摘要：
考研英语二小作文模板整理英语小作文，在考研英语试卷上是必定会出现的题目。下面是我给大家整理的，供大家参阅! 1 : You learned tha... 考研英语二小作文模板整理
英语小作文，在考研英语试卷上是必定会出现的题目。下面是我给大家整理的，供大家参阅! 1 : You learned that Ms. Wang was helping you dealing with office matters during your sick leave. Write a letter of appreciation to her to express your thanks. Your letter should include: 1 what you heard of what Wang did, 2 the reason for your thanks, 3 the favor you'd like to offer. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address. 10 points 模版范文 Dear Ms. Wang, I'm told by Zhang Lei that you were the good-hearted man who kept my desk from overflowing during my sick leave while still keeping up your own work! I had been expecting the chaos once I returned to my office, but instead I was able to start back with a clear desk. I am most appreciative of everything you did for me. I don't know if this is a pliment or not, but you did things just as I would have done! Do call on me if I can ever return the favor. Yours truly, Li Ming 2 Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1 describe the drawing, 2 explain its intended meaning, and then 3 give your ments. You should write 160-200 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. 20 points 模版范文 The animated cartoon reminds its audience about the significance of the Earth hour. On the lastSaturday of March, it is advisable that lights should be turned off for an hour with a view to protecting the Earth. It seems that the Earth would feel better with all lights off. The implied meaning of the drawing is that waste and extravagance are not difficult to find wherever we go. We can often encounter a scene where papers, bottles and cans are thrown away after use. Food is wasted just because of poor taste, and clothes are discarded simply due to their old fashion. Not only do we squander things and money, but also we lose our environmental awareness. It is high time to call for an end to the unpleasant situation. First and foremost, education to build up thrift habits should be prompted by relevant government departments at different levels. Besides, we, as college students, must learn to make wise use of natural resources. Only in this way can we protect the health of the Earth. 3 Jane, your clas *** ate, is thinking of subscribing to an English-language newspaper. And you would like to remend one to her. Write a letter to 1 tell her which newspaper it is and 2 describe two features of the paper. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. 10 points 模版范文 Dear Jane, As to the English-language newspaper you are thinking of subscribing to, I would remend 21st Century. First, I think that the contents of the newspaper are interesting and entertaining enough for you to carry on reading, for they consist mainly of buzz, opinion, focus, culture, campus, career and hotshots. In addition, the language of its articles is not too difficult for you to understand, as its targeted audience is largely college students, non-English majors in particular. I believe it will be more beneficial if you can read the newspaper every day, and your English will definitely be improved. Wish you good luck! Yours sincerely, Li Ming 4 Directions: For this part, you are expected to write a position of no less than 150 words on Changes in People's Daily Expenses in XX City. Study the following chart carefully and your position must be based on the outline and the rmation in the chart. 1 Changes in people's daily expenses in the past five years. 2 Give possible reasons for the changes. 3 Draw your own conclusions. 15 points 模版范文 In the past five years, there have been great changes in people's daily expenses in XX city. According to the figures given in the table, the amount of money spent on food decreased gradually, accounting for 35 percent in 2014. In addition, the table shows an upward tendency in recreation expenses. The same was the case with other expenses. What caused these remarkable changes? In my opinion, there are at least three good reasons. To begin with, with the rapid development of agriculture in China, the output of grain, fruit, vegetables and milk has sharply increased, which contributesto the decline in their prices. Secondly, the family ines of people both in the city and in the countryside have greatly risen so that people now can afford expensive clothing and some of them even want to dress in the latest fashion. Finally, as the living condition improves, the demand for a variety of recreation is growing steadily, too. In short, with the ines rising continuously, people no longer reconciled themselves to living a simple, monotonous life. They are eager to make their life interesting and exciting. Therefore, I am sure that people will spend more money on clothing and recreation. 5 Section Ⅳ Writing : You are to write an email to James Cook, a newly-arrived Australia professor, remending some tourist attractions in your city .Please give reason for your remendation. You should write nearly on the answer sheet. Dot not sign your own name at the end of the email .use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. 10 points 【范文】 Dear Prof. James Cook, Wele to China. I know you love traveling, so I’m writing this letter to remend to you one of my favorite scenic spots—Harbin, which is an old northern city of China. I think you must like it for the reasons as follows. To begin with, there are an amount of beautiful scenic spots, such as the Ice and Snow Kingdom in winter, the Sun Island, the Central Street and so on. In addition, you could taste a great number of snacks on the average street. Last but not least, the people of Harbin are overwhelmingly hospitable and enthusiastic, which is famous all over China. Owing to the reasons discussed above, I won’t hesitate to remend this scenic spot to you. I am sure you will enjoy it. Best wishes for you! Yours sincerely, Li Ming 看过的人还：
