摘要：
英语中主谓一致知识点总结知识点总结 在英语中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、复数形式上必须和主语保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“主谓一致”。这一点看似简单，但在实际运用中却常常遇... 英语中主谓一致知识点总结
知识点总结 在英语中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、复数形式上必须和主语保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“主谓一致”。这一点看似简单，但在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配： 语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近原则。 一、语法一致 主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。例如： He often helps me learn English. （主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式） 。 My friends often help me learn English. （主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式） 但主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单，有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待： 1、不定式，动名词，以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。 例如：Reading aloud is helpful to learn English.大声朗读对学习英语是有帮助的。 What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。 2、不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。但none 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数，这要取决于说话人的看法。 例如：Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。 Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book .每个男孩和女孩对这本书都表现出很大的兴趣。 3、表示国家，机构，事件，作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。 例如：One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories . 《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多有趣的故事。 4、a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。 例如：The number of workers in the factory is 400. 这个工厂里工人的数量是400. A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。 5、由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语，或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。另外，由and连接两个主语时，谓语一般用复数。 例如：On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball 海边，有些人在打排球。 Both of us are fond of watching football games .我们俩都喜欢看足球赛。 A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 许多即将毕业的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作。 6、有些表示数量的百分数，分数等后面加名词或代词作主语时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如：a lot of, most of, any of, half of, three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可数名词，或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。 例如：A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday. 昨天那家商店丢失了许多钱。 A lot of students are from England in the school.那个学校里很多学生来自英国。 二、意义一致 这一原则是指，从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。 1）当主语后面接由but, except, besides, as well as, as much as, including, more than, no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单，复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。 例如：The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊。 The students, together with their teacher, are going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊。 我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去，因为它们在句子里是状语：The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher. 2）表示时间，金钱，距离，体积，重量，面积，数字等词语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如： Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八小时的睡眠足够了。 Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life. 二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期。 3）形容词前加定冠词即“the + 形容词”作主语时，其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；指一类人则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。 例如：The sick here are very well cared for. 这里的病人都被照顾得很好。 The true is to be distinguished from the false. 真实与虚假应加以区别。 4）由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。 但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 如：The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。（作家和教师指同一个人） The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。（作家和老师是两个人） 5）集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义：主语表示整体时视为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有：army, class, club, crowd, family, government, group, people, police, public, team等。 例如：The family are all fond of football. 那一家人都喜欢足球。 The family is the tiniest cell of the society. 家庭是社会的最小的细胞。 6）一些形式为复数，意思为单数的名词，如：trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 如：Her glasses are new. 她的眼镜是新的。 但当这类名词前有a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词应用单数。 如：This pair of trousers is made in Hangzhou. 三、就近原则 这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, either… or …, neither… nor … , not only… but also …等。 例如： Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 不是我，就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任。 Neither his family nor he knows anything about it. 他全家人和他都不知道那件事。 常见考法 对于主谓一致的考查，通常会以单选的形式出现，多是让我们选择合适的谓语动词。 典型例题：The factory, including its machines and buildings, __________ burnt last night. A. is B. are C. were D. was 解析：but, except, besides, with, together with, along with, including, as well as, rather than, like等词连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致，本题中就是和The factory保持一致。而这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单，复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。 答案：D 误区提醒 主谓一致这一知识点比较琐碎，在运用中常会因为考虑不全面而出错，所以我们必须把每一种用法记住，灵活运用。尤其要注意就近原则、集体名词和百分数，分数短语作主语的情况。 典型例题：Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 解析：本题考查的是就近原则。either… or …, neither… nor … , not only… but also …连接两个主语时，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。本题中就是和Steven保持一致。有now.可知是现在进行时，排除A和C. 答案：B希望对你有帮助，满意请采纳
主谓一致语法总结如下
and连接的2个名词作主语，表明不一样的人或事，谓语动词用复数。and连接的2个名词做主语，表明同一个人或同一件事，谓语动词用奇数。
两个词习惯性上被当作一个总体时，谓语动词用奇数。当主语由no … and no …, each … and each ..., every … and every … 等连接时，谓语动词用奇数。
当主语由as well as, apart from, besides, in addition to,等词句连接时，谓语动词的单复数与这种词句前的名词或介词保持一致。
当主语由or, either … or …, neither … nor …或not only … but also …等连接时，谓语动词的单复数一般与邻近的名词或介词保持一致。团体名词police，media，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。
主谓一致要点归纳 英语中，句子的谓语动词要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。一般来说，主谓一致要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。语法一致原则就是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定；意义一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式决定，即使主语的形式是复数但意义上是单数的话，谓语动词也要用单数形式；就近原则是指谓语动词的形式由靠近它的名词的数决定。 一、以 s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 如果以 s 结尾的名词表示的是学科或国家时，句子的谓语动词要用单数形式。如： Physics is such a difficult subject that I can’t understand it . The United Nations is made up of more than one hundred countries . 2. 有些以 s 结尾的名词表示两个对称部分组成的事物，如 trousers，shoes，glasses，scissors 等，它们单独作主语时谓语动词要用复数，但如果前面有 a / this pair / sort / kind of 等修饰时，则谓语动词要用单数形式。如： My shoes are the gifts from my grand - mother . This kind of shoes is very popular this summer . 3. 有些以 s 结尾的名词如 goods （货物），arms （武器），clothes （衣服），thanks （感谢）等只作复数用，作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。如： All the goods were shipped from America . All the arms you want have been prepared . 4. 一些单复数形式相同的以 s 结尾的名词如 means （方法），works （工厂），headquarters （总部）等作主语时，如果强调单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调复数意义，则谓语用复数形式。 如： All the means have been tried to save the patient . The quickest means of travel is by plane . 二、集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 只能作不可数名词的集体名词如 furniture （家具），machinery （机器），equipment （设备）等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如： The advanced equipment has been offered to the factory . All the furniture in my home is made in Hong Kong . 2. 只能用作复数的集体名词如 people，police，cattle （牲畜）等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如： The working people are brave and great . The police were searching the area for two thieves . 3. 还有一些既可以用作复数又可以用作单数的集体名词，如 team，class，family，club，government，public 等作主语时，如果强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体成员，则谓语动词要用复数形式。如： My family is a happy one . All my family are fond of taking exercise . 三、由 and 连接的两个名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. and 连接的两个名词若表示不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式，若表示同一事物或一个整体，则谓语动词用单数形式。如： The writer and the singer are going to pay a visit to our school . The writer and singer is going to pay a visit to our school . War and peace is always the topic for the people all over the world . 2. 如果 and 连接的两个名词前有 each，every，no 等词修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如： Each girl and each boy has a chance to ask a question . No parent and child was late for the sports meeting . 四、数量词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 表示具体数量的名词词组作主语强调整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，如果强调个体则谓语动词用复数形式。如： Twenty dollars is not enough to buy this book . There are twenty dollars on the desk . 2. “分数 / 百分数 +of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由名词的单复数形式决定。如： Two thirds of the students in this school have been admitted to universities . Two thirds of the water has been polluted in this river . 3. “ all / some / most / none of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词的单复数形式决定，但“ none of+ 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。如： All the leaders were present at the meeting . None of your answers is / are right . 4. “ many a / more than one + 单数名词”作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如： Many a student has passed this difficult exam . 5. “ a number of + 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，而“ the number of + 名词”作主语时谓语用单数。如： A number of boy students are football fans . The number of the students in this school has been increasing these years . 6. “ a / this kind / type / sort 等 + of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但“复数名词 +of +a / this kind / type / sort ”等作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。如： This kind of men is dangerous . Men of this kind are dangerous .
