英语定语从句微课
前者可置句首句中句未,后者只能置句末。前者常翻译成 正如。。。。后者常翻译成。这。。。。
Teaching Aims:(教学目的)
1、初步了解定语从句的概念、结构。
2、初步学习并掌握定语从句的规则,尤其是关系代词『who,which,that以及whose』的用法。
Teaching Points:(教学重点)
1.定语从句三要素及关系词的选用
2.只能that或which的情况;
Teaching Methods:(教学方法)
1、举例讲解,说明定语从句的用法。
2、以讲练结合的方法加深学生印象。
Teaching Steps:(教学步骤)
Step1.导入
一、定语及定语从句的概念:
a beautiful girl a handsome boy a clever child
1、 定语是用来修饰名次或代词的。
This is the boy who is clever.
2、定语从句(Attributive Clauses)定义:在主从复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句 定语从句的特点:
定语从句
的引导词关系代词where (地点状语)关系副词
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
Step2:详细讲解定语从句语法知识
1、who和whom指人,在从句中分别做主语和宾语,做宾语时可被省略。
the handsome
the tall
the strong boy The boy is Tom.
the clever
the naughty
The boy is Tom.
2、which指物,在从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时可被省略。
3、that既可指人也可指物,在从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时可被省略。
4、whose作定语,用来表示先行词和从句主语之间的所属关系。
Step3 定语从句考查重点:
定语从句在下列情况下只能用that,而不能用which指物。(指人时可以用who/whom)
1. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:
2. 当先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等代词时,或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等代词修饰时。如:
3. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:
4. 当先行词被表示“正是”的the very, the only修饰时。如:
5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如:
6. 当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。如:
Step 4 Summary:(小结) 注意 关系词的实质:
Step 5 Practices(homework):
Part 1.结合课文例句,找出先行词和关系词
1. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, went to bed as usual that nigh.
2. It was heard in Beijing, which is one hundred kilometers away.
3. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
4. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
5. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
6. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
Part2 名言名句欣赏
1. He laughs best who laughs last.
2. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.
