英语句子的构成成分结构
英语常用句型结构有主谓结构、主系表结构、主谓宾结构、主谓双宾结构、主谓宾补结构等。英语句子的基本成分有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语。
英语的句子由主语部分与谓语部分组成。具体地讲,主要有下列六种句子成分,主语它是句子所要说明的人或事物,是一句的主体。
主谓宾结构:
1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词数词,动词不定式,动名词等,主语一般。
2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后.谓语可以是不及物动词。
1、主语+谓语 例:I am singing.
2、主语+谓语+宾语 例:She likes watching TV.
3、主语+谓语+表语 例:It looks beautiful.
4、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 例:Sandy gave the dog some food.
5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 例:We call her Millie.
英语中主要的句子成分:
1、主语
主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme),是句子所述说的主体.它的位置一般在一句之首.可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
A mooncake is a delicious,round cake.
月饼是一种美味的圆饼
2、谓语
谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后.谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成。
It is used by travelers and business people all over the world.
它被全世界旅行者和商业人员使用。
3、表语
表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。
My work is teaching English,
我的工作是教英语。
4、宾语
宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任,宾语一般放在谓语动词后面。
We think you are right.
我们认为你是对的。
5、定语
用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
The TV set made in that factory is very good.
那个工厂生产的电视机很好。
英语句子的基本结构:
1、主语+谓语(不及物动词)
2、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
3、主语+谓语+表语
4、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
例句:
1、The children are playing happily。
翻译:孩子们正在高兴地玩。
2、The Greens enjoy living in China。
翻译: 格林一家喜欢住在中国。
3、The apple tastes really delicious。
苹果吃起来真是好吃。
4、I passed him the salt。
翻译:我把盐递给他。
5、The accident happened yesterday evening。
翻译:事故是昨天晚上发生的。
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
句子结构英语成分
句子成分:一个中心+两个要点
一个中心:动词。一个句子里面必须要有动词。
两个要点:主语+谓语。谓语是动词,主语表示动作的执行者或接受者。
句子的核心是主谓结构。
n个主语+1个谓语 或者 1个主语+n个谓语,就可以组成简单句。其他的定状补语等都是句子的附属成分。
简单句的句子结构,有5种。
一:S+V (主+谓)
二:S+V+P (主+系+表)
三:S+V+O (主+谓+宾)
四:S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
五:S+V+DO+OC (主+谓+宾+宾补)
英语的句子成分有:
英语的句子有6种基本结构。
英语句子成分和句子结构
主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,表语 是句子成份 ①主语:用于说明人或事物执行某一动作,表明“谁”或“什么”.常由名词、代词和数词来担任.如: I love the book.The book is my friend.我喜欢这本书.这本书是我的朋友.(名词作主语) ②谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,表明“做什么”或“是什么”.常由实义动词或系动词加上表语部分来充当.如: Mother is a teacher.妈妈是一名教师.(系表作谓语) She likes music.她喜欢音乐.(动词作谓语) ③宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后.如: He learns English well.他英语学得好.(作动词宾语) I'm interested in handwriting.我对书法很感兴趣.(作介词宾语) ④补语:说明宾语、主语“做什么”或“处于某种状态”.常由名词、形容词等词类来担任.如: The teacher named me Lucy.老师叫我露茜.(名词作补语) Very loud noises can make people ill.非常大的噪音会让人得病.(形容词作补语) ⑤表语:放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的成分,表明“什么”,“怎么样”.多由名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词和介词短语来担任.如: She looks nice.她看上去很漂亮.(形容词作表语) Ann is in the classroom.安在教室里.(介词短语作表语) ⑥定语:用于修饰和限制名词或代词的成分,表明“谁的”、“怎么样”等.多由名词、数词、形容词、代词和介词短语等来充当.如: My friend is a middle school student.我的朋友是一名中学生.(名词作定语) The man with black glasses liked sweet food.戴墨镜的那个人喜欢吃甜食.(介词短语作定语) ⑦状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分.常由副词、介词短语等来充当.如: Bruce speaks English very well.布鲁斯英语说得很好.(副词作状语) Dick lived in the country a few years ago.迪克几年前住在乡下.(介词短语作状语)
【篇一】英语句子基本结构分析
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this claare girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The clais over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progrein English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)
He is in the room ma-ki-ng a model plane.(分词短语)
Wait a minute.(名词)
Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)
Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)
I shall go there if it doesn't rain.(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)
I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
【篇二】英语句子基本结构分析
英语语法看上去很复杂,很多句型要记,但其实只要深入研究,就会发现其实也不过是围绕这五个基本句子来展开,分别是:
S十V主谓结构
S十V十p主系表结构
S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语
五个基本句式详细解释如下:
十V句式
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如:
He runs quickly.