主谓一致语法总结：1、主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语必须采取复数形式。2、不定式，动名词，以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。3、不定代词及each作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。4、表示国家，机构，事件，作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。5、a series of，a kind of，the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。6、由some，several，both，few，many，a number of等词修饰主语，或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。7、由and连接两个主语时，如指同一人或物，谓语用单数；指不同的人或物，谓语用复数。8、有些短语，如：a lot of，most of，any of，half of，three fifths of，eighty percent of，some of，none of，the rest of，all of等后接不可数名词，或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。9、主语为单数个不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句时，谓语动词一般用单数。10、主语为三单，或习惯用作单数名词或不可数名词的词，如：money，information，clothing等，谓语动词用单数。
高中英语主谓一致知识点总结
精讲高中英语主谓一致语法
在高中英语学习中，随着学习的不断深入，同学们会逐渐发现能够充当主语的成分也越来越多，除了常见的名词、代词，还有非谓语、句子等等，那么如何使这些主语和它的谓语动词保持性、数上的一致，即主谓一致就成了我们英语学习中的一个重要课题，也是历来高考题关注的热点。现总结主谓一致的`几点原则如下：
（1）就近原则
①由并列结构或连词（either…or， neither…nor，not…but， not only…but also， or等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
Neither his parents nor Tom is at home.
汤姆和他的父母都不在家。
注：either…or,neither…nor,or连接的两个主语若是一单一复，最好将复数主词放在后面而接复数动词。
②在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
There is a book and some pens on the desk.
桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
③在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
I know the man who is talking to my father.
我认识那个正在和我父亲谈话的人。
④在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
It is Mary's brother who was injured in the car accident.
是玛丽的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。
（2）意义一致原则
①当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with， no less than，besides，except， but， including等短语时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。
I,along with my sister,am going to Shanghai next month.
我，还有我姐姐，打算下个月去上海。
②英语中有一类单、复数同型的词（people，means，sheep，deer，fish等），其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。
All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.
这个国家的人都已经为大变革作好了准备。
③多数情况下，由what引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。
What I want to say is just Take care!我只想说：多保重！
④当主语与all， none， any，some等不定代词、形容词连用时，应根据具体句意，来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。
All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.
我对这家公司的了解都是昨天他告诉我的。
除了知识和学问之外，世上没有其他任何力量能在人们的精神和心灵中，在人的思想、想象、见解和信仰中建立起统治和权威。下面我给大家分享一些高考英语主谓一致知识，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读!
高考英语主谓一致知识1
(一) 语法一致原则
即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:
1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的 短语 , 谓语动词仍用单数.
如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.
No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。
2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:
The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)
A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体,
如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.
如:
Serving the people is my great happiness.
为人民服务是我的幸福.
When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.
我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。
4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.
Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去 游泳 .
No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.
Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。
5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.
如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。
6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。
但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:
Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打 篮球 .
More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到
More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。
7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:
None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。
None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。
8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:
His cloothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:
A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。
9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:
Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:
One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。
高考英语主谓一致知识2
内容一致原则
1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:
The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。6
0%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。
Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。
Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。
2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:
A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。
A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。
3. 加减乘除用单数.如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。
4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:
Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。
5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:The British police have only very limited powers.
(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.
(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如:
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。
6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:
The injured were saved after the fire.
高考英语主谓一致知识3
(三) 就近原则
1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:
Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.
Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。
Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away? 你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢?
2. 用连词or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.
He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。
注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如：
Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是 饲养 宠物者之一。
The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。
Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是一个饲养宠物的人。
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《高中英语语法-主谓一致要点归纳（一）》由留学英语组我整理()。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。 主谓一致要点归纳（一） 英语中，句子的谓语动词要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。一般来说，主谓一致要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。语法一致原则就是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定；意义一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式决定，即使主语的形式是复数但意义上是单数的话，谓语动词也要用单数形式；就近原则是指谓语动词的形式由靠近它的名词的数决定。 一、以 s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 如果以 s 结尾的名词表示的是学科或国家时，句子的谓语动词要用单数形式。如： Physics is such a difficult subject that I can’t understand it . The United Nations is made up of more than one hundred countries . 2. 有些以 s 结尾的名词表示两个对称部分组成的事物，如 trousers，shoes，glasses，scissors 等，它们单独作主语时谓语动词要用复数，但如果前面有 a / this pair / sort / kind of 等修饰时，则谓语动词要用单数形式。如： My shoes are the gifts from my grand - mother . This kind of shoes is very popular this summer . 3. 有些以 s 结尾的名词如 goods （货物），arms （武器），clothes （衣服），thanks （感谢）等只作复数用，作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。如： All the goods were shipped from America . All the arms you want have been prepared . 4. 一些单复数形式相同的以 s 结尾的名词如 means （方法），works （工厂），headquarters （总部）等作主语时，如果强调单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调复数意义，则谓语用复数形式。 如： All the means have been tried to save the patient . The quickest means of travel is by plane . 二、集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 只能作不可数名词的集体名词如 furniture （家具），machinery （机器），equipment （设备）等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如： The advanced equipment has been offered to the factory . All the furniture in my home is made in Hong Kong . 2. 只能用作复数的集体名词如 people，police，cattle （牲畜）等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如： The working people are brave and great . The police were searching the area for two thieves . 3. 还有一些既可以用作复数又可以用作单数的集体名词，如 team，class，family，club，government，public 等作主语时，如果强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体成员，则谓语动词要用复数形式。如： My family is a happy one . All my family are fond of taking exercise . 三、由 and 连接的两个名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. and 连接的两个名词若表示不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式，若表示同一事物或一个整体，则谓语动词用单数形式。如： The writer and the singer are going to pay a visit to our school . The writer and singer is going to pay a visit to our school . War and peace is always the topic for the people all over the world . 2. 如果 and 连接的两个名词前有 each，every，no 等词修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如： Each girl and each boy has a chance to ask a question . No parent and child was late for the sports meeting . 四、数量词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 表示具体数量的名词词组作主语强调整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，如果强调个体则谓语动词用复数形式。如： Twenty dollars is not enough to buy this book . There are twenty dollars on the desk . 2. “分数 / 百分数 +of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由名词的单复数形式决定。如： Two thirds of the students in this school have been admitted to universities . Two thirds of the water has been polluted in this river . 3. “ all / some / most / none of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词的单复数形式决定，但“ none of+ 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。如： All the leaders were present at the meeting . None of your answers is / are right . 4. “ many a / more than one + 单数名词”作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如： Many a student has passed this difficult exam . 5. “ a number of + 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，而“ the number of + 名词”作主语时谓语用单数。如： A number of boy students are football fans . The number of the students in this school has been increasing these years . 6. “ a / this kind / type / sort 等 + of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但“复数名词 +of +a / this kind / type / sort ”等作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。如： This kind of men is dangerous . Men of this kind are dangerous .[1][2] 《高中英语语法-主谓一致要点归纳（一）》由留学英语组我整理()