3. He that gains time gains all things.
4. He who nothing questions, nothing learns.
5. He that cannot ask cannot live.
6. A friend is someone who knows all about you and still loves you.
7. God helps those who help themselves.
8. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man
9. He who does not advance loses ground.
Part3 practice
1. Do you know the girl _____ is talking with your mother?
A. who B. which C. whose D. /
2. This is the kite _______ Billy Fisher gave to Tom
A. who B. which C. / D. Both B and C
3. He was the only one ______ was saved in the earthquake.
A. who B. that C. which D. A and B
4. This is the only present _____ I like.
A. who B. that C. which D. B and C
5. This is the most beautiful place ______ I have ever seen.
A. which B. who C. where D. /
6. All _______ I can do is to give him some money.
A. that B. which C. who D. what
7. Is there anything else _____ you need?
A. which B. that C. who D. what
8. The museum _____ we visited last week isn’t far from here.
A. where B. which C. what D. who
9. Most of the people ____ lost their lives in the earthquake are Sichuan natives.
A. when B. who C. how D. which
10. The boy ____ you saw just now is Tom’s brother.
A. which B. whose C. when D. /
11. The bike and its rider _____ had run over an old woman were helped up by the policeman.
A. which B. that C. it D. whom
12. Is this the factory _____ you worked five years ago?
A. in which B. in where C. in that D. that
二、用适当的关系代词填空
1. Do you like the present _______ I bought you yesterday?
2. The storybook _______ was written by his uncle is quite interesting.
3. The boy _______ computer doesn’t work well needs your help.
4. This is the best movie _______ we have seen this year.
5. The doctor _______ we met in the street is from America.
6. The passengers and the suitcases _____ were in the waiting room had to wait for another plane.
7. Who is the girl _______ you want to make friends with?
8. This is the last lesson _______ Mr. Smith taught us.
9. I, _____ am your friend, will help you out.
10. The building ___________ wall is white is my uncle’s house.
11. The boy _______ John spoke with is my brother.
12. Will you please lend me the very picture _________ you bought yesterday?
13. The students ________ the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor.
14. The season _________ comes after spring is summer.
15. This is the first museum __________ we visited last Saturday.
16. The girl ________ leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to the hospital.
17. I found some photos of interesting places _________ were not far away from our city.
18. There is a boy downstairs _________ want to see you.
19. The river ________ banks are covered with trees is very long.
20. I’m going to meet Tom ______ they say is a good boy.
一、所需课件: 一课时
学习内容:定语从句中关系代词who, whom ,which ,that ,as的用法。
定语从句是一个很重要的语法项目,为以后的英语学习打下坚定的基础,也是初高考出现频率较高的考点。
二.教学目标分析
知识与目标分析
知识与技能目标:帮助学生掌握关系代词who, whom, which, that, as 的用法,丰富学生的语法知识,形成独立的学习能力,能够运用这些知识去解决定语从句的习题。
过程与方法目标:让学生主动参与感知——积累——理解关系代词的过程,让学生学会关系代词的用法,学会探究解决问题。
情感态度价值观目标:让学生体验到学习定语从句的乐趣。
三.学习者特征分析
初中生刚刚接触与从句,对句子结构认识不够清楚,但是这部分内容很重要,有助于学生完善整个英语语法知识结构。
四.教学策略选择与设计
本课题主要采用启发式教学策略,合作学习,探究学习的策略,在教学中,创设问题情景,以小组为单位进行讨论,合作学习,得出结论。
五.教学资源与工具设计
多媒体教室 计算机 PPT课件
六、教学过程
第一步:复习(检查作业)
第二步:导入
Marry is a beautiful girl.
Marry is a girl who has long hair.
……(讨论句子特征 )
老师总结:什么是定语从句,先行词,引出定语从句由关系代词,关系副词来引导。
第三步:介绍引导定语从句的关系代词。
第四步:详细介绍这些关系代词的用法。
第五步:习题(加深印象)
第六步:课后总结
第七步:布置作业
七、教学评价设计
创建量规,向学生展示他们将被如何评价(来自教师和小组其他成员的评价)。另外,可以创建一个自我评价表,这样学生可以用它对自己的学习进行评价。
八、帮助和总结
教师以启发诱导的方式向学生提供帮助和指导,针对不同的'学习间断的学生采取不同的`帮助和指导,之处不同水平的要求,给予不同的帮助。对于学习能力强的可以以暗示的方式进行指示,对学习能力差的学生可以通过逐步深入的方式进行讨论。
在学习结束后,对学生的学习做出简单的总结,可以布置一些练习题,以强化学习效果。
【拓展内容】
定语从句关系分类
关系从句有限制性关系从句(英语:restrictive relative clause或defining relative clause)和非限制性关系从句(英语:non-restrictive relative clause)之分。限制性关系从句起限定作用,修饰特定的名词或名词短语;而非限制性关系从句只起补充说明某种信息的作用。
例如:The government which promises to cut taxes will be popular.(限制性关系从句,指任何一个减税的政府)
The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular. (非限制性关系从句,补充说明(现任的)政府的情况)
There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury. (限制性关系从句,指逃出来的乘客大多受了伤)
There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury. (非限制性关系从句,指游客人数本来就很少,这些游客都逃了出来且没有受伤)
限制性关系从句
从语义上看,限制性关系从句主要起限定作用,修饰特定的人或事物,如果去掉限制性定语从句,整个句子表意会不完整甚至不通顺;从结构上看,限制性关系从句常紧跟先行词,并且同先行词之间一般不加逗号分隔(但不是绝对的)。
限制性关系从句的关系词包括:that, which, who, whom, whose, as, than等。
非限制性关系从句
从语义上看,非限制性关系从句主要起补充说明的作用,有时相当于一个并列分句或状语从句,可以表达原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等意义。
例如:Dr Lee, who had read through the instructions carefully before doing his experiments, did not obtain satisfactory results. (非限制性关系从句表示让步的意义,相当于though Dr Lee had read through the instructions...)
非限制性定语从句的关系词包括:which, who, whom, whose, as等,另外that在非限制性关系从句中并非绝对不可使用。
关系选择
关系词包括关系代词(英语:relative pronoun)、关系副词(英语:relative adverb)和关系限定词(英语:relative determiner)。关系词的选择主要涉及以下因素:
1.先行词是人还是事物;
2.关系词在关系从句中的句法功能;
3.关系从句是限制性的还是非限制性的;
4.是口语还是书面语。
特殊的关系从句
名词性关系从句
名词性关系从句(英语:nominal relative clause)又叫自由关系从句(英语:free relative clause),名词性关系从句在结构上不含有先行词,它的关系词同时扮演了关系词和先行词的角色,因此名词性关系从句的关系词又叫缩合连接代词。例如:
I like what I see.(“what I see”是名词性关系从句,它没有先行词,与此同时缩合连接代词“what”又直接充当了“like”的宾语。)
缩合连接代词“what”可以根据语义解释为“the thing(s) that”或“the person(s) that”。
嵌入式关系从句
嵌入式关系从句(英语:embedded relative clause)是一种较复杂的关系从句,它既是先行词的后置定语,又是另一结构的宾语。
例如:She has an adopted child who she says was an orphan. (关系从句修饰“an adopted child",同时又是“she says”的宾语)
双重关系从句
双重关系从句(英语:double relative clause)是指两个关系从句修饰同一个先行词的语法现象。
例如:You can easily find us;just look for a house whose windows need washing and whose fence needs repairing!