考研英语小作文格式：
1、DearXXXX，首字母都要大写，还有靠左顶格写。
(1)知道对方的姓：。
(2)知道对方的名字：DearBob。
(3)知道对方的职位：DearPresident。
(4)知道与对方的关系：DearFriend。
(5)不知道对方是谁：DearSirorMadam。
2、正文分三段，可以写目的、要求等内容，每段缩进4个字母，正文全部右对齐，一段没写完，第二行顶格写。
3、结尾，通用Sincerely yours和LiMing注意大小写。
小作文万能写信目的
A. I am writing this letter to you to make suggestions for sth.
B. I am writing this letter to you to make a complaint about sth.
C. I am writing this letter to you to ask for some advice about sth.
D. I am writing this letter to you to recommend sth.
E. I am writing this letter to you to apply for sth.
F. I am writing this letter to you to invite sb to attend sth.
G. I am writing this letter to express my sincere gratitude for sth.
H. I am writing this letter to express my sincere congratulations on sth.
因为考研已经进入冲刺阶段，为了更好的帮助同学们进行考研备考的复习，小编今天为各位同学准备了考研英语（二）小作文模板，助力大家更好的复习！考研英语新大纲会议纪要模板Minutes ofTime：Place：Present：Presided by：Summaryheld a meeting with the theme of “ ”. Attendees proposed three targeted approaches to the apparent contradiction between and .Firstly, is of primary importance: can assist in better realizing . Secondly, is essential prerequisite: can promote . Thirdly, an effective measure is to : contribute(s) to alleviating .The meeting would benefit who might acquire a better understanding of status quo in , helping them achieve .Submitted by Li MingDate: Dec. 24th, 2022模板翻译会议纪要时间：地点：出席者：主持人：摘要召开了“ ”主题会议。与会人员针对 和 矛盾突出的现象 提出了三项针对性的解决方案。第一， 是重中之重： 可以借助 ，充分认识 。第二，必要前提：进行 ，帮助提升 。 第三， 是有效路径，有效缓解 。本次会议有利于引导 正确认识 现
考研英语二作文模板整理
因为考研已经进入冲刺阶段，为了更好的帮助同学们进行考研备考的复习，小编今天为各位同学准备了考研英语（二）小作文模板，助力大家更好的复习！考研英语新大纲会议纪要模板Minutes ofTime：Place：Present：Presided by：Summaryheld a meeting with the theme of “ ”. Attendees proposed three targeted approaches to the apparent contradiction between and .Firstly, is of primary importance: can assist in better realizing . Secondly, is essential prerequisite: can promote . Thirdly, an effective measure is to : contribute(s) to alleviating .The meeting would benefit who might acquire a better understanding of status quo in , helping them achieve .Submitted by Li MingDate: Dec. 24th, 2022模板翻译会议纪要时间：地点：出席者：主持人：摘要召开了“ ”主题会议。与会人员针对 和 矛盾突出的现象 提出了三项针对性的解决方案。第一， 是重中之重： 可以借助 ，充分认识 。第二，必要前提：进行 ，帮助提升 。 第三， 是有效路径，有效缓解 。本次会议有利于引导 正确认识 现
书信(感谢、道歉、建议、求职/离职、申请、投诉、倡议、询问、慰问、推荐)1. 格式称呼：位于作文第一行，顶格写，后面加逗号。不知道对方姓名、职位等信息时称呼可以用 Dear Sir or Madam, 或To Whom It May Concern； 知道对方的身份或姓名时，称呼可以用Dear Mr./Mrs. + 姓， 或Dear+ 职位,如：Dear Professor, Dear Mr. Smith, ; 如果是给熟悉的人则可以用Dear + 名， 如：Dear Jim/Betty.正文：可采用齐头式，即每一段每一行都顶格写。或者采用缩进式，即每段首行缩进四个字母。结束语：位于正文右下角，第一个单词的首字母要大写，后面要加逗号。常用结束语有：Yours,/Yours truly, / Yours sincerely, 等署名：位于结束语下方。考研作文不允许署真名，题目中一般要求签名为“Li Ming”或”Zhang Wei”。2. 篇章结构第一段：表明身份，写信目的（1-2句）。第二段：针对题目中的要求进行写作（描述事情的经过、缘由、以及提出的建议）（3-4句）。第三段：表示感谢、期待回信或表达希望。（1-2句）Una
考研英语作文格式如下：
1、分段方式。
英语中的分段方法有两种，一种是段首缩进4/5个字符；另一种是段首缩进顶格，段间空一行。这两种类型的分段方式不能同时使用。建议读者使用第一种方法，即在段首缩进，因为这也是中国人熟悉的方法。
2、大小写原则。
英语中的大写字母有三种类型：句子开头、专有名词和标题。
句首大写：句首字母皆应大写（分号后句首不可大写；冒号后若为完整句子，句首大写）。
专有名词大写：约定俗成的专有名词，如人名、地名等必须大写。
标题大写：标题第一个字母必须大写；实词首字母大写；超过五个字母的虚词首字母大写，如between，without等；其余字母小写。
3、缩写原则。
考研英语作文为正式文体，首先要做的是避免缩写。
助动词＋not建议不要缩写，中间应要有空格，如：am not，is not，are not，was not，were not，have not，has not，need not等。但can+not不能在中间有一个空格，应写成cannot。
如果一个专有名词被缩写，第一次必须使用全称，而缩写则需在全名后面的括号内标注，第二次开始才可以用缩写。
另外，允许有部分约定俗成的简写，如.，viz.，etc.等。它们出现在句中，后面必须有小点。如果这些缩写位于句尾，后面只要一个小点即可，不再需要句号。但是.不建议使用。
三段式作文注意事项：
1、作文卷面要保持整洁，不要连笔，不要涂改。这是获取印象分的重点！
2、全文的第一句和各段的第一句必须是文章的中心句，好能用复杂句表达。这是因为阅卷老师一般没有那么多的时间去看作文，所以只能大概浏览下各段的首句，这是获得得分的关键！
3、全文结构布局：全文分为三段，第一段3句，第二段5句，第三段4句，可根据具体情况调整！段落中，第一句是topic，第二三句是detail，第三句是conclusion。
考研英语小作文模板怎么整理