初中英语主谓一致知识点
一、知识点： 在英语学习中，同学们会逐渐发现随着学习的不断深入，能够充当主语的成分也越来越多，除了常见的名词、代词，还有非谓语、句子等等，那么如何使这些主语和它的谓语动词保持性、数上的一致就成了我们英语学习中的一个重要课题，也是历来高考拟题关注的热点。现总结主谓一致的几点原则如下： 一>就近原则 1. 由并列结构或连词（either…or， neither…nor，not…but， not only…but also， or等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。 例句：Neither his parents nor Tom is at home. Tom和他的父母都不在家。 Note：“either…or, neither…nor, or”连接的两个主语若是一单一复，将复数主词放在后面而接复数动词。 2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。 例句：There is a book and some pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。 There comes the bus. 汽车来了。 3. 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。 例句：I know the man who is talking to my father.我认识那个正在和我父亲谈话的人。 4. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。 例句：It is Mary’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。 二>意义一致原则 1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with， no less than，besides，except， but， including等短语时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。 例句：I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我，还有我姐姐，打算下个月去上海。 2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词（people，means，sheep，deer，fish等），其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。 例句：All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。 3. 多数情况下，由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例句：What I want to say is just “ Take care!”.我只想说：“多保重！” 4. 当主语与all， none， any，some等不定代词、形容词连用时，应根据具体句意，来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。 例句：All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的。 5. “…+ (of) +名词”结构描述数量时，如果“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。 例句：Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。 80% cotton has been sent to 的棉花已经被送往美国。 Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。 6. 词组“a number of， a great/good many， a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；如果冠词a变为the，则谓语动词用单数。 例句： A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。 The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。 7. 英语的集体名词（committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。 例句：My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候，我家很穷。 My family are all looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来。 三>整体原则 1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 例句：When to leave has not been decided.什么时候离开还没有定下来。 Go shopping on Sunday is one of his habits.周日购物是他的一个习惯。 Note：如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。 例句：What he said and what he did were always different.他所说的和他所做的总是不一样。 2. 如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时，谓语动词须用单数。 例句： The novelist and poet is going to Europe next year.这位小说家兼诗人打算明年去欧洲。 The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year.小说家和诗人都打算明年去欧洲。 分析：a)句中小说家和诗人the novelist and poet为同一个人，故谓语动词用单数；而b)句中有两个人，一个是小说家the novelist，另一个是诗人the poet。 3. 专用名词，如：书名、剧名、报刊名、国家（组织）名等，通常作单数用。 例句：The United States was found it 1776.美国成立于1776年。 4. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。 例句：10 minutes is enough.十分钟足够了。 5.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。 例句：2 times 3 makes 6. 二乘三等于六。 四>个体原则 1. and连结的两个或多个主语前如果有each, every, no等修饰语时（后面的一个有时也可省略），后面的谓语动词用单数形式。 例句：Every man and every woman is busy at working.每个人都在忙着工作。 2. 英语句中的each， either， neither等词，既可作代词充当主语，又可作形容词修饰主语，这时的谓语动词一律用单数。 例句：Neither of us has been abroad. 我们谁都没出过国。 3. 由some, any every, no构成的复合词（somebody，nobody，everything，anything等）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例句：Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在学校门口等你。 4. many a / more than one + 单数名词，一般接单数谓语动词。 例句：Many a man does not understand Einstein’s relativity.许多人不明白爱因斯坦的相对论。 5. “one and a half + 复数名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。 例句：One and a half hours has passed. 一个半小时过去了。 6. 成双成对出现的复数名词（glasses， scissors， shoes， trousers，pants，gloves，stockings等）作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，但如果前面有a /the pair of；a /the suit of等词语时，则谓语动词要用单数。 例句：A pair of scissors is useful tool for a dressmaker.剪刀是裁缝的重要工具。 7. 以“-s”结尾的“复数”名词（例如；一些学科名词mathematics， physics， politics等），或以“-s”结尾的地点名词、人名等词后面的谓语动词通常用单数。 例句：Mathematics is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目
主谓一致的基本原则主谓一致有以下三条原则：1)语法一致原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如，主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。例如：The students are very young．This picture looks beautiful．2)意义一致原则，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如，主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式；而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数，谓语动词也采取单数形式。 people in that country are fighting for independence． crowd deeply respect their leader． years in a strange land seems a long time．3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如：Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy．2．主谓一致的用法根据以上三条原则，主谓一致有如下用法：1)下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式a．表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如： hundred miles is a long distance． dollars is a high price for that book．b．由anyone，anything，anybody，no one，nothing，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，each，either，neither等不定代词作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式。例如： is knocking at the door． is better than going to the movie tonight．c．由“a series of，a kind of，a portion of +名词”作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。例如：A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week．d．由“many a，more than one +单数名词”作主语，尽管意义上表示复数，但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。例如：Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break．There is more than one answer to your question．e．“名词+and+名词”作主语，表示同一人、同一概念或事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：A writer and educator is giving a lecture now．(这个人既是作家又是教育家)f．"either (neither) + of +复数名词(或代词)"作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： either of you takes a vacation now，we will not be able to finish the work． of them wants to come．g．在each…and each…，every…and every…等结构之后，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Each man and each woman has the right to vote．h．动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：What I want to say is none of your business．Listening to the classical music is enjoyable．i．以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时，如politics(政治学)，mathematics(数学)，statistics(统计学)，acoustics(声学)，linguistics(语言学)等，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Mathematics is what he majors in．2)下列结构作主语，谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词。a．由“a11，none，no，most，half，the last，the rest，the remainder+of+名词”等不定代词作主语，谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如：None of the food is wasted．None of the students were absent．The rest of the lecture was dull．The rest of the bikes were on sale yesterday．b．由"lots of，heaps of，loads Of，scads of +名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如：Lots of work is to be done this of people are going to swim this afternoon．There is loads of milk on the farm．There are loads of big red apples on the ground．There is heaps of fun．c．由“分数或百分数十of +名词或代词”作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于of后名词或代词的单复数形式。例如：Three-quarters of the area is percent of the students have passed the exam．3)下列结构作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式根据意义而定。a．由“the+形容词” 这种结构作主语，根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果表示一类人 (如the rich，the poor，the blind，the deaf，the sick，the young，the old)，谓语动词用复数形式；如果表示个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The blind are taught trades in special schools． (表示一类人)The good in him overweighs the bad． (表示抽象概念)The departed was a good friend of his． (表示个人)b．family，crowd，committee，class，audience，group，government，team，public，majority，minority等集合名词作主语，谓语动词单复数形式应根据意义而定。例如：The family like to listen to the music．(the family指这家人，用作复数)The family is small．(the family指这个家庭，用作单数)The committee has considered your proposal．(the committee指委员会，用作单数)The committee were arguing for an hour before they gave their votes． (the committee指委员会的委员们，用作复数)下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般单复数均可。a. 以数词为名词词组中心词作主语时，谓语动词一般单复数均可。例如：Five and six make／makes eleven．Seven times ten are seventy．但是：Twenty from thirty leaves ten． Six sevens are ．由"one in／out of +名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。