你先看这个,其他的我在给你补充,我自己空间写的
由as,which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that.
区别:
1、as可位于主句的前、中(做插入成分)、后,译为“正如”.
which只能在主句中、后,一般不译.
As we all know ,he never smokes .
正如我们所知,他从不吸烟.
2、如果从句是否定句,则只能用“which”引导.
3、非限定性定语从句中出现expect ,think ,suppose 等表示猜测、想象、预料等时,只能用as
She succeeded in her doing the research work ,as we expected .
4、固定搭配:such/the same+as
典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss,___came as a surprise.
A.it B.that C.which D.he
答案C.此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he
都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接.况且选he句意不通.
2)The weather turned out to be very good,___ was more than we could
expect.
A.what B.which C.that D.it
答案B.which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可.That
不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通.
3)It rained hard yesterday,____ prevented me from going to the park..
A.that B.which C.as D.it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语.但不同之处主要有两点:
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可.
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which..
在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B.
As 的用法
例1.the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构,和……一样…….
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2.as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'.
As we know,smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know,smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词.例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式.
九年级英语定语从句微课视频
一.定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等; 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。二.关系代词引导的定语从句指人,在从句中做主语 (1) the boys who are playing football are from class one. (2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his . whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。 (1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see. 注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。 (3) the man who/whom you met just now is my . which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 (1) football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) this is the pen (which) he bought . that指人时,相当于who 或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。 (5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning?5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语 (1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen 指物时,常用以下结构来代替 (3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow?三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) the school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) we'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) we'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意:1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等 (1) this is the watch which/that i am looking for. (t) (2) this is the watch for which i am looking. (f)2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose (1) the man with whom you talked is my friend. (t) (2) the man who/that you talked with is my friend. (f) (3) the plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable. (t) (4) the plane in that we flew in to canada is very comfortable. (f) 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 (1) he loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (2) in the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. (3) there are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.解答"介词+关系代词 "类型的定语从句题时,关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形,并要灵活运用。例如:in the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for . that b. who c. from whom d. to whom简析:本题定语从句中的turn 与介词 to 构成固定短语"turn to sb. for help (向某人求助)"。所以,d是正确选项。四.关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语 (1) i still remember the day when i first came to the school. (2) the time when we got together finally . where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语 (1) shanghai is the city where i was born. (2) the house where i lived ten years ago has been pulled . why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) i don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) the reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) from the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (3) great changes have taken place in the city in which/where i was born. 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如: there are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 beijing is the place where (in which) i was born. 北京是我的出生地。 is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句举例: (1) the teacher told me that tom was the only person that i could depend on. (2) china is a country which has a long history. 非限制性定语从句举例: (1) his mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) china, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同 (1) his brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥) (2) his brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)难点分析 (一)限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况 1.当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时 (1) have you taken down everything that mr. li has said? (2) there seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. (3) all that can be done has been done. (4) there is little that i can do for you.注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who (4) any man that/.who has a sense of duty won't do such a . 当先行词被序数词修饰 (1) the first place that they visited in london was the big . 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 (1) this is the best film that i have . 当形容词被the very, the only修饰时 (1) this is the very dictionary that i want to buy, (2) after the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who (3) wang hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 (1) who is the man that is standing there? (2) which is the t-shirt that fits me most?6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时 (1) can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? (二)关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句 as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是:1.as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。(1) he married her, as/which was natural.(2) he was honest, as/which we can . as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思 (1) as is known to all, china is a developing country. (2) he is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) john, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) he has been to paris more than several times, which i don't believe. 注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which (5) tom was always late for school, which made his teacher . 当先行次受such, the same修饰时,常用as (1) i have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) he is not such a fool as he looks. (3) this is the same book as i lost last week.注意:当先行次由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as 所引导的定语从句意思不同 (4) she wore the same dress that she wore at mary's wedding. 她穿着她在mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 (5) she wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。(三)以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导,而且通常可以省略。 (1) the way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
这里有爱尚英语NiCK老师的中级语法课程链接
网页链接
一.概述
课题来源:初三英语
所需课件:一课时
学习内容:定语从句中关系代词who, whom ,which ,that ,as的用法。
定语从句是一个很重要的语法项目,为以后的英语学习打下坚定的基础,也是初高考出现频率较高的考点。
二.教学目标分析
知识与目标分析
知识与技能目标:帮助学生掌握关系代词who, whom, which, that, as 的用法,丰富学生的语法知识,形成独立的学习能力,能够运用这些知识去解决定语从句的习题。
过程与方法目标:让学生主动参与感知——积累——理解关系代词的过程,让学生学会关系代词的用法,学会探究解决问题。
情感态度价值观目标:让学生体验到学习定语从句的乐趣。
三.学习者特征分析
初中生刚刚接触与从句,对句子结构认识不够清楚,但是这部分内容很重要,有助于学生完善整个英语语法知识结构。
四.教学策略选择与设计
本课题主要采用启发式教学策略,合作学习,探究学习的策略,在教学中,创设问题情景,以小组为单位进行讨论,合作学习,得出结论。
五.教学资源与工具设计
多媒体教室 计算机 PPT课件
六、教学过程
第一步:复习(检查作业)
第二步:导入
Marry is a beautiful girl.