他跑得快。
They listened carefully.
他们听得很仔细。
He suffered from cold and hunger.
他挨冻受饿。
China belongs to the third world country.
中国属于第三世界国家。
The gas has given out.
煤气用完了。
My ink has run out.
我的钢笔水用完了。
十V十P句式
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如:
He is older than he looks.
他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book.
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting.
这个故事听起来有趣。
The desk feels hard.
书桌摸起来很硬。
The cake tastes nice.
饼尝起来很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc.
花闻起来香甜。
You have grown taller than before.
你长得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill.
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still.
他静静地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up.
他长大后当了教师。
He could never turn traitor to his country.
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如:
He looked me up and down.
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant.
他伸出手来摸象。
They are tasting the fish.
他们在品尝鱼。
They grow rice in their home town.
他们在家乡种水稻。
He‘s got a chair to sit on.
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English.
请把这个句于泽成英语。
十V十O句式
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如:
I saw a film yesterday.
我昨天看了一部电影。
Have you read the story?
你读过这个故事吗?
They found their home easily.
他们很容易找到他们的家。
They built a house last year.
他们去年建了一所房子。
They‘ve put up a factory in the village.
他们在村里建了一座工厂。
They have taken good care of the children.
这些孩子他们照看得很好。
You should look after your children well.
你应该好好照看你的孩子。
十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如:
He gave me a book/a book to me.
他给我一本书。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.
他带给我一枝钢笔。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me.
他把座位让给我。
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化:
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
妈妈给我买了一本书。
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
他给我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me.
请帮我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me.
他问我个问题。
注意,下边动词只有一种说法:
They robbed the old man of his money.
他们抢了老人的钱。
He‘s warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危险。
The doctor has cured him of his disease.
医生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats.
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak.
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。
十V十O十C句式
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry.
他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day.
他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out.
我发现他出去了。
I saw him in.
我见他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand.
他们发现沙地上有脚印。
They named the boy Charlie.
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out.
我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now.
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him.
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
【篇三】英语句子基本结构分析
主谓宾结构:
1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等.主语一般
在句首.注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America.
He made a speech.
2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后.谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没
有宾语,形成主谓结构,
eg:We come.
Many changes took place in my home town.
注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如:com
e, go 等)
3、宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,
him,them等.除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语.
eg:I will do it tomorrow.
The boy needs a pen.
(二)主系表结构:
1、主语:同‘主谓宾’结构.
2、谓语:联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变
成,go变和感官动词如:feel, touch, hear, see等.其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词
或副词,既,不可能是宾语.
3、表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等.可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词.(1)当联系动词不是
be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别.
eg: He became a teacher at last.
His face turned red.
(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词
eg: He looks well.他面色好.
It sounds nice.这个听起来不错.
I feel good.我感觉好.
The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻.
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
(三)There be 结构:
There be 表示‘存在有’.这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆.
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩.)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’.
