手，系统地阐述了“时”和“态”的概念，并结合“时”和“态”的概念进一步阐述了英语的“时态”体系，由谓语动词的“时态”、“语态”、“语气”体系，进而讲解到非谓语动词的框架体系，最终呈现给读者一幅完整的英语骨架全貌。“时态”是英语的灵魂，可以说，理解了“时态”也就理解了英语。 此外，为了使读者对英语框架有一个清晰、直观的认识，本书还梳理了重点语法的相关图表，尤其是5张具有高度概括性、统领性的图表，几乎浓缩了全部的英语语法，方便读者对比、查找和记忆。 学完此书后，你对英语语法的理解会有脱胎换骨之感。
水平一般的就用，星火英语，能简显易懂点功底稍微好的可以看看英语语法实践指南，高中大学以及工作后都可以用，很详细具体，需要掌握的很多，很细致如果只是为了备考或者是简单概要学习英语语法，可以看张振邦的语法书，适合大学生，适合英语专业，因为专四语法从里头出，其实学这本就差不多了，太细的内容用不到。但是这本书中有不好理解的地方可以再借鉴英语语法实践指南，例子什么比较多，有时网络上找不到的，这本书上很全面。建议你这两本书都要有。