写作是一个思路表达的过程，我们需要清晰地表述出题目的要求，有效的完成命题人给我们的任务。接下来我们结合2019年小作文题目来看介绍信邀请信怎么来写。Directions:Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of city traffic. Write him an email to1) suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and2) tell him about your should write about 100 words on the ANSWER ’t use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)通过阅读题目关键词 plan a debate on the theme of city traffic，suggest，reason， arrangements可以看出，我们这次的任务是一封建议/介绍信。任务是假设Professor Smith让你规划一次以城市交通为主题的的辩论会。要求我们写一封电子邮件，其中目的有两个：首先是辩论赛的主题，提出建议并且阐明原因;其次告诉对方你如何安排(可以自由发挥，建议大家写辩论赛举办的具体时间和地点)。接下来我们就来结合模板谈谈思路如何进行：一般来说，我们在试卷的左上角表明对方职位和姓名：即Dear Professor Smith。注意：在这里英文书写一般用逗号不用冒号，切记!【模板】 接下来，在第一段我们要表明自己的目的：比如I am writing this e-mail tomake suggestions for (doing) sth.(建议信)make a complaint about sth.(投诉信)seek some advice about sth.(咨询信)extend an invitation to sb. for sth.(邀请信)to answer your letter about sth.(回复信)recommend you sth.(推荐信)make an application for sth.(申请信)express my sincere gratitude.(感谢信)express my sincere congratulations.(祝贺信)补充：(1)当收信人不认识自己时，需要在前增加：自我介绍，表示相关基本句式： I am+身份+who+表示相关身份可选： student， undergraduate， graduate， resident， citizen， customer表示相关： who majors in…; who is in charge of…; who takes an interest in…;who is concerned about…; who has bought…补充：(2)如涉及到比赛、活动等时：增加“简介”基本句式： It will be held in+地点+on+时间地点可选： in the hall， in the gym， in the playground， in the library.....时间可选： on May 20， on Sunday.....【应用】结合题目要求来看，教授是认识我们的，故第一段我们可以写为：Dear Professor Smith，I am writing this e-mail to you to suggest a topic for the debate on the theme of city traffic (来自题目要求，可以稍作改写). It is such a great honbor to arrange such an interesting activity. (这句话我们可以在建立类中直接套用，划线动词可以替换)。The debate will be held on May 20th in the student centre Room 203. (最后要交代时间和地点，初步完成写作任务之arrangement)【模板】第二段：针对书信类型，分角度选择模板，角度可选择：原因+作用(适用于推荐信、申请信、感谢信、祝贺信)。The primary factors are as follows. Firstly, there is/are 原因(名词短语) in 事物,which will be of great value for you to 作用(do sth 要写动词原形) . What is more, thefact that 原因(要写完整结构的句子) contributes to 作用(写 V-ing 短语或 N 词短语形式【应用】Dear Professor Smith，I am writing this e-mail to you to suggest a topic for the debate on the theme of city traffic. It is such a great honbor to arrange such an interesting activity. 。The debate will be held on May 20th in the student centre Room theme of the debate could be “Should Private Car Owners be Accountable for the Traffic Jam” (二段首句直接引出任务一话题：辩论会的主题，注意双引号和首字母大写) The primary factors are as follows. Firstly, there are public concerns in city traffic jams, which will be of great value for us to discuss (结尾处动词可以结合话题稍微灵活处理). What is more, the fact that individual factors might be involved (结合我们设定的话题“个人车主是否应该对交通堵塞负责”) contributes to the solution of the problem.【理论】第三段：表示期待回信，并祝好。① I sincerely/really hope that my advice(建议信);complaint(投诉信);Inquiry(咨询信);Application(申请信);Recommendation(推荐信);Invitation(邀请信)...I’m looking forward to the reponse at your earliest convenience.补充：(1)涉及到情感时(感谢信、祝贺信)句前增加表达情感：Once again, I feel so grateful for your help.(感谢信)Once again, I feel very proud of your achievement.(祝贺信)【应用】Dear Professor Smith，I am writing this e-mail to you to suggest a topic for the debate on the theme of city traffic. It is such a great honbor to arrange such an interesting activity. 。The debate will be held on May 20th in the student centre Room theme of the debate could be “Should Private Car Owners be Accountable for the Traffic Jam” . The primary factors are as follows. Firstly, there are public concerns in city traffic jams, which will be of great value for us to discuss. What is more, the fact that individual factors might be involved contributes to the solution of the sincerely hope that my advice can make this debate meaningful and inspiring. (划线词可以在不同建立类中替换使用). I’m looking forward to the reponse at your earliest convenience. (期待您的回信在书信中都可以套用)Yours，Li Ming(不要忘记落款署名)下面总结一下这道题的解题方法，形成思路如下：首先在拿到题目后，浏览题目要求，确定书写内容。再结合模板，第一段表明写作目的和部分重要内容;第二段结合模板给出原因;第三段表示期待和展望。希望各位同学可以在相信大家在最后的几天中，对小作文中的模板，勤加练习。在这里，老师预祝各位同学在考研英语考试中取得满意的分数!