英语句子成分一般有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语,下面我整理了相关内容,来看一下吧。
1、主语: 主语是句子要说明的人或 物,是句子的主体。一般放在句首。名词,代词,数词,动名词(v-ing),动词不定式,主语从句都可以作主语。祈使句和there be句型一般没有主语。
2、谓语是说明主语的动作或者状态,一般放在主语的后面。实义动词可以直接担任谓语;系动词和表语一起构成谓语;助动词和情态动词必须和后面的动词原形一起构成复合谓语。
3、表语:是说明主语的身份,特征和状态。它位于系动词后面。名词,代词,形容词,副词,数词,介词短语,动词不定式,表语从句可以作表语。
系动词: am, is, are, be, feel(觉得),get ( 变得 ), turn (变得), go (变得), touch (摸起来 ), sound, remain (仍然是), was, were, seem (看起来) , taste (尝起来),become(变得),smell (闻起来)
4、宾语:宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。英语中及物动词(vt)必须有宾语,称为动词宾语;介词后面的名词,代词,动名词称为介词宾语。名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,宾语从句都可以作宾语。
5、宾语补足语:有些及物动词(find,see,hear,believe,elect, bring, get, have, let等)除了必须有宾语外,还必须加上宾语补足语,句子的意思才完整。名词(短语),形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,现在分词,过去分词,都可以作宾语补足语。宾语补足语在被动语态中就变成了主语补足语。
Vt+动词不定式(短语),to do 是动词不定式, to do sth是动词不定式短语。
1.主语+系动词(表示状态、性质、定义等)+表语
2.主语+谓语动词(不及物,符号为vi)+状语(时间、地点、原因、方式等)
3.主语+谓语动词(及物动词,符号为vt)+宾语(动作的承受者)
4.主语+谓语动词(及物动词,符号为vt)+某人+某物
5.主语+谓语动词(及物动词,符号为vt)+宾语+宾语补语(说明宾语的状态、动作、特征等,不可缺少,否则句意不完整)
注:
1)任何正式语句都会符合这句型之一
2)各种句型里的动词都是各自独立的,不是说可以把任一个动词随便用在一个句型里,动词都有固定的用法,这要下功夫记忆,还有就是在语境中观察
3)分析复杂长句首先就是确定句型种类,关键是要敲定谓语动词,然后一一对应即可
4)长句、复杂句中每一个成分可能都不是单纯的词构成,这就需要长期的语言素养来辅助分析。
句子结构和句子成分英语
英语句子成分一般有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语,下面我整理了相关内容,来看一下吧。
1、主语: 主语是句子要说明的人或 物,是句子的主体。一般放在句首。名词,代词,数词,动名词(v-ing),动词不定式,主语从句都可以作主语。祈使句和there be句型一般没有主语。
2、谓语是说明主语的动作或者状态,一般放在主语的后面。实义动词可以直接担任谓语;系动词和表语一起构成谓语;助动词和情态动词必须和后面的动词原形一起构成复合谓语。
3、表语:是说明主语的身份,特征和状态。它位于系动词后面。名词,代词,形容词,副词,数词,介词短语,动词不定式,表语从句可以作表语。
系动词: am, is, are, be, feel(觉得),get ( 变得 ), turn (变得), go (变得), touch (摸起来 ), sound, remain (仍然是), was, were, seem (看起来) , taste (尝起来),become(变得),smell (闻起来)
4、宾语:宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。英语中及物动词(vt)必须有宾语,称为动词宾语;介词后面的名词,代词,动名词称为介词宾语。名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,宾语从句都可以作宾语。
5、宾语补足语:有些及物动词(find,see,hear,believe,elect, bring, get, have, let等)除了必须有宾语外,还必须加上宾语补足语,句子的意思才完整。名词(短语),形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,现在分词,过去分词,都可以作宾语补足语。宾语补足语在被动语态中就变成了主语补足语。
Vt+动词不定式(短语),to do 是动词不定式, to do sth是动词不定式短语。
1.主语+系动词(表示状态、性质、定义等)+表语
2.主语+谓语动词(不及物,符号为vi)+状语(时间、地点、原因、方式等)
3.主语+谓语动词(及物动词,符号为vt)+宾语(动作的承受者)
4.主语+谓语动词(及物动词,符号为vt)+某人+某物
5.主语+谓语动词(及物动词,符号为vt)+宾语+宾语补语(说明宾语的状态、动作、特征等,不可缺少,否则句意不完整)
注:
1)任何正式语句都会符合这句型之一
2)各种句型里的动词都是各自独立的,不是说可以把任一个动词随便用在一个句型里,动词都有固定的用法,这要下功夫记忆,还有就是在语境中观察
3)分析复杂长句首先就是确定句型种类,关键是要敲定谓语动词,然后一一对应即可
4)长句、复杂句中每一个成分可能都不是单纯的词构成,这就需要长期的语言素养来辅助分析。
I just want you to know that tires are flat.是that引导的宾语从句句子成分分别是I 主句主语 just want you to know 主句谓语 that 引导词 your tires 从句主语 are 从句系动词 flat.表语
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语.谓语.表语.宾语.宾语补足语.定语.状语等。顺序一般是主语,谓语.宾语,宾语补足语,而表语、定语、状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词.代词.数词.动名词.动词不定式等充当。He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。(在这句中“He”为代词,充当句子主语)2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征.行为。一般可分为两类:1)简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。We study for the people.我们为人民学习。2)复合谓语:情态动词+不定式I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。3、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词或介词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,动名词,数词,动词不定式等。We like English.我们喜欢英语。有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。 简称双宾语He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长
I是主语,want 是谓语you是宾语,动词不定式作为补足语know后面that 引导的句子主谓宾完整,所以that从句用来解释说明know 的内容,所以这个句子为同位语从句
句子成分和句子结构英语