Marry is a girl who has long hair.
……(讨论句子特征 )
老师总结:什么是定语从句,先行词,引出定语从句由关系代词,关系副词来引导。
第三步:介绍引导定语从句的关系代词。
第四步:详细介绍这些关系代词的用法。
第五步:习题(加深印象)
第六步:课后总结
第七步:布置作业
七、教学评价设计
创建量规,向学生展示他们将被如何评价(来自教师和小组其他成员的评价)。另外,可以创建一个自我评价表,这样学生可以用它对自己的学习进行评价。
八、帮助和总结
教师以启发诱导的方式向学生提供帮助和指导,针对不同的学习间断的学生采取不同的`帮助和指导,之处不同水平的要求,给予不同的帮助。对于学习能力强的可以以暗示的方式进行指示,对学习能力差的学生可以通过逐步深入的方式进行讨论。
在学习结束后,对学生的学习做出简单的总结,可以布置一些练习题,以强化学习效果。
我就是nick,购买我的教材,可以得到中级语法所有的高清视频。
定语从句英语从句
定语从句概念
被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它需要放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。定语从句一般由关系代词来引导。关系代词必须放在定语从句之首。定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的.名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
定语的理解
定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用的表示。主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) You must do everything that I do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分.
限定性定语从句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作不及物动词+介词的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间time一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
英语定语从句课件
首先要清楚的了解句子的成分,即在句子中什么是主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等,举个例子:we are Chinese,we是主语,are是表语,Chinese是宾语。这是简单的句子,主语表语宾语都是只有一个词,而所谓的从句就是句子的某个成分由短语或句子构成,这个短语或句子在句子中属于什么成分,它就是什么从句,举个例子:That light travels in straight lines is known to all (众所周知,光沿直线运动)That light travels in straight lines在句子中做主语,所以这个句子是主语从句。(我是这样理解的)从句有名词性从句、形容词性从句、副词性从句(我就学过这三种)。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。形容词性从句即定语从句。副词性从句即状语从句。个人觉得只要弄清句子成分就可以很好判断出从句类型。
一.概述
课题来源:初三英语
所需课件:一课时
学习内容:定语从句中关系代词who, whom ,which ,that ,as的用法。
定语从句是一个很重要的语法项目,为以后的英语学习打下坚定的基础,也是初高考出现频率较高的考点。
二.教学目标分析
知识与目标分析
知识与技能目标:帮助学生掌握关系代词who, whom, which, that, as 的用法,丰富学生的语法知识,形成独立的学习能力,能够运用这些知识去解决定语从句的习题。
过程与方法目标:让学生主动参与感知——积累——理解关系代词的过程,让学生学会关系代词的用法,学会探究解决问题。
情感态度价值观目标:让学生体验到学习定语从句的乐趣。
三.学习者特征分析
初中生刚刚接触与从句,对句子结构认识不够清楚,但是这部分内容很重要,有助于学生完善整个英语语法知识结构。
四.教学策略选择与设计
本课题主要采用启发式教学策略,合作学习,探究学习的策略,在教学中,创设问题情景,以小组为单位进行讨论,合作学习,得出结论。
五.教学资源与工具设计
多媒体教室 计算机 PPT课件
六、教学过程
第一步:复习(检查作业)
第二步:导入
Marry is a beautiful girl.
Marry is a girl who has long hair.
……(讨论句子特征 )
老师总结:什么是定语从句,先行词,引出定语从句由关系代词,关系副词来引导。
第三步:介绍引导定语从句的关系代词。
第四步:详细介绍这些关系代词的用法。
第五步:习题(加深印象)
第六步:课后总结
第七步:布置作业
七、教学评价设计
创建量规,向学生展示他们将被如何评价(来自教师和小组其他成员的评价)。另外,可以创建一个自我评价表,这样学生可以用它对自己的学习进行评价。
八、帮助和总结
教师以启发诱导的方式向学生提供帮助和指导,针对不同的学习间断的学生采取不同的`帮助和指导,之处不同水平的要求,给予不同的帮助。对于学习能力强的可以以暗示的方式进行指示,对学习能力差的学生可以通过逐步深入的方式进行讨论。
在学习结束后,对学生的学习做出简单的总结,可以布置一些练习题,以强化学习效果。
英语课定语从句ppt
初中定语从句说课稿
初中有关定语从句的说课稿是怎样的呢?以下是我收集的相关信息,仅供大家阅读参考!