考研英语小作文格式：
1、DearXXXX，首字母都要大写，还有靠左顶格写。
(1)知道对方的姓：。
(2)知道对方的名字：DearBob。
(3)知道对方的职位：DearPresident。
(4)知道与对方的关系：DearFriend。
(5)不知道对方是谁：DearSirorMadam。
2、正文分三段，可以写目的、要求等内容，每段缩进4个字母，正文全部右对齐，一段没写完，第二行顶格写。
3、结尾，通用Sincerely yours和LiMing注意大小写。
小作文万能写信目的
A. I am writing this letter to you to make suggestions for sth.
B. I am writing this letter to you to make a complaint about sth.
C. I am writing this letter to you to ask for some advice about sth.
D. I am writing this letter to you to recommend sth.
E. I am writing this letter to you to apply for sth.
F. I am writing this letter to you to invite sb to attend sth.
G. I am writing this letter to express my sincere gratitude for sth.
H. I am writing this letter to express my sincere congratulations on sth.
考研英语作文格式如下：
考研英语一小作文如果用齐头式，无论是书信格式还是告示，落款都写在左边，在考研作文中主要包括书信和告示俩种小作文，若采用齐头式的书写方式，在正式书面中落款都是写在左边，但如果在生活中写给朋友之类的话则也可以落款在右边。
考研书信格式一般包括信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签名、附言等7个内容。
做题技巧
有些题目，在看第一遍时，就可以凭知识、阅历选出答案。然后在接下来的题目当中，我们就可以按顺序做题了。
你需要重点注意剩下的空格前后都有什么：如果是补充段落，则可能前后都要看；如果要补充的是段首句或小标题，则重点看空格后面；如果补充段尾句或小标题下面的内容，则重点看空格前面。那些有词汇复现的选项要么就是正确答案，要么就是干扰选项。
考研英语二模板怎么整理
一、第一段写作 图表作文有表格(table)、柱形图(bar chart)、饼状图(pie chart)和折线图(diagram)之分，后三种都属于图表的范畴(chart)。不管是chart还是table，都需要进行描述，一般放在文章的第一部分，长度宜适中。描述数据我们要首先看看是几个变量(A)，每个变量有几个数据(B)，不妨以A*B表示。 如果只有一个变量，有三个数据， As can be seen clearly in the chart, the average number of hours a student spends on Internet every week has increased from 2 hours in 1998 to 8 hours in 2006. 如果是最常见的是2*3的情形， According to the information implied in the chart, we can see clearly that in a big city in China, state owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period. 如果是1*n(n>3)的情形，将头与尾描述出来即可，比较好的方法就是在句中描述最后一个与第一个相比变化了多少。 碰到多变量、每个变量多数据的情形，大家应首先进行分类，分成上升、下降两类，或者上升、下降、不变三类，如此，问题可以得到解决。 二、第二段写作 第二段是阐释现象、解释原因的段落，在搬出原因，进行论证的时候，一定要注意起承转合，逻辑清楚，我们总结了以下的套用句式。 it is universally known that the above-mentioned chart truly demonstrates a social issue which is becoming more and more popular currently. What prove to be the underlying reasons for it? Without any doubt, 3 reasons stated as follows can be adopted to account for it. First and foremost,(阐释具体的现象或原因)more importantly, (阐释具体的现象或原因)，last but not the least.(阐述具体的现象或原因) 三、第三段写作 最后一段着力于根据图表所反映的变化，对它所存在的问题给出一些措施，对它的未来趋势进行展望或者阐述其发展方向。 To sum up, in order to maintain such a sound momentum, a number of great efforts should be made to take some effective measures in this regard, on the one hand,具体的措施，on the other hand，具体的措施，only in this way, can this momentum be kept smoothly, (如果以上说的是好的趋势) Generally speaking, in order to put an end to this bad momentum, some compelling measures should be taken into account, on the one hand,具体措施， on the other hand,具体措施， only if we have taken the above-mentioned measures ,can this momentum be curbed effectively.(如果以上说的是不好的趋势) 总之，图表作文的写作有一定的规律可循，在写作的过程中考生们可以套用以上给出的一些重要句子，如此练习、反复实践，必将掌握图表作文的写作套路。也可以找学鸣老师寻求帮助
2011年考研英语作文写作模板讲解 考研英语写作的文章一般包括一个开头段、若干扩展段和一个结尾段。开头段和结尾段一般比扩展段短。各种段落的作用、特点和写作方法如下所示。 一、开头段 开头段一定要语言精练，并且直接切入主题。开头段一般不对主题进行深入的探讨，具体的论证或叙述应该在扩展段进行。 开头段的常用核心句型： 1．The arguer may be right about…, but he seems to neglect （fail） to mention （takes into account） the fact that…. 2．As opposed to （Contrary to） widely （commonly / generally） held （accepted） belief （ideas / views）, I believe （argue） that… 3．Although many people believe that…, I doubt （wonder）whether the argument bears much analysis （close examination）. 4．The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gained from （carry more weight than those of / are much greater than） A. 5．Although it is commonly （widely / generally） held （felt / accepted / agreed） that…, it is unlikely to be true that…. 6．There is an element of truth in this argument （statement）, but it ignores a deeper and more basic （important / essential） fact （reason） that…. 7．It is true that （True, / To be sure, / Admittedly,）…, but this is not to say （it is unlikely / it doesn’t follow / it doesn’t mean / it won’t be the case） that…. 8．The main （obvious / great） problem （flaw / drawback） with （in） this argument （view / remark） is that it is ignorant of （blind to） the basic （bare） fact that…. 9．It would be possible （natural / reasonable） to think （believe / take the view） that…, but it would be absurd （wrong） to claim （argue） that…. 10．In all the discussion and debate over…, one important （basic） fact is generally overlooked （neglected）. 11．There is absolutely （in fact） no （every） reason for us to believe （accept / resist / reject） that…. 12．Logical （Valid / Sound） as this argument and I wholeheartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant （absurd） when…is taken into consideration（account）. 13．To assume （suggest） that…is far from being proved （to miss the point）. 14．A close （careful） inspection （examination / scrutiny） of this argument would reveal how flimsy （groundless /fallacious） it is. 15．On the surface （At first thought）, it （this） may seem a sound （an attractive） suggestion （solution / idea）, but careful weighing on the mind （on closer analysis / on second thought）, we find that… 16．Too much emphasis placed on （attention paid to / importance attached to）…may obscure （overlook / neglect） other facts…. 17．The danger （problem / fact / truth / point） is that…. 18．What the arguer fails to understand （consider / mention） is that…. 19．However just （logical / sound / valid） this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem. 20．Among the most convincing （important） reasons given （cited / offered / identified） by people for…, one should be stressed （emphasized / mentioned）. 21．As far as I am concerned, however, I believe that…. 22．I believe that the title statement is valid because （of）…. 23．I agree with the above statement because I believe that…. 24．Although I appreciate that…, I cannot agree with the title statement. 25．There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of…. Those who object to…argue that…. But people who favor…, on the other hand, argue that…. 26．Currently （In recent years / In the past few years / For many years now）, there is （has been） a（n） general （widespread / growing / widely held） feeling towards （concern over / attitude towards / trend towards / awareness of / realization of / illusion of / belief in）…. 27．Now it is commonly （widely / generally / increasingly） believed （thought / held / accepted/ felt / recognized / acknowledged） that…. But I wonder （doubt） whether…. 28．These days we are often told that （often hear about）…, but is this really the case? 二、中间段 中间段是文章的正文，其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和详实的解释和论证。 1、中间段的一般特征 ① 篇幅一般比开头段和结尾段长。 ② 每段有相应的主题句。 ③包含定义、解释、描写，说明主题思想的扩展句可以采用实例、数据或个人经历等写作手段。 ④不同种类的段落采用不同的扩展手段。 2.中间段的常用核心句型： 1．Although the popular belief is that…, a current （new / recent） study （survey / poll / investigation） indicates （shows / demonstrates） that…. 2．Common sense tells us that…. 3．The increase （change / failure / success） in…mainly （largely / partly） results from （arises from / is because of）…. 