怎样辨别英语句子成分 主语即句子的主体,一般在句首,作主语的词可以是名词、动名词、代词、从句等。谓语是主语的动作行为,作谓语的词是动词,如情态动词、系动词、使役动词等。宾语一般在谓语后,可以是形容词,副词,代词,也可以是一个句子。句子的结构一般是:主语+谓语+宾语,也可以是:主语+谓语(不及物动词) 修饰名词的是定语从句,相当于形容词。修饰整个句子,动词,形容词的是状语从句。 English:怎样辨别英语中 表语 宾语 定语 状语 等结构 收藏 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。 顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。 He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。 一般可分为两类: 1),简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。 可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。 We study for the people. 我们为人民学习。 2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式 I can speak a little English. 我可以说一点英语。 3、表语 表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。 My sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是护士。 4、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。 We like English. 我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink. 他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如: We make him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。 5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。 He is a new student. 他是个新生。 但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room is mine. 房间里的自行车是我的。 历史老照片不能说的秘密慈禧军阀明末清初文革晚清6、状语 修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in London. 他住在伦敦。 比如说 i love you. i 就是主格,表示“我”这个人,及动作或是行为的发出,实施者。 you 即是宾格,表示“你”,是动作或是行为的接受者,表被动状态。 明白了吗 人称代词里的:主格放在句首做主语和表语,宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语. 打个比方,主人邀请宾客,主格就像主人,宾格就像宾客。主格在动词前面,宾格在动词或介词后面。 英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和之分,如: I, me, my he, him, his they, them,their等。 顾名思义,主格(The nominative case)用作主语,宾格(The objective case)用作宾语,所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物。 在实际运用中,主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。下面是常见的问题: ⒈在复合结构里,人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时,没有问题,如很少人会犯下这样的错误: *(1)Wilcox spoke to I. *(2)Her knew what had happened. 但在复合结构中,错误就难免了,如: *(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I. *(4)He and her knew what had happened. *(5)This is between you and he. 这种错误是可避免的。第一,在有介词的复合结构中,特别要注意,第二个人称代词,必须用宾语,如:"for you and me"和 "between Maria and him"。第二,试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来,那么该用的格就容易辨别了,如: (6)This message is for (My father and) I or me. (7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together. 显然的,(5)里的代词是宾格的"me", (6)里的代词是主格的"he"。 ⒉在比较结构里,连接词"as"或"than"后面,按理用主格式,但在口语中,人们常用宾格形式,学美式英语者,更是如此: a. You did as well as she. b. You did as well as her. (9)a. I am older than he. b. I am older than him. (a)和(b)两种说法,都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话,这时的人称代词,就必须是主格,如下: (10)You did as well as she did. (11)I am older than he is . 此外,还有一点要注意,就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好,用宾格也可,但是有时意思会有所不同。试比较(a)和(b): (12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I. b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me. (12)a和b都被接受,但(12)a等于(13)a,而(12)b等于(13)B: (13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria). b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me. 显然,这两句的深层意思大有差别。遇到这种情形,为了避免误解,不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来。换句话说,必要的话,要用(13)这句子。 不然,把(13)a变成(14), (13)b变成(15)也可: (14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did. (15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria. 一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语: every„, sometimes, at„, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。 ////////////一般现在时表将来 1)下列动词:come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 2)倒装句,表示动作正在进行,如: Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3)在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 主语,动词的实施者,人称代词用主格 谓语,由动词承担 宾语,动词的承受者,人称代词用宾格 表语,修饰名词的形容词 状语,表明时间
英语句子结构和分析
导语:了解英语句子的成分,掌握英语句子的结构,是英语阅读和写作的必备基础,不但有助于正确理解英语句子的意思,而且也是写出正确英语句子的前提。我在此整理了英语句子结构和分析,供大家参考和学习。首先,我们要知道的是句子成分的定义、句子的成分都有哪一些,随后再是它们与句子结构的关系