一、教材分析
本堂课是一堂中考复习课,如果从分析教材来讲,本课话题主要是出现在仁爱英语九年级(下)Unit 5之中,主要讲的是让学生认识定语从句,了解定语从句的结构,并能熟练的运用定语从句。但是对于一堂中考复习课来讲,我觉得应当从中考英语对本课话题的难易度要求以及考点的探究入手。从历年的中考真题来看,对于定语从句的考察主要体现在单选题、完型填空和阅读理解中。当然还有就是从作文之中体现出来。而且我们知道,如今的中考英语,更侧重于在语境之中来考察语法和词汇项目,强化对学生语言运用能力的考察。
二、教学目标
根据课程标准和我市中考英语的要求,坚持以学生为本,切实体现素质教育,面向全体学生,立足基础,设置练习注意难易度适中,这堂课是一堂中考复习课,本课设计从英文歌曲导入,在课堂之上,利用简单习题小游戏,设置情景,情景之中学语法,以达到下列教学目标:
知识目标:复习和掌握定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用和功能,能准确选择定语从句所需的关系代词或关系副词。从知识系统的归纳呈现入手,注重学生基础知识的复习巩固;这堂课又是一堂语法复习课本身具有一定的应试成分。
能力目标:能较好地运用定语从句,能正确组织包含定语从句的复合句。注意培养学生运用所学的知识和技能分析、解决问题的能力。
德育目标:培养分析问题解决问题的能力,热爱祖国,关心时政,学会竞争和合作,建立自信心和集体荣誉感。
情感目标:通过学习调动学习积极性,使学生体会到英语的趣味和实用性。激发和培养学生学习英语的兴趣,建立学习英语的成就感和自信心。让他们成为课堂的主角,使学生懂得语法学习无处不在,使学生学在其中,乐在其中,并掌握一些应试技巧。
三、教学重点难点:
提高学生对语法复习的兴趣和积极性,较好地掌握定语从句的用法,理解定语从句,运用知识点解题。
四、教学方法
《新课程标准》要求教师在教学中要以学生为主体,尝试创新思维,联系社会采用讨论、协作、探究、竞争的教学模式,引导学生灵活运用所学语法知识。采用研究性学习方法,寓教于乐。检验一节课成功与否,不是教师讲了多少,而是以学生的学习效果为评价标准。因此我借助多媒体,结合竞赛形式,力求使枯燥的语法生动趣味化;并且考虑学生英语基础的实际情况,教学过程也要体现素质教育的全体性,因此设计任务循序渐进(如按“词→句→文”递进),由浅入深,由易到难,导引学生参与整个学习过程,获得更佳的学习效果及发展智力,提高思维,观察,注意,记忆,想象,联想等能力。
五、教学过程
本堂课主要分为五个步骤:1 创设情景 歌曲导入
2 知识呈现 铺设阶梯
3要点提醒,操练运用
4 直击中考 深入探究
5 课后练习 巩固所学
第一步:创设情景 歌曲导入
我选择了英文歌曲《Lemon Tree》来导入本课的知识,请学生把歌曲最后一句空缺的词填上。I wonder how I wonder why
Yesterday you told me 'bout the blue blue sky
Is just a yellow lemon tree (答案:that, that, that)
根据以上所说的2句I like the song whose name is Lemon Tree very much.?all that I can see is just a yellow lemon tree.请学生分析这两个句子中划线部分所出现的语法现象,由此导入到“定语从句”。 简单但动感的FLASH很符合学生的口味,学习兴趣一下被调动起来。重要的是本歌的歌词中含有定语从句,可以于欢快的节奏中导引学生轻松自然地进入语法话题。
第二步:知识呈现 铺设阶梯
呈现定语从句的定义和结构使学生加深对定语从句的结构和关系代词、关系副词的印象,以便下面的竞赛中更好的发挥。
第三步:要点提醒,操练运用
为了更好的调动学习积极性,加强学生思维能力、协作竞争能力及强化团体荣誉意识。在本环节中,我采取了竞赛形式,把全班分成二大组,看哪方得分高。竞赛内容分为四部分:
第一部分基础语法知识(必答):以抽签的方式选择本组所答的题,所有的题都是有关定语从句的理论知识填空,包括定语从句中的先行词、关联词、关联词的省略以及各个关联词的区别。使学生加深对定语从句的结构和关系代词、关系副词的印象,以便下面的竞赛中更好的发挥。对学生来说完成本项任务轻松、新鲜、又有一定的竞争,学生兴趣又一次被调动。复习基础理论知识,为以下的实际操练做较好的准备,提高准确率。