4．The increase （change / failure / success） in…is due to （owing to / attributable to） the fact that…. 5．Many people would claim that…. 6．One may attribute （ascribe / owe） the increase （decrease / change ） to…, but…is not by itself an adequate explanation. 7．One of the reasons given for…is that…. 8．What is also worth noticing is that…. 9．There are many （different / several /a number of / a variety of）causes （reasons） for this dramatic （marked / significant） growth （change / decline / increase） in…. First,…. Second,…. Finally,…. 10．There is no evidence to suggest that…. 11．Why are （is / do / did）…? For one thing,…. For another,…. 12．Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that…. 13．It gives rise to （lead to / bring /create） a host of problems （consequences）. 14．There are numerous reasons why…, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones. 15．It will exert （have / produce） profound （far-reaching / remarkable / considerable / beneficial / favorable / undesirable / disastrous） effect （influence） on…. 16．A multitude of factors could account for （contribute to / lead to / result in / influence） the change （increase / decrease / success / failure / development） in…. 17．In 2000, it increased （rose / jumped / shot up） from 5 to 10 percent of the total （to 15 percent / by 15 percent）. 18．By comparison with 2002, it decreased （dropped / fell） from 10 to 5 percent （to 15 percent / by 15 percent）. 19．It accounts for 15 percent of the total. 20．There were 100 traffic accidents in April, an increase of 5 percent in a five-month period. 21．By 2002, only （less than / more than / almost / about / over/ as many as） three quarters （40 percent of / one out of five / one in four） college population （graduates / housewives） as against （as compared with） last year （2002） preferred to （liked）…. 22．With the development （improvement / rise / growth / general recognition / acknowledgement / realization） of…, vast changes awaits this country’s society. 23．Now people in growing （ever-increasing / significant） numbers are beginning （coming / getting） to believe （realize / recognize / understand / accept / see / be aware） that…. 24．According to a（n） recent （new / official） study （survey / report / poll）,…. 25．History （Our society） is filled （abounds） with the examples of…. 26．The story （case / instance / situation） is not rare （isolated / unique）, it is one of many examples （typical of dozens）. 27．A （one） recent （new / general / nationwide） study （survey / poll / investigation） conducted （taken） at a university by （officials / scientists / experts） indicates （reveals / suggests / shows / proves / demonstrates） that…. 28．According to （As can be seen in / As is shown in） the figures （statistics / findings / data / graph / table） released （provided） by the government （an institute）, it can be learned （seen / predicted） that…. 29．There is （no） good （every / little / sufficient / considerable / strong） evidence （proof） to 30．Personal experience （Examples I heard / read of） leads me to conclude that…. 31．We must admit the undeniable fact that…. 32．No one can deny （ignore / doubt / overlook / obscure / brush aside） the fact that…. 33．Experience （Evidence） suggests （shows） that…. 34．Take for example…who （that）…. 35．The same is true of…. 36．As the saying goes,“….” 三、结尾段 结尾段的核心句型： 1．From what has been discussed above （Taking into account all these factors / Judging from all evidence offered）, we may safely draw （reach / come to / arrive at） the conclusion that…. 2．All the evidence （analysis） supports （justifies / confirms / warrants / points to） a（n） unshakable （unmistakable / sound / just） conclusion that…. 3．It is high time that we place （lay / put） great （special / considerable） emphasis on the improvement （development / increase / promotion） of…. 4．It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated （unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable） situation （tendency / phenomenon） of…. 5．We must look （search / call / cry） for an immediate action （method / measure）, because the present （current） situation （phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude） of…, if permitted （allowed） to continue （proceed）, will surely （certainly） lead to （result in） the end （destruction / heavy cost） of…. 6．There is no easy （immediate / effective） solution （approach / answer / remedy） to the problem of…, but…might be useful （helpful / beneficial）. 7．No easy method （solution / recipe / remedy） can be at hand （found / guaranteed） to solve （resolve / tackle） the problem of…, but the common （general / public） recognition of （realization of / awareness of / commitment to） the necessity （importance / significance） of…might be the first step towards change （on the right way / in the right direction）. 8．Following these methods （suggestions） may not guarantee the success in （solution to）…, but the pay-off will be worth the effort. 9．Obviously （Clearly / No doubt）, if we ignore （are blind to） the problem, there is every chance that…. 10．Unless there is a common realization of （general commitment to）…, it is very likely （the chances are good） that…. 11．There is little doubt （no denying） that serious （special / adequate / immediate / further） attention must be called （paid / devoted） to the problem of…. 12．It is necessary （essential / fundamental） that effective （quick / proper） action （steps /measures / remedies） should be taken to prevent （correct /check / end / fight） the situation （tendency / phenomenon）. 13．It is hoped （suggested / recommended） that great （continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate） efforts should be made to control （check/ halt / promote） the growth （increase / rise） of…. 14．It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to （expended on / focused on） finding （developing / improving）…. 15．It remains to be seen whether…, but the prospect （outlook） is not quite encouraging （that rosy）. 16．Anyhow, wider （more） education （publicity） should be given to the possible （potential / grave /serious / pernicious） consequences （effects） of…. 17．To reverse （check / control） the trend （tendency） is not a light task （an easy job）, and it requires （demands / involves / entails） a different state of mind towards （attitude towards / outlook on）…. 18．For these reasons, I strongly recommend that…. 19．For the reasons given above, I feel that…. 四、段落扩展中的常用词语 1、总结关系过渡词语 generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, in general, on a larger scale, to take the idea further, to take the above opinion to an extreme, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some extent, in my opinion, in my view, as for me, as far as I am concerned, obviously, undoubtedly, in terms of, in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude 2、比较对比关系过渡词语 similarly, likewise, like, too, equally important, the same as, in common, in the same way, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, in/by contrast, but, however, yet, nevertheless 3、列举关系过渡词语 for example, for instance, as an example, as a case in point, such as, namely, that is, like, thus, first, second, third, finally, in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, to start with, what is more, furthermore, eventually, besides, in addition （to that）, first and foremost, last but not least, next, also, moreover, for one thing, for another 4、因果关系过渡词语 because （of）, as, since, for, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of, as a result of, result in （from）, consequently, for the reason that, as a consequence, consequently, if follows that, accordingly, therefore, hence 5、让步关系过渡词语 although, even though, after all, in spite of, despite, granted that 6、强调关系过渡词语 anyway, certainly, surely, obviously, to be sure, especially, particularly, above all, in deed, in fact, even worse, needless to say, most important of all, no doubt 。