例如：One in ten were／was present．下列结构作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。由and或both…and连接两个单数形式的名词词组作主语时，一般谓语动词用复数形式。例如：A girl and a boy want to go．Both rice and wheat are grown in that country．6)下列结构作主语，谓语动词单复数形式视具体情况而定。a．由as well as，together with，besides, like，along with，with but，except，accompanied by，rather than，including连接两个名词作主语，谓语单复数形式应由连接词前的名词而定。例如：The president of the college，together with the deans，is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations．The young mother with her two children is coming now．The plant manager，like many technicians，is experienced in designing new products．b．“名词+of+名词”作主语，谓语动词单复数形式跟of前的名词一致。例如：The picture of the children brings back many memories of my past experiences．The effects of cigarette smoking have been proved to be extremely harmful．c．由not only…but also，either…or，neither…nor或or连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复数形式决定。例如：He or you have taken my pen．Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it．One or two days are enough to visit the ．there be句型中的谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于其后的真正主语的单复数形式。例如：There is a garden in front of the house．There are two things I'd like to say here．7)关于几对容易混淆词组的一致用法a．由"this／that kind／type of +名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；而由"these／those kind／type of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。例如： kind of apples is highly priced． kind(s) of tests are good． b．由“a number of，a total of，an average of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；由“the number of，the total of，the average of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：A number of students are waiting for the bus．The number of the students in this university is increasing ．one of，the (only) one of的一致用法This is one of the books that have been recommended．This is the (only) one of the books that has been recommended．3．前后呼应的用法1)当everyone，everybody，no one，nobody，anyone，anybody，someone，somebody，everything，anything，something，nothing等用作主语时，其相应的代词一般用单数形式。例如：If anybody calls，tell him that I'm out．Something strange happened，didn't it?Every passenger has to carry his own luggage．2)人称代词与名词的呼应：人称代词I (me)，he (him)，she (her)，it (it)都是代替前面的单数名词，而they (them)，we (us)则是代替复数名词的，you既可以代表单数，也可以代表复数。但表示泛指的时候，用he或one来表示。例如：If a young person enters a classical music field only for money，he is in the wrong profession．The leaves of the red maple are highly poisonous to horses and when ingested can kill them within fifteen hours。3)物主代词与名词的呼应：my，our，his，her，its，their要与代替的名词在数上一致。例如：The welfare department，as well as the other social services，will have its budget cut．Delphins are warm-blooded；that is，their body temperature always stays about the same，regardless of the surroundings．4)反身代词与其所代成分间的呼应。Many primitive people believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for clings to this illusion about himself．I have just been out to get myself a cup of tea．5)指示代词与所代名词间的呼应：this和that指代单数名词或不可数名词，these和those指代复数名词 (those还可以用作先行词，引导定语从句，表示“那些人”)。例如：She invited all those who had been her former colleagues．The amount of the pressure caused by the weight of a column of fluid is determined by the height of this column．6) much和much of后接不可数名词，而many和many of后接可数名词的复数。例如：There is not much coal left．A great many of the houses were knocked down by the earthquake．7)表示量的词后面有的接可数名词，有的接不可数名词。接可数名词的有：a number of，a range of，a series of十复数名词；接不可数名词的有：a great deal of，an amount of十不可数名词；既可接可数又可接不可数名词的有：a lot of，a variety of。例如： government attached a great deal of importance to education． a number of women applied for this job． college library has a variety of books． apple is a variety of fruit． wide range of disorders can affect the human muscular system．
知识点总结 在英语中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、复数形式上必须和主语保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“主谓一致”。这一点看似简单，但在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配： 语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近原则。 一、语法一致 主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。例如： He often helps me learn English. （主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式） 。 My friends often help me learn English. （主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式） 但主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单，有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待： 1、不定式，动名词，以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。 例如：Reading aloud is helpful to learn English.大声朗读对学习英语是有帮助的。 What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。 2、不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。但none 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数，这要取决于说话人的看法。 例如：Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。 Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book .每个男孩和女孩对这本书都表现出很大的兴趣。 3、表示国家，机构，事件，作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。 例如：One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories . 《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多有趣的故事。 4、a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。 例如：The number of workers in the factory is 400. 这个工厂里工人的数量是400. A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。 5、由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语，或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。另外，由and连接两个主语时，谓语一般用复数。 例如：On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball 海边，有些人在打排球。 Both of us are fond of watching football games .我们俩都喜欢看足球赛。 A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 许多即将毕业的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作。 6、有些表示数量的百分数，分数等后面加名词或代词作主语时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如：a lot of, most of, any of, half of, three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可数名词，或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。 例如：A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday. 昨天那家商店丢失了许多钱。 A lot of students are from England in the school.那个学校里很多学生来自英国。 二、意义一致 这一原则是指，从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。 1）当主语后面接由but, except, besides, as well as, as much as, including, more than, no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单，复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。 例如：The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊。 The students, together with their teacher, are going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊。 我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去，因为它们在句子里是状语：The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher. 2）表示时间，金钱，距离，体积，重量，面积，数字等词语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如： Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八小时的睡眠足够了。 Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life. 二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期。 3）形容词前加定冠词即“the + 形容词”作主语时，其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；指一类人则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。 例如：The sick here are very well cared for. 这里的病人都被照顾得很好。 The true is to be distinguished from the false. 真实与虚假应加以区别。 4）由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。 但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 如：The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。（作家和教师指同一个人） The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。（作家和老师是两个人） 5）集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义：主语表示整体时视为单数，谓语动词用单数；主语表示集体中的个体成员时视为复数，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有：army, class, club, crowd, family, government, group, people, police, public, team等。 例如：The family are all fond of football. 那一家人都喜欢足球。 The family is the tiniest cell of the society. 家庭是社会的最小的细胞。 6）一些形式为复数，意思为单数的名词，如：trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 如：Her glasses are new. 她的眼镜是新的。 但当这类名词前有a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词应用单数。 如：This pair of trousers is made in Hangzhou. 三、就近原则 这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, either… or …, neither… nor … , not only… but also …等。 例如： Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 不是我，就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任。 Neither his family nor he knows anything about it. 他全家人和他都不知道那件事。 常见考法 对于主谓一致的考查，通常会以单选的形式出现，多是让我们选择合适的谓语动词。 典型例题：The factory, including its machines and buildings, __________ burnt last night. A. is B. are C. were D. was 解析：but, except, besides, with, together with, along with, including, as well as, rather than, like等词连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致，本题中就是和The factory保持一致。而这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单，复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。 答案：D 误区提醒 主谓一致这一知识点比较琐碎，在运用中常会因为考虑不全面而出错，所以我们必须把每一种用法记住，灵活运用。尤其要注意就近原则、集体名词和百分数，分数短语作主语的情况。 典型例题：Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 解析：本题考查的是就近原则。either… or …, neither… nor … , not only… but also …连接两个主语时，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。本题中就是和Steven保持一致。有now.可知是现在进行时，排除A和C. 答案：B希望对你有帮助，满意请采纳
I.单数主语：
1.当 every-, some-, any-, no- 等构成的不定代词及 each, either, neither 作主语时，谓语动词为单数。
● Someone has told me about it.
● Neither of us likes the film.
2.当 every 或 each 位于两个由连接词连接的单数主语前，谓语动词用单数。(必记之要点!)
● Each girl and boy has a nickname.
● Every man and woman is welcome.