第二部分合并定语从句。贯彻由易渐难的原则,先从相对简单的题型开练,重点巩固关系代词的选择,并在第一题:The woman is our English teacher. He speaks English very well. →The woman who(that) speaks English very well is our English teacher
中点出另外一个知识点:定语从句中谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。鼓舞士气,提高自信心。
第三部分辨析正误,并说明原因。这部分主要是帮助学生区分关系代词that 和which的不通用的特殊情况。1.2题是帮助学生辨析只能使用that而不使用which的特例。两个题并不能全部体现只能使用that而不使用which的特殊情况,所以在做完1、2题后全班一起总结,帮助他们将知识系统化。3、4题帮助学生区分只能使用which而不使用that的特殊情况。贯彻由易渐难的原则,简单的关系代词会用后,逐渐进入到关联词使用的特殊情况,是学生更全面的掌握定语从句。
第四部分格言英译中(抢答)。有了以上几部分的复习巩固,学生已经掌握了定语从句的`必要知识点,本部分用英文表达几句著名的格言,帮助学生将知识升华。有利于学生知识面的拓展,也为以后写作做积累。
第四步 直击中考 深入探究
本环节中我精选了历年中考真题,少而精,体现难易度,并巩固本课的定语从句,激起学生英语学习的成就感和自信心。
第五步:课后作业,巩固所学
写作在中考中占较大的比重,故平时要多加训练,承上所提奥运话题让学生以感想并结合自身实际写短文,进一步锻炼在实际中运用定语从句的能力。而且本次教学活动关于定语
从句的任务设计理念是按“词→句→文” 循序渐进,所以写作便是前面部分很好的延续和提高了。
六、 课后反思
本堂课由于是公开课,虽然说已经花了大量的时间做了充分的准备,但由于前面的时候有点紧张,本堂课的内容大,以及课时的一些应变做得不够好,尽管说顺利地完成了教学,但是感觉还是没有达到自己预期的效果。比如说平时和学生口语的交流在本节课没有充分的体现出来,互动不够好;速度偏快,没有给学生留下足够的空白时间思考问题;作为重要教学辅助工具的黑板利用不够。从整体上看,本节课将语法复习课揉入情景交际之中,注意语法课的实用性和趣味性的结合,应该说是比较成功的一堂课。日后我将更加注意语法实用性和趣味性的探究,努力上好每种类型的课。谢谢大家!!!
1 教学内容:
2 教材处理: 教材中原来是以音乐为话题开展语言学习的.结合学生的生活实际和兴趣点,设计了"谈论理想中的学校"来替换原有的话题;保留了教材中需要呈现的点:who ,which, that在定语从句中的基本用法以及定语从句的基本概念;将教材中原需要几个课时才能讲解和呈现的语法现象浓缩在一个课时中进行,其他课时则围绕这一语法现象拓展语法学习;教材内容也不再局限于原有教材提供的语言结构和语法现象,而是根据学生的表达需要适当讲解和扩展.
3 教学目标
1 语言知识目标
(1) 了解定语从句的概念和基本用法
(2) 区别并正确使用关系代词who, which, that
(3) 了解关系代词与先行词之间的位置关系
2 能力目标
(1) 能在交际中正确,恰当地使用定语从句.
(2) 能灵活,恰当,适度地表达自己的观点 .
3 情感目标
(1) 激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的探究精神
(2) 增进师生了解,校际了解,增强情感交流
4 教学重点和难点
1 区分which 和who 在定语从句中的基本用法
2 了解如何将定语从句插入主句之中
3 让学习不同教材,有着不同学习水平和学习进度的学生都能理解本节课的授课内容,并 达 到预定的教学目标.
5 教学方式: 任务型教学途径
1 任务主题 : 我理想中的学校
2 任务链 : 师生相识 --- 介绍师生双方所在学校--- 谈论理想中的学校--- 给校长提建议
6 教具
1 学生人手一份表格,文字材料
2 ppt 文件
7 学生情况分析
教学设计
1 设计思路
定语从句并不是初中阶段的重点教学内容.对于初中生来说,这一语法现象比较复杂和概念化,不容易理解和准确运用,因此通常被安排在初三,并且只要求学生具有初步的定语从句知识.鉴于以上情况,笔者在教学中尽量采用直观的方式演示不易理解的概念,锻炼学生用英语直接思维,交际和解决问题的能力.笔者贯彻"学中用,用中学"的教学理念,让学生在"谈论熟悉的同学,才谜语"之类的真实语境中尽快融入课堂学习中,理解,归纳和应用有关定语从句的知识.笔者还让学生在完成任务的过程中进一步巩固所学内容.学生通过观看和描述不同学校的图片,与同学商量如何完善给学校的建议,给校长写一封建议信等活动,灵活运用了定语从句.整个教学过程扎实,有序而又不失活泼.