我这里没有啊，要有的话很乐意给你举办，可是现在没有，也就爱莫能助了，求楼下的大神给一张
2021考研英语二写作高分必备谭剑波刘玉楼
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考研英语作文模板自己整理
英语小作文，在考研英语试卷上是必定会出现的题目。下面是我给大家整理的，供大家参阅! 1 : You learned that Ms. Wang was helping you dealing with office matters during your sick leave. Write a letter of appreciation to her to express your thanks. Your letter should include: 1 what you heard of what Wang did, 2 the reason for your thanks, 3 the favor you'd like to offer. You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write your address. 10 points 模版范文 Dear Ms. Wang, I'm told by Zhang Lei that you were the good-hearted man who kept my desk from overflowing during my sick leave while still keeping up your own work! I had been expecting the chaos once I returned to my office, but instead I was able to start back with a clear desk. I am most appreciative of everything you did for me. I don't know if this is a pliment or not, but you did things just as I would have done! Do call on me if I can ever return the favor. Yours truly, Li Ming 2 Directions: Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1 describe the drawing, 2 explain its intended meaning, and then 3 give your ments. You should write 160-200 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. 20 points 模版范文 The animated cartoon reminds its audience about the significance of the Earth hour. On the lastSaturday of March, it is advisable that lights should be turned off for an hour with a view to protecting the Earth. It seems that the Earth would feel better with all lights off. The implied meaning of the drawing is that waste and extravagance are not difficult to find wherever we go. We can often encounter a scene where papers, bottles and cans are thrown away after use. Food is wasted just because of poor taste, and clothes are discarded simply due to their old fashion. Not only do we squander things and money, but also we lose our environmental awareness. It is high time to call for an end to the unpleasant situation. First and foremost, education to build up thrift habits should be prompted by relevant government departments at different levels. Besides, we, as college students, must learn to make wise use of natural resources. Only in this way can we protect the health of the Earth. 3 Jane, your clas *** ate, is thinking of subscribing to an English-language newspaper. And you would like to remend one to her. Write a letter to 1 tell her which newspaper it is and 2 describe two features of the paper. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. 10 points 模版范文 Dear Jane, As to the English-language newspaper you are thinking of subscribing to, I would remend 21st Century. First, I think that the contents of the newspaper are interesting and entertaining enough for you to carry on reading, for they consist mainly of buzz, opinion, focus, culture, campus, career and hotshots. In addition, the language of its articles is not too difficult for you to understand, as its targeted audience is largely college students, non-English majors in particular. I believe it will be more beneficial if you can read the newspaper every day, and your English will definitely be improved. Wish you good luck! Yours sincerely, Li Ming 4 Directions: For this part, you are expected to write a position of no less than 150 words on Changes in People's Daily Expenses in XX City. Study the following chart carefully and your position must be based on the outline and the rmation in the chart. 1 Changes in people's daily expenses in the past five years. 2 Give possible reasons for the changes. 3 Draw your own conclusions. 15 points 模版范文 In the past five years, there have been great changes in people's daily expenses in XX city. According to the figures given in the table, the amount of money spent on food decreased gradually, accounting for 35 percent in 2014. In addition, the table shows an upward tendency in recreation expenses. The same was the case with other expenses. What caused these remarkable changes? In my opinion, there are at least three good reasons. To begin with, with the rapid development of agriculture in China, the output of grain, fruit, vegetables and milk has sharply increased, which contributesto the decline in their prices. Secondly, the family ines of people both in the city and in the countryside have greatly risen so that people now can afford expensive clothing and some of them even want to dress in the latest fashion. Finally, as the living condition improves, the demand for a variety of recreation is growing steadily, too. In short, with the ines rising continuously, people no longer reconciled themselves to living a simple, monotonous life. They are eager to make their life interesting and exciting. Therefore, I am sure that people will spend more money on clothing and recreation. 5 Section Ⅳ Writing : You are to write an email to James Cook, a newly-arrived Australia professor, remending some tourist attractions in your city .Please give reason for your remendation. You should write nearly on the answer sheet. Dot not sign your own name at the end of the email .use "Li Ming" instead. Do not write the address. 10 points 【范文】 Dear Prof. James Cook, Wele to China. I know you love traveling, so I’m writing this letter to remend to you one of my favorite scenic spots—Harbin, which is an old northern city of China. I think you must like it for the reasons as follows. To begin with, there are an amount of beautiful scenic spots, such as the Ice and Snow Kingdom in winter, the Sun Island, the Central Street and so on. In addition, you could taste a great number of snacks on the average street. Last but not least, the people of Harbin are overwhelmingly hospitable and enthusiastic, which is famous all over China. Owing to the reasons discussed above, I won’t hesitate to remend this scenic spot to you. I am sure you will enjoy it. Best wishes for you! Yours sincerely, Li Ming 看过的人还：