3.位于主谓之间的介词短语不影响谓语动词的数，谓语动词须和主语一致。常见介词短语有：in addition to, together with, as well as, along with, but, except, etc.
(这是一几乎所有考试都不愿放过的重点。)
● The teacher along with his students is going to the party.
● His parents as well as his elder sister have come to see him.
II.复数主语：
1.当主语由 and 或 both ... and 连接，通常采用复数谓语动词。
● Both the girl and the boy are his friends.
2.如主语是both, few或主语前有both, few, several, many 等限定词时，谓语动词须用复数。
● Several novels have been written by her.
● Both got the news at the same time.
3.下列名词总是复数形式且谓语动词必须用复数。
trousers, pants, jeans, glasses, scissors, tweezers, plier, scales , compasses, etc.
● The trousers here are mine.
别忘了：如果以上名词受 “a pair of” “the pair of”修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
The pair of pants is too dirty.
III.单、复数的灵活运用：
1.当主语由 neither... nor, either... or, not only ... but also 或 or 连接时，谓语动词与nor, or, but also后面的词一致，在英语语法中，这被称之为“就近原则”。
● Neither he nor I am going to the airport.
● Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.
2.当主语前面有 none, all, some, any, most, half, majority等词时，谓语动词则根据主语的具体情况而采用相应的单、复数。
● All of the money has been in the bank. (money 是不可数名词)
● All of us have been here.
3.“a number of”是复数，修饰可数名词，谓语动词为复数，“the number of”也修饰复数名词，但谓语动词用单数。(黄金要点!!)
● A number of students have passed the exam.
● The number of students in this class is 50.
IV. 用作单数的复数形式主语：
1.如主语是指：time, money, weight, volume, etc. 虽为复数形式，但谓语用单数形式。
● Two years is a short time.
● One hundred dollars is needed by me.
2.下列单词如：physics，economics，mathematics，statistics，etc;measles，mumps，herpes，etc，news，ethics，politics，etc. 为复数形式，但谓语动词用单数。
● Statistics is a dull subject.
● Politics is important.
3.书、报、杂志、电影的名称作主语，谓动用作单数。
● The New York Times is a good newspaper.
V.下列名词在形式上保持不变，但谓语动词的数取决于其意义：
，team，class，committee，group，audience，faculty，etc.
● The family is big.(总体)
● His family like to watch TV.(家庭所有成员)
，series，etc.
● The species is rare.
● These species are common.
，deer，etc.
● The sheep are eating grass.
● The sheep is big.
VI. Chinese, English, French, etc 指语言时，谓动是单数，如与 "the" 搭配，指人民时，谓语动词用复数。
English is used widely.
The English love peace.
VII. 注意下列外来语的单复数形：
单数 复数
basis bases
crisis crises
criterion criteria
phenomenon phenomena
radius radii
alumnus alumni
datum data
medium media
index indices
appendix appendices
alga algae
vita vitae
测试精编
1. Students today are writing ________ of poetry.
A. a great many lines B. quantities of lines C. lots lines D. a large number
2. The bookstore had not ordered ________ texts for all the students in the course.
A. plenty of B. enough
C. as many D. enough of
3. — What did you see? — We saw ________ police there.
A. many B. much C. little D. the
4. — Do you want to wait? — Two weeks ________ too long for me to wait.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
5. There they were greeted by a woman called Zenobia, ________.
A. being a beautiful woman of wealth and position
B. who is beautiful woman of wealth and position
C. a beautiful woman of wealth and position
D. and a beautiful woman of wealth and position
KEYS
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C
高二英语知识点主谓一致
一个人的知识面是一个圆圈，知识储备越多，圆圈越大，接触到的面积便越广阔，便能掌握和窥视更多的机会。下面我给大家分享一些外研社高中必修三英语知识，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读!
外研社高中必修三英语知识1
重点 短语 ：
1. be equal to sth. 等于…, 与…相等
2. lay stress on sth. 强调某事
put stress on sth.
place stress on sth.
3. have an influence on/upon sth. 对某事有影响
influence sb. to do sth. 影响某人做某事
4. bring up 养育, 教育 ;提出(话题等);呕吐
bring down 使倒下,消减
bring back 恢复,使想起
bring in 收(庄稼);引进
5. It is/was a time when… 那是一个…的时期
6. be at war with.. 与…..交战
7. follow/take one\'s advice 采纳某人的建议
8. travel from state to state 周游列国
9. as a result 结果
10. live a … life 过…..的生活
lead a … life
11. be born good 人之初,性本善
12. in some ways 在某些方面
13. The reason why … is that … …的理由是…
The reason for sth. is that … 某事的理由是…
14. a sense of responsibility 责任感
There is no sense in doing sth 做某事不明智/没意义
make sense 有意义,讲的通
make sense of 懂,理解
15. make contributions to … 捐赠;做出贡献
16. argue with sb about/over sth 就某事与某人争论
argue for 据理力争
argue against 反对
17. in good condition 状况良好,保存的好
in poor condition 状况不佳,破烂不堪
on one condition 有一个条件
on condition that 如果,条件是,只要 (后接从句)
on no condition 决不
18. in conclusion 最后，总之
reach a conclusion 得出结论
arrive at a conclusion
draw a conclusion
come to conclusion
19. for the first time 第一次,首次
no faster than 和…一样不快
= as slowly as
语法要求：
一：限制性定语从句：用来修饰某个名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。
引导定语从句的关系代词：that，which，who, whom, whose, as
关系副词：when, where, how, why
注意：1. 介词放在关系代词前面时，介词宾语只能用which代物，用whom代人。
2. 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中担任介词宾语而介词在句尾时，关系
代词可省略。3. 有时为了行文需要，定语从句中的关系代词和部分谓语动词可省略。
外研社高中必修三英语知识2
重点短语：
1. masses of/a mass of 许多,大量
the masses 群众,平民
in the mass 大体而论,总体上
2. a weather forecast 天气预报
3. give/make a forecast 预言,预报
= give/make forecasts
4. cut out 剪除;切掉;割掉
cut up 切碎;使伤心
cut of 切断;停掉;隔绝
cut in 插嘴
cut down 砍掉;消减,降低
5. be caught in 被困在(风、雨、雪……)中
6. catch up with 赶上;跟上
catch hold of 抓住,握住
catch sight of 看见
7. prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
=stop sb.(from) doing sth.. =keep sb from doing sth..
8. so + 形容词或副词 + that… 如此…以致于…
so + 形容词 + a(n) + 单数可数名次词 + that… so + many/few + 复数的可数名词 + that…
so + much/little (少的) + 不可数名词 + that… 比较：such + (adj.) +名词+ that… 如此…以致于 9. dig up 挖出
10. be/get caught in 突然遭到(风暴等)
11. wake up 认识到、意识到
12. advise do sth 建议某人做某事
13. one after another 一个接一个
14. be concerned for/about/over …
对……关心,担心,忧虑
be concerned with/in 与…有关
as far as concerned 就某事而言
15. complain to sb 向某人诉苦/发牢骚
complain about/of sth 抱怨某事
16. take in 吸入(空气);欺;体会;收容
take away 带走
take off 脱下,拿掉,起飞
take on 承担
take up 举起,开始做;占据
17. give out 分发;发出(气味、热气);发明;用尽
give up 放弃
give in 屈服;让步,投降
give off 送出;发出(光等)
give away 赠送;放弃;泄漏;出卖
18. in a nutshell 简言之,概括地讲
in a word 总之,一句话
in brief 简言之
in short 长话短说,概括起来说
19. if possible 如果可能
if any 如果有的话
if necessary 如果需要的话
if so 如果是这样的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
if not 不这样的话
外研社高中必修三英语知识3
重要短语:
experienced in/at 在…方面有 经验
to sb. 某事被某人想起
it occurs to sb. + that-clause 某人突然想到…
it occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想到做某事
good idea suddenly struck me.