2 教学过程
第一部分:课前任务活动
step 1师生互相了解(语言点: who, that 在定语从句中的用法)
(1) 教师让学生用英语描述一位学生,以这种方式主动与学生相识.
t:i'm very happy today to meet you here. i hope you"ll like my lesson. actually this is the first time i meet you . so would you like to introduce someone in you class to me ?
ss: ( a little excited) yes!
t: remember, when i call your name, please don't move. other students will describe you in english, and i'll try to find you quickly. now, let's try the first one.who is ....?
(2) 教师边听不同学生描述边寻找被描述的学生,同时,适当板书学生所说的描述人物的话,如:
tony is a boy . he is very tall.
he is sitting in the second row.
he has short hair.
he wears a pair of glasses.
(3)教师找到第一位被描述的学生之后,请学生注意黑板上的句子,启发他们将这些短句连成长句.教师示范用定语从句的关系代词who , that 连接这些句子,然后让学生总结规律并模仿将黑板上的句子用关系代词连起来;学生在用定语从句继续描述其他同学,以此帮助教师找到更多不认识的学生.
t: look,there are so meny short sentences on the blackboard. can you join themtogether to make a long sentence?
s1: tony is a boy, and ut he is very tall?
t: good. any other way?
s2: tony is a tall boy .
t: yes,that's a better way. what else?
tony is a boy who is very tall.(教师擦掉第二句的主语he,替换为who )
t: and we ca also say :tony is a boythat is very tall.(在who 旁边加上 that)
we use"who hat to describe a boy . now, can you join the first sentence with next three sentences, just like i do?
ss: ......
t : let's go on the game using "someone is a boygirl who that...
(设计说明)
这一设计自然地将学生带入到了学习情境中,可以有效地减轻他们的学习焦虑感.这种师生互动也容易快速消除师生之间的陌生感.如果教师想让学生多说多练的话,可以适当延长寻找的时间,多让一些学生进行描述.在导入定语从句时,笔者没有先将语法概念告诉学生,而是直接呈现定语从句的用法,不仅直观清楚,省时高效,也锻炼了学生直接用英语思维的能力和运用所学语言的能力.
step 2 猜谜语 ( 语言点: which, that 在定语从句中的用法)
(1) 教师逐一用幻灯片呈现一些句子,并让学生来猜"这是谁?'.
t: just now, you introduce some of your classmates to me .now it's my turn to introduce a friend .do you know donna?
ss: nomadonna? that singer?mcdonald?
t : here are sime hints. donna is a lady who loves music.
ss: madonna!
t :no! donna is a lady that likes you a lot.
s1: is it you?
t: donna is a lady who is standing in front of you!
ss: ah! you are donna!
(设计说明)
这一设计起到了承上启下的作用.从"找学生"到"猜老师",再到下一步的"猜谜语",过渡自然,节省了大量的讲解时间,学生也能轻松进入学习状态.
(2) 教师呈现一些用定语从句写成的谜语让学生猜测,然后启发学生总结并说出which和who在定语从句中的用法区别
t: now, i have more riddles.would you like to have a try?
ss: yes, of course.
t: what is the day which hat comes after monday?
ss: tuesday.
t: yes. easy,what is the vegetable which hat can be made into french fries?
ss: potato.
t :what is the fruit which hat we often eat in summer?
ss: watermelon.
t: here comes the most difficult one. what is the animal which hat can always be found in baseball game?
t: it's a bat.baseball bat. it's just a joke.but can you tell me why we use "which" or "that" instead of "who" or "that" in these sentences?
ss: day. vegetable.fruit. animal
(3)教师用幻灯片演示主句与定语从句修饰和被修饰的关系,并请学生仿照这些句子用which和that创编一些谜语,让全班共同猜测,教师给予必要的指导.