考研究生的朋友吗，对于试卷上后面的英语大作文相必有接触过。下面是我给大家整理的，供大家参阅! 1 Direction Write an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing .In your essay ,you should 1 describe the drawing briefly 2 explain its intended measing and 3 give your ments You should write neatly on ANSWER 大作文范文： Our surroundings are being polluted fast and man's present efforts can not prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more cars, larger cities and the growing use of man-made materials. What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man -- by his desire for a modern way of life. We make "increasing industrialization" our chief we are often ready to offer everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of our modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has bee a serious problem. Isn't it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going-- and why? It makes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker,"I've some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we're making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we're lost and don't know where we're going. " The sad fact is that this bees a true story when speaking of our modern society. In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves 2 【题目要求】 Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1 describe the drawing briefly, 2 explain its intended meaning, and 3 give your suggestions. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET .20points 【题目评析】 本次考研英语的大作文部分体裁与往年相比，依然保持稳定，是图画式作文。就结构而言，依然可以是三段式：第一段是描述图画的表层含义，第二段是阐明其图画的内涵，第三段基本可以说明自己的观点。就内容和话题而言，和我们的真实生活非常贴切，属于综合性话题，考查了当今资讯社会发展过程中电子产品对我们日常面对面交流的影响，对于人们依赖于智慧手机而忽视面对面交流这个话题，考生应该是有切身体会，有话可说。同硬币有两面一个道理，智慧手机虽然方便了人们的生活和交流，却淡漠了人与人面对面交流的能力。最后就人们过分依赖于智慧手机，做出你自己得评论和发表自己的观点。 【参考范文】 Nowadays, with the increasing popularity of *** art phones, it is not unusual to find a group of people sitting around the table, each playing with their *** art phones separately instead of talking with each other face to face. As is vividly shown in the picture, all the members absorbed in their electronic products. There are several reasons accounting for this phenomenon. Some people may lack the ability to municate with others or the mon interest while others claim that it’s a good way to relieve stress and embarras *** ent in social munications. Naturally, there are still others who are heavy *** art phone users and fail to break away from the addiction. As far as I’m concerned, it is essential for us to build closer social bonds through face-to-face conversations when getting together with our relatives, friends, clas *** ates and colleagues. I strongly remend that you put away your *** art phones in such occasions not only to show respect for others but also to enjoy the gatherings and improve your municative skills as well. 3 Directions: Write an essay of 160—200 word *** ased on the following picturein your essay, you should 1. describe the pictures briefly, 2. interpret its intendedmeaning, and 3. give your ments. You should write neatly ontheANSWERSHEET. 20 points 参考范文： 参考范文一 As is vividly depicted in the first picture there is a father watching TV and asking his son to study hard, with his son being unable to concentrate on his study. The second picture portrays that the son and the father are studying hard together. At the lower part of the picture is a caption which implies that it is wise for parents to set a good example for their children by action rather than by words. It occurs to me that the author of the drawing aims at reminding us of the the value of a good example by parents. First and foremost, examplesspeak louder than words, for it is widely accepted that an exampleenableseach personto transformhis or heraspirations from astate of potentiality into it another way, parents’example enables their children to improve them selves, so they can be qualified for the future job, be ready for the forthing life, and they are likely to achieve more fulfillment. Furthermore, according to a latest survey conducted by an authority on the Internet, the majority of people interviewed answer that parents’action produces more positive influence on the growth of their children than oral requirements do. Hence, it is vital for us to derive positive implications fromthe above pictures. For one thing,we should frequently use it to enlightenyoung parents. For another,we should cultivate the awareness ofparentsthatpersonal examplesarevery vital tokid’s growth. Only by doing so canchildren grow sound in body and mind. 参考范文二 Above are graphic pictures that show a sharp contrast with each other. In the left one, there is a father who is watching TV happily, with his son cannot go on with his study attentively beside him, but the father asks his son to work hard. In the right one, however,sit a father and a son, who are studying , at the bottom of the picture are huge characters, meaning“It is better to set example, rather than just make requests.”The drawer’s intention seems to be highly self-evident and the meaning causes us to be thought-provoking. To begin with, model plays a critical part in our life. If we set someone as our model, we will try to imitate him. For example, if we set Zhang Haidi as our example, and we think her spirit of perseverance impresses us deeply, we will also persist in doing something even if we e across many difficulties. What is more, model,one of the greatest fashionable themes of our era throughout the history of mankind all around the world that I have ever known in my whole life, which is the greatest that there ever was and the greatest that there ever will be, is momentous and fundamental to people what the soul is vital and significant to us. Judging from the reams of evidence presented above, it is safe for us to conclude that modelplays a fundamental part ineconomic prosperity and social progress. 参考范文三 The great American humorist and writer Mark Twain once said, “ When I was a boy of 14, my father was so ignorant I could hardly stand the old man around. But when i got to be 21, I was astonished that how much he had learned in seven years.” Contrary to what exasperated parents of teenagers may often think and feel, family attitude and parents’ behaviors do lay an important role in shaping the choices of young people make. What people watch ultimately has an impact on what actually occurs. It’s not just because they witness it, cause they believe it and act as though it is. So the moral here is to help children develop positive and pro-social concept about themselves, in that children are likely to make choices or actions that match what they learn from their parents. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that parents’ behaviors before their kids has both positive and negative effects to their children. What we must do is to make sure that the positive ones are encouraged and the negative ones are eliminated as far as possible. 看过的人还：
为了在不久的将来，成为一名会英语的研究生，我们从现在就开始看英语作文积累词汇。下面是我给大家整理的研究生英语作文范文，供大家参阅!
Sleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptiles.
There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli.
Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animal's vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease it? Wilse Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.
全文翻译：
睡眠的进化
睡眠是古老的。 从脑电图上看，我们人类和所有灵长目动物以及几乎所有的哺乳动物 和鸟类都一样需要睡眠;甚至爬行类动物也有睡眠。 有证据显示，有梦睡眠和无梦睡眠这两种类型的睡眠取决于该动物的生活方式。 从统计上看，食肉动物比被捕食动物有更多的 有梦睡眠，而被捕食动物更多地无梦睡眠。
动物在有梦睡眠时，被有效地解除动作能力， 并且对外界刺激缺乏反应。 无梦睡眠则要浅得多。 我们都看到过猫和狗在显然的酣睡中， 有一点响动耳朵就会竖起来。 被捕食动物很少有深度的有梦睡眠，这看来显然是自然选择 的结果。
而且这一点是有道理的：当睡眠高度进化以后，愚笨的动物比聪明的动物更少在 深度睡眠状态下丧失动作能力。
但是动物为什么要进入深度睡眠呢?为什么这样的无动作状 态也会进化出来呢? 海豚、鲸鱼以及水生哺乳动物睡眠都极少，这一事实可以给睡眠的根本 功能提供有用的线索。 海洋中是没有藏身之处的。 会不会是这样，睡眠不但不增加动物受 伤害的可能性，反而是减少了这种可能性呢?佛罗里达大学的 Wilse Webb 和伦敦大学的 Ray Meddis 认为情况就是如此。 可以想像得出，在危险的时刻，那些由于太愚笨而不能自动保 持安静的动物，会不由自主地变得动弹不得。 这一点在食肉动物的幼兽身上表现得特别明 显。 这是一个很有意思的看法，它至少部分是正确的。
The ways of history are so intricate and the motivations of human actions so complex that it is always hazardous to attempt to represent events covering a number of years, a multiplicity of persons, and distant localities as the expression of one intellectual or social movement; yet the historical process which culminated in the ascent of Thomas Jefferson to the presidency can be regarded as the outstanding example not only of the birth of a new way of life but of nationalism as a new way of life. The American Revolution represents the link between the seventeenth century, in which modern England became conscious of itself, and the awakening of modern Europe at the end of the eighteenth century. It may seem strange that the march of history should have had to cross the Atlantic Ocean, but only in the North American colonies could a struggle for civic liberty lead also to the foundation of a new nation.
Here, in the popular rising against a "tyrannical" government, the fruits were more than the securing of a freer constitution. They included the growth of a nation born in liberty by the will of the people, not from the roots of common descent, a geographic entity, or the ambitions of king or dynasty. With the American nation, for the first time, a nation was born,
not in the dim past of history but before the eyes of the whole world.
全文翻译：美国革命的历史意义
历史的进程是如此错综复杂，人类行为的动机是如此令人费解，以至于想把那些时间跨度大，涉及人数多，空间范围广的事件描述成为一个智者或一场社会运动的表现的企图是危 险的。 然而以托马斯·杰弗逊登上总统宝座为高潮的那一段历史过程可以被视为一个特殊 的例子。
在这段历史时期里不仅诞生了新的生活方式，而且民族主义成为了一种新的生活 方式。 美国独立战争成为联结 17 世纪现代英格兰的自我意识和 18 世纪末现代欧洲的觉醒 的纽带。 历史的行程需要跨越大西洋，这看起来似乎有些奇怪，但却只有在北美殖民地为 民权和自由的斗争才能导致新国家的建立。
这里，反对"暴政"的民众起义的成果不仅是获 得一个包含更多自由的宪法，还包括了一个依照人民的意愿诞生在自由中的国家的成长。这 个国家不是基于血缘、地理、君主或王朝的野心。 由于有了美国，第一次一个国家的诞生不是发生在历史模糊的过去，而是在全世界人们的眼前。
People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy-- one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.
Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped -- or, as the case might be, bumped into -- concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one.
Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers - the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table - is itself far from innate.
全文翻译：儿童的数学能力
人似乎生来就会计算。 孩子们使用数字的技能发展得如此之早和如此必然，很容易让 人想象有一个内在的精确而成熟的数字钟在指导他们的成长。
孩子们在学会走路和说话后 不久，就能以令人惊叹的准确布置桌子--五把椅子前面分别摆上一把刀、一个汤匙、一把叉子。 很快地，他们就能知道他们已在桌面上摆放了五把刀、五个汤匙、五把叉子。 没有多 久，他们就又能知道这些东西加起来总共是 15 把银餐具。
如此这般地掌握了加法之后，他 们又转向减法。 有一种设想几乎顺理成章，那就是，即使一个孩子一出生就被隔绝到荒岛上，七年后返回世间，也能直接上小学二年级的数学课，而不会碰到任何智力调整方面的大 麻烦。当然，事实并没有这么简单。
本世纪认知心理学家的工作已经揭示了智力发展所依 赖的日常学习的微妙形式。 他们观察到孩子们缓慢掌握那些成年人认为理所当然的概念的 过程，或者是孩子们偶然遇到这些概念的过程。 他们也观察到孩子们拒绝承认某些常识的 情况。 比如： 孩子们拒绝承认当水从短而粗的瓶中倒入细而长的瓶子中时，水的数量没有 变化。 心理学家们而后又展示一个例子， 即：让孩子们数一堆铅笔时，他们能顺利地报出 蓝铅笔或红铅笔的数目，但却需诱导才能报出总的数目。 此类研究表明：数学基础是经过 逐渐努力后掌握的。
他们还表示抽象的数字概念，如可表示任何一类物品并且是在做比摆 桌子有更高数学要求的任何事时都必备的一、二、三意识，远远不是天生就具备的。