我忽然想到一个好主意
strike sb.+介词+the +具体部位 打某人的某个部位
eg. strike him on the back 打某人的背
hit sb in the face 打某人的脸
pat sb on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀
be struck by 被…所打动，被…迷住
oneself in sth. 埋头于、专心致志于某事物
be buried in 埋头于，专心致志于
up 拿起，捡起，卷起，收听，接(人)
up 到达或来到某处
up with sth. 以某事作为结束
end up doing sth. 以做某事为结束
come to an end 结束，完结
the time 到…的时候(常与完成时连用)
9. on the same latitude 在同一纬度
to 指代，参考
average 平均
all time 人类历史上，有史以来
ruins 严重受损，破败不堪
fall into ruin 已成废墟
bring sb. to ruin 毁灭某人
sb. (not)to do sth. 警告某人(不)干某事
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人当心某事
all 完全，究竟，全然，竟然
not at all 一点也不，根本不，别客气
after all 毕竟，终究，归根到底，别忘了
above all 最重要的是，首先，尤其是，特别是
first of all 首先
sth. 看见某人干了某事
see sth. 看见某人正在干某事
重要句型:
①By the time…did…, sb. had done sth.
By the time…do/does…, sb. will have done sth.
②There was the possibility of… It is possible that…
外研社高中必修三英语知识4
重要短语：
a high/low income 高/低收入
tax (个人)所得税
the development of 随着…的发展
under development 在发展中
measures to do sth. 采取 措施 做某事
make …to one’s (own)measure 按某人的尺寸制作
out 理解
to 直到…， 到…为止，多达
up to=be fit for 胜任，适合于
up to=be busy(in)doing sth. 正在做…，从事于
.it’s up to sb. to do sth . 由某人决定做某事
to the plan (suggestion ,proposal…) 同意
(建议，安排)
agree with sb. 同意某人的观点或看法，适合
agree on/upon sth 双方在某件事情上达成协议
并取得一致意见
efforts to do sth. 努力做某事
=make every effort to do sth.
=make an effort to do sth.
make an effort 尽力
spare no effort 不遗余力
with/without effort 费力地/毫不费力地
progress 进步
examples of 举…的列子
sure 确保，查明
out 理解，弄明白
similar to sb/sth. 与…相似
be similar in 在某方 面相 似
similarly 同样地，类似地
sth. among /between sb. 将某物分配给某人
share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物
share (in)sth. 共享
close to 靠近，近，接近，即将发生
a result of 由于
as a result 结果
result in 导致
result from 由…引起
of+抽象名词=be+该名词的同根形容词
eg. His advice is of value to us. = valuable
This dictionary is of great use. =useful
What he said is of importance for you. = important
外研社高中必修三英语知识5
重要短语：
house faces to the south 这个房子朝南
=The house faces towards the south。
= The house faces south.
2. be faced with 面临，面对
in the face of 面对, 在… 面前
face to face 面对面
3 get into a difficult situation 陷入困难的状况
get out of a difficult situation 摆脱困难的状况
save the situation 挽回局势
4. be located in=lie in 坐落于
= be situated in
5. off the coast 在(离开海面的)海岸上
along the coast 沿着海岸
on the coast 海岸上
6. work on sth. 从事某事， 做…工作;忙于
work out 设计;制订，安排
get to work 着手于;开始工作
of 因为
thanks to 由于;多亏了
owing to 由于
as a result of 由于……的结果
due to 由于
主语 有，存在
9. two-thirds 三分之二
one-third 三分之一
covered by/with 被…覆盖
famous for 因…而著名
… out of sth. … 由..制成…
since 自那以后
14.(be)opposite to 在…对面，与…相反
just the opposite 恰恰相反
a cool head 保持头脑清醒
one’s head 惊慌失措，失去理智
for 朝着…前进
terms of 根据，从…方面来说，从…的观点
in the long/short term 就长/短期而言
come to terms=make terms 达成协议，和好
bring sb. to terms 使某人接收条件
be on good/bad terms with sb. 与某人交情好/不好
A with/and B 比较A和B
compare…to… 把……比作…..
compared with/to… 与…比较起来，较之…
control over 对…有控制权
Beyond control 无法控制
under control 被控制住
out of control 失去控制
in the control of 由…控制/管理/负责
lose control of 对…失去控制
the one hand… on the other hand 一方面…另一方面
22.表示倍数的四种句型：
1)This bridge is 3 times longer than that one.
这座桥比那座桥长3倍。
2) This bridge is 4 times as long as that one
这座桥是那座桥的4倍长。
3)A is … times the size/length/width/height/depth of B
This room is 3 times the size of that one.
这间房间的大小是那间的3倍。
4) A + v. …times as many/much + n.+ as B
The factory has produced 3 times as many cars as it did last year. 这个厂今年的汽车产量是去年的3倍。
重要句型：
1. It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
one of the +形容词最高级+ 可数名词复数 最.....之一
2. Portugal is to the west of Spain.
①表示位置: A is/lies in/on/to/off the+方向+of B A is located/situated in/on/to/off the+方向+of B
②位置+距离: A is (about)+距离+(to the)+方向+of B in ,on和to表地理方位的区别
(1) 表示A在B的范围内(即A是B的组成部分之一)时用in.
如：our school is in the west of the town.我们学校在城西。
(2) 强调A和B两地接壤时，用on.
如：Korea is on the east of China.朝鲜与中国东部接壤。
(3) A在B的范围之外，两者之间没有所属关系时用to。
如：Our school is to the west of the hospital.我们学校在医院的西面。
3. on the coast和off the coast
on表示“位于河畔或铁路，公路及海岸等沿线上”;off表示“稍离陆地，在沿岸的海里”。
语法要求：
一：一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态
被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词(+by) ”构成。被动语态发生时态变化时只变be的形式，过去分词不变。
现在时被动语态：am/ is/ are + 过去分词 过去时被动语态：was/ were + 过去分词
二：主谓一致：本单元主要强调第二个原则
语法一致原则。 句子 的主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
注意：(1) something, everybody, nobody , either, neither, each等不定代词作主语时，谓语需用单数。
(2) 当主语后面跟有with, together with, as well as, like 等时，谓语动词的单复数形式仍然要与这些词语前面的主语保持一致。
2. 意义一致原则。
一些集合名词，如：family, enemy, class, population, army等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据实际含义而定。当表示整体意义时，用单数;当强调个体成员时，用复数。
3. 邻近性原则。
neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, or连接两个名词或代词作主语时;由there, here引导的句子，并且主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近它的主语保持一致。
外研社高中必修三英语知识点相关 文章 ：
★ 外研社高中英语知识点总结
★ 高中英语必修三知识点总结归纳
★ 高中英语必修三知识点
★ 高中英语必修3重点句子及总结
★ 高中英语必修三第一单元语法总结
★ 高中英语必修三知识点梳理
★ 高二英语必修三必背单词词组
★ 外研社必修三英语短语整理(2)
★ 外研社必修三英语短语整理
虽然客观制定了个人初步 学习计划 ，还存在许多不完善与不足之处，还需要今后根据自己的切实情况，在学习中不断地补充，加以改进、及时地 总结 经验 ，以合格的成绩来完成自己三年的学业。以下是我给大家整理的 高二英语 知识点归纳总结，希望能助你一臂之力!