(设计说明)
学生通过比照黑板上和幻灯片中的两类句式,不仅能发现which和who的用法和区别,达到快速理解和运用定语从句的目的,也进一步增加了探究所学语法的兴趣.编谜语活动还为学生提供了一定的发挥和想象空间,并由此开始了本节课的写作活动.
step 3 看图片谈论学校( 语言点:练习用who, which或that将短句连成定语从句,了解主从句的位置关系)
(1) 教师呈现一些标有文字注释的学校图片,引导学生将图片上的短句连成定语从句,并用动画效果来显示正确语句.
t: do you know about my school?
ss: no.
t: do you want to visit it?
ss:yeah!
t: ok, follow me.let's have a look at some pictures of my school. and please try to join two sentences into one sentence, using "who" ,"which" or "that".(showing pictures) many people ca remember the gate . it's so different from others.
s1: many people can remember the gate which hat is so different from others.
t: our school also has a long history. the history is over 100 years.
s2:our school has a long histore which hat is over 100 years.
t:the man is talking to the visitors. he is our priciple.
s3:the man who is talking to the visitors is our principle.
t:we can see the students. they are studying in different places.
s4:we can see the students who are studying in different places.
t: many students come to visit our school.they are from different countries.
s5: many students who are from different countries come to visit our school.
(2) 教师再呈现其它一些没有文字注释的图片,让学生用定语从句描述自己的母校.
(设计说明)
通过真实的情景展示,巩固和扩展所学语言,图片注释为学生的表达提供了充分的语言支持.注释句子由短到长,由易到难,层层递进,不断有新的挑战,使学生乐于实践,不怕 出错,边学边用.即使有些语句不太熟悉,他们也能够借助画面理解.这一活动为下一步让学生用自己的语言描述母校做了很好的铺垫.
第二部分:任务实施阶段(巩固与创新)
step 4 调查"你喜欢什么样的学校?"( 语言点: 用定语从句进行交际)
谈论完两所学校后,教师让学生进行小组讨论,用"what kindof school eacher do you like? i like the school which..... he teacher who hat..."来谈一谈对学校的感受和对学校的意见或建议,在讨论的同时用定语从句记录理想中的学校是怎样的,并与同伴交流感受; 最后向全班同学做简单的汇报,例如:in my group, we all like the school which....
(设计说明)
学生在上一步的交流活动中已经产生了很多想法,这一步适时地让他们表达出来显得很自然. 在教师提供的语言支持下,学生能够给学校建设提出很多好的建议.在表达过程中,学生的语句会有较多扩展,教师可以走到各组中间给予适当的指导.这也为下一步写作作好了铺垫.
step 5 给校长写一封信(语言点: 用定语从句写作)
学生齐读教师呈现的信件范例,了解如何将调查结果以书面的形式表达出来,同时注意建议信的语气表达; 然后仿造例文用定语从句给校长写一封信,提出自己对学校的建议,以总结前一步的活动,并练习和巩固所学内容.
step 6 作业布置
学生完成给校长的信
(设计说明)
这一步是整节课的升华,能够用一节课的时间即完成语法的落实,又有梯度地将听说落实到读写上,新文体的仿写是关键所在.
一.概述
课题来源:初三英语
所需课件:一课时
学习内容:定语从句中关系代词who, whom ,which ,that ,as的用法。
定语从句是一个很重要的语法项目,为以后的英语学习打下坚定的基础,也是初高考出现频率较高的考点。
二.教学目标分析
知识与目标分析
知识与技能目标:帮助学生掌握关系代词who, whom, which, that, as 的用法,丰富学生的语法知识,形成独立的学习能力,能够运用这些知识去解决定语从句的习题。
过程与方法目标:让学生主动参与感知——积累——理解关系代词的过程,让学生学会关系代词的用法,学会探究解决问题。
情感态度价值观目标:让学生体验到学习定语从句的乐趣。
三.学习者特征分析
初中生刚刚接触与从句,对句子结构认识不够清楚,但是这部分内容很重要,有助于学生完善整个英语语法知识结构。
四.教学策略选择与设计
本课题主要采用启发式教学策略,合作学习,探究学习的策略,在教学中,创设问题情景,以小组为单位进行讨论,合作学习,得出结论。
五.教学资源与工具设计
多媒体教室 计算机 PPT课件
六、教学过程
第一步:复习(检查作业)
第二步:导入
Marry is a beautiful girl.
Marry is a girl who has long hair.
……(讨论句子特征 )
老师总结:什么是定语从句,先行词,引出定语从句由关系代词,关系副词来引导。
第三步:介绍引导定语从句的关系代词。
第四步:详细介绍这些关系代词的用法。
第五步:习题(加深印象)
第六步:课后总结
第七步:布置作业
七、教学评价设计
创建量规,向学生展示他们将被如何评价(来自教师和小组其他成员的评价)。另外,可以创建一个自我评价表,这样学生可以用它对自己的学习进行评价。
八、帮助和总结
教师以启发诱导的方式向学生提供帮助和指导,针对不同的学习间断的学生采取不同的`帮助和指导,之处不同水平的要求,给予不同的帮助。对于学习能力强的可以以暗示的方式进行指示,对学习能力差的学生可以通过逐步深入的方式进行讨论。
在学习结束后,对学生的学习做出简单的总结,可以布置一些练习题,以强化学习效果。