高二英语知识点归纳总结1
主谓一致
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式 短语 作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数。(最基本的)
2、由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。
3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
4、主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，as well as ，together with ，along with，like 等引导的介词短语时 ，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
注意：主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语，谓语要与主语保持一致。
5、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
6、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数;看作每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。
7、 当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 《纽约时报》
8、 news ，maths，physics ，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数.
9、the +形容词(如the poor ，the rich ，the young， the old ， the dead ，the sick，the brave 等)作主语，谓语动词往往用复数
10、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
11、由连词notbut, or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。
12、There be句型、以here开头的 句子 谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
13、a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式;但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。
14、在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。
注意：在one of +复数名词+ who/that/which引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only， 就用复数形式。
高二英语知识点归纳总结2
of因为……(注意和because 的区别)
if(=even thoug)即使，用来引导让步状语从句
up走上前来，走近，发生，出现 come up with 追上，赶上，提出
with sb和某人交流
different from…与……不同
be different in…在……方面不同
Most of my projects are different in performance.我多数作品的演奏风格都不同。
based on以……为基础
present目前，眼下for the present眼前;暂时
(good/better/full)use of
latter后者 the former前者
large number of大量的 the number of…的数量
as例如
on坚持住，握住不放;(打电话时)等—会
13.…you will hear the difference in the way(that/in which)people speak.
你会听出人们在说话时的差异。
a role/part(in)在…中担任角色;在…中起作用;扮演一个角色
same…as…与……一样
the top of…在…顶上
at the bottom of在……底部
up教养，养育;提出
sb(not)to do sth.要求某人做/不要做某事
satisfied with…对……感到满意，满足于
v.(request，insist…)
I suggested you do what he says.我建议你按照他说的去做。
I suggest you not go tomorrow.我想你明天还是不要去了。
His pale face suggested that he was in bad health.他苍白的脸色暗示了他身体不好。
注意：insist 意思为“坚持要求”时后面的that从句用虚拟语气;如果insist 意为“强调，坚持认为”的时候，从句可以用任何所需要的时态。例如：She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她坚持认为她没撒谎。
to…按照…根据…
高二英语知识点归纳总结3
1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。
NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.
Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.
当Notuntil引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意如否定词不在句首不倒装。
Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.
典型例题
1)WhycantIsmokehere?
Atnotime___inthemeeting-room
答案A.这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。本题的正常语序是
Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.
2)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.
答案D.看到Notuntil…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
以否定词开头作部分倒装
如Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…than
Not only did here fuse thegi ft,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came tovisither.
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★ 高二英语知识点总结汇总
★ 高二英语知识点总结
★ 高二英语必背知识点重点归纳
★ 高中英语语法知识点整理总结
★ 高二英语知识点
★ 高二英语语法知识点总结
★ 高二英语的语法知识点的总结介绍
★ 高二英语必背知识点重点归纳(2)
★ 高中英语知识点总结大全
1.高二英语必修五知识点总结
pleasant, pleasing, pleased
(1) pleasant 可作定语和表语。修饰事物，不能修饰人。因此句子的主语只能是表示事物的词语，而不能是人。意思是“令人愉快的，令人高兴的”。
I hope you'll have a pleasant holiday.
我希望你能过一个愉快的假期。
(2) pleasing “令人高兴的，令人愉快的”，表示宁静、满意、令人满足之意。侧重于表示接受对象的情感，传递主观感受。比 pleasant 稍弱。主语可为人或事物。
An actor should have a pleasing personality.
表演者应当具有一种令人愉快的个性。
(3) pleased “高兴的，感到满意的”含义与glad基本相同。作表语时，句子的主语只能是“人”，而不能是表示事物的词语。be pleased with 表示“对……表示满 意”之意。
She had a pleased look on his face.
她脸上露出了满意的表情。
2.高二英语必修五知识点总结
主谓一致
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数。(最基本的)
2、由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。
3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
4、主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ，as well as ，together with ，along with，like 等引导的介词短语时 ，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
注意：主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语，谓语要与主语保持一致。
5、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
6、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数;看作每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。
7、 当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 《纽约时报》
8、 news ，maths，physics ，politics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数.
9、“the +形容词”(如the poor ，the rich ，the young， the old ， the dead ，the sick，the brave 等)作主语，谓语动词往往用复数
10、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
11、由连词not……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。(这个就是就近原则)
12、There be句型、以here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
13、a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式;但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。
14、在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。
注意：在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only， 就用复数形式。
3.高二英语必修五知识点总结
用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is +名词+that从句
It is a fact that … 事实是……
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) it is +形容词+that从句
It is natural that… 很自然……
It is strange that… 奇怪的是……
(3) it +不及物动词+that从句
It seems that… 似乎……
It happened that… 碰巧……
(4) it is+过去分词+that从句
It is reported that… 据报道……
It has been proved that… 已证实……
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not..
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?
What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that 则不然。例如：
What you said yesterday is right.
4.高二英语必修五知识点总结
of 因为…… (注意和because 的区别)
2. even if (= even thoug)即使，用来引导让步状语从句
3. come up 走上前来，走近，发生，出现 come up with 追上，赶上，提出
4. communicate with sb 和某人交流
5. be different from… 与……不同
be different in … 在……方面不同
Most of my projects are different in performance.
我多数作品的演奏风格都不同。
6. be based on 以……为基础
7. at present 目前，眼下 for the present眼前;暂时
8. make (good/better/full)use of
9. the latter后者 the former 前者
10. a large number of 大量的 the number of …的数量
11. such as 例如
12. hold on 坚持住，握住不放;(打电话时)等—会
13. … you will hear the difference in the way(that/ in which) people speak.
你会听出人们在说话时的差异。
14. play a role/ part (in) 在…中担任角色;在…中起作用;扮演一个角色
15. the same …as… 与……一样
16. at the top of…在…顶上
at the bottom of 在……底部
17. bring up 教养，养育;提出
18. request sb (not) to do sth. 要求某人做/不要做某事
19. be satisfied with…对……感到满意，满足于
20. suggest v. (request，insist…)
I suggested you do what he says. 我建议你按照他说的去做。
I suggest you not go tomorrow. 我想你明天还是不要去了。
5.高二英语必修五知识点总结
1 if not 如果不…. If so 如果这样
oneself sth自认为是…
considered sb sth 认为某人是…
then 从那时起
for a way to do sth寻找做…的途径
to 幸亏，由于，因为
…of… 摆脱，除去 get rid of 除去…
7. be satisfied with对…感到满意
rather 宁愿，宁可
the hope of 满怀希望..
r build up 逐渐增强，建立，开发
damage to对… 造成危害。
up增强/强大
13. lead to导致/造成
14. focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
15. keep…from/of使…免受(影响/伤害等)
高考英语主谓一致知识点
《高中英语语法-主谓一致》由留学我整理。本内容整理时间为05月12日，如有任何问题请联系我们。 主谓一致 语法复习二、主谓一致 在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。 (一)语法一致原则:语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. 2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers. 注意:① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如:The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it. 3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter. 注意:① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有"of+复数名词(或代词)"作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America. 5、在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意:people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child. 7、由"a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词"构成的短语以及由"分数或百分数+名词"构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls. 注意: a number of"许多",作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of"…的数量",主语是number,谓语用单数。 8、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts. (二)逻辑意义一致原则:逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。 1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。如:Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing. 2、表示"时间、重量、长度、价值"等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式, 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体,如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如: "The Arabian Nights"is an interesting story-book. 4、表数量的短语"one and a half"后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数。如:One and a half apples is (are) left on the table. 5、算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。如:Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 6、一些学科名词是以 -ics 结尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn't easy to study. 7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8、"定冠词the + 形容词或分词",表示某一类人时,动词用复数。 (三)就近一致原则:在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 1、当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如:Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right? 2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room.. 注意:Here引导的句子用法同上。 练习:主谓一致 , who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English. 2. The rich ____ not always happy. 3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students. 4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China. A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study 5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home. 6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters., ;are ;am ;are ;is 7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party. like 8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants. C. would be 9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world. 10. Every means ____ tried but without any result. A. have been to be to be D. has been 11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule. A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished 12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon. being 13. The great writer and professor____. A. is an old man B. are both old men C. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese 14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk. 15. A large number of students in our class____ girls. A. are B. was C. is D. be 16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are. A. doesn' t change 't change 17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English. A. is B. are C. was D. were 18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published. A. has been been 19. A chemical works____ built there. A. is to being been C. were to been 20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years. ;four ;four ;five ;five 21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world. is the only one of die students who ____ elected. A. are is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked. C. have been been a man ____ come to help us. 25."All____ present and all____ going on well," our monitor said. ;is ;are ;is ;are 26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre. A. is searching for B. were searching for C. are searching for D. were searching trousers____ must have____ washed. ;il ;it ;them ;them pair of trouseis ____ too long for him. 29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table. 30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four. 31 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call. the money____ nm out. A. Three-fifth; has B. Three-fifth; has been C. Three-fifths; has D. Three-fifths; have 33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively. A. are listening to B. is listening to listening D. is listening have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult. 35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building. C. standing 36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation. A. is needed B. has -needed C. are needed D. need 37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all. A. is we need____ good textbooks. 39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing. something to at B. has something to do with something to do with been something to do with 40. More than one member ____ against the plan. A. is 41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet. A. has not decided B. is not decided C. are not decided D. have not decided 42. Half of the fruit ____ bad. A. are B. has C. is D. have 43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently? A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is 44. Mathematics ____ the language of science. A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be 45. My family ____ small. A. is B. were C. are D. makes 46. The following ____ some other examples. A. are B. is C. was D. were 47. They both have some friends; but his ____ more active. A. is B. will be C. was D. are 48. Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country. A. is B. are C. was D. has 49. Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit. A. are B. is C. were D. was 50. To play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training. A. was B. is C. are D. were 51. Either he or I ____ to attend the mass meeting this evening. A. is B. am C. are D. be 52. ____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening. A. is B. am C. are D. be 53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____ to be built here. A. are B. were C. is D. will 54. She as well as her brother ____ a League member. A. are B. were C. will D. is 55. His family ____ a big one. Now the family ____ watching TV. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 56. It is I who ____ going to attend the meeting tomorrow. A. is B. am C. are D. be 57. More than 60% of the students ____ the countryside. A. is B. are C. is from D. are from 58. Many a man ____ the novel. A. has read B. have read C. is read D. are read 59. Tom is the only one of the students who ____ going to swim this afternoon. A. is B. was C. are D. were 60. Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you. A. are B. is C. was D. were 《高中英语语法-主谓一致》由留学我整理
主谓一致要点归纳 英语中，句子的谓语动词要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。一般来说，主谓一致要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。语法一致原则就是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定；意义一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式决定，即使主语的形式是复数但意义上是单数的话，谓语动词也要用单数形式；就近原则是指谓语动词的形式由靠近它的名词的数决定。 一、以 s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 如果以 s 结尾的名词表示的是学科或国家时，句子的谓语动词要用单数形式。如： Physics is such a difficult subject that I can’t understand it . The United Nations is made up of more than one hundred countries . 2. 有些以 s 结尾的名词表示两个对称部分组成的事物，如 trousers，shoes，glasses，scissors 等，它们单独作主语时谓语动词要用复数，但如果前面有 a / this pair / sort / kind of 等修饰时，则谓语动词要用单数形式。如： My shoes are the gifts from my grand - mother . This kind of shoes is very popular this summer . 3. 有些以 s 结尾的名词如 goods （货物），arms （武器），clothes （衣服），thanks （感谢）等只作复数用，作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。如： All the goods were shipped from America . All the arms you want have been prepared . 4. 一些单复数形式相同的以 s 结尾的名词如 means （方法），works （工厂），headquarters （总部）等作主语时，如果强调单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调复数意义，则谓语用复数形式。 如： All the means have been tried to save the patient . The quickest means of travel is by plane . 二、集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 只能作不可数名词的集体名词如 furniture （家具），machinery （机器），equipment （设备）等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如： The advanced equipment has been offered to the factory . All the furniture in my home is made in Hong Kong . 2. 只能用作复数的集体名词如 people，police，cattle （牲畜）等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如： The working people are brave and great . The police were searching the area for two thieves . 3. 还有一些既可以用作复数又可以用作单数的集体名词，如 team，class，family，club，government，public 等作主语时，如果强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体成员，则谓语动词要用复数形式。如： My family is a happy one . All my family are fond of taking exercise . 三、由 and 连接的两个名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. and 连接的两个名词若表示不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式，若表示同一事物或一个整体，则谓语动词用单数形式。如： The writer and the singer are going to pay a visit to our school . The writer and singer is going to pay a visit to our school . War and peace is always the topic for the people all over the world . 2. 如果 and 连接的两个名词前有 each，every，no 等词修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如： Each girl and each boy has a chance to ask a question . No parent and child was late for the sports meeting . 四、数量词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 表示具体数量的名词词组作主语强调整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，如果强调个体则谓语动词用复数形式。如： Twenty dollars is not enough to buy this book . There are twenty dollars on the desk . 2. “分数 / 百分数 +of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由名词的单复数形式决定。如： Two thirds of the students in this school have been admitted to universities . Two thirds of the water has been polluted in this river . 3. “ all / some / most / none of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词的单复数形式决定，但“ none of+ 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。如： All the leaders were present at the meeting . None of your answers is / are right . 4. “ many a / more than one + 单数名词”作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如： Many a student has passed this difficult exam . 5. “ a number of + 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，而“ the number of + 名词”作主语时谓语用单数。如： A number of boy students are football fans . The number of the students in this school has been increasing these years . 6. “ a / this kind / type / sort 等 + of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但“复数名词 +of +a / this kind / type / sort ”等作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。如： This kind of men is dangerous . Men of this kind are dangerous .