定义 :构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分:主语和谓语
次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
一主语(subject)
句子说明的.人或事物
Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词)
She went out in a hurry.(代词)
Four plus four is eight.(数词)
To see is to believe.(不定式)
Smoking is bad for health.(动名词)
The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)
What he has said is true. (句子)
二谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please. (名词)
She didn't say anything. (代词)
How many do you want? - I want two. (数词)
They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词)
They asked to see my passport. (不定式)
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
Did you write down what he said? (句子)
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
(四)连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。
The war was over.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
I’m not quite myself today.
That remains a puzzle.
I don’t feel at ease.
常见的系动词有be 动词,还有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “变得”的词, 和感观动词sound, look, smel,taste,feel等。
(五)定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.(形容词)
His father works in a steel work.(名词)
There are 54 students in our class.(数词)
Do you known betty’s sister?(名词所有格)
He bought some sleeping pills.(动名词)
There is a sleeping baby in bed.(现在分词)
His spoken language is good.(过去分词)
定语后置:
如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister.
We have a lot of work to do.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
(六)状语
状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
I will be back in a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was late because he got up late.
He got up so late that I missed the train.
I waited to see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
Please call me if it is necessary.
This book is very interesting.
He went to school in spite of his illness.
(七)宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 :
make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
I found the book interesting.
Do you smell something burning?
He made himself known to them.
She asked me to lend her a hand.
宾语补足语:和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。
(八)同位语
位于名词或代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况
We young people should respect the old.(名词)
He himself will do the experiment.(代词)
He is the oldest among them four.(数词)
He told me the news that our team won the game.(从句)
【篇一】英语句子基本结构分析
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this claare girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The clais over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progrein English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)
He is in the room ma-ki-ng a model plane.(分词短语)
Wait a minute.(名词)
Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)
Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)
I shall go there if it doesn't rain.(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)
I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
【篇二】英语句子基本结构分析
英语语法看上去很复杂,很多句型要记,但其实只要深入研究,就会发现其实也不过是围绕这五个基本句子来展开,分别是:
S十V主谓结构
S十V十p主系表结构
S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语
五个基本句式详细解释如下:
十V句式
在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如:
He runs quickly.
他跑得快。
They listened carefully.
他们听得很仔细。
He suffered from cold and hunger.
他挨冻受饿。
China belongs to the third world country.
中国属于第三世界国家。
The gas has given out.
煤气用完了。
My ink has run out.
我的钢笔水用完了。
十V十P句式
在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如:
He is older than he looks.
他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book.
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting.
这个故事听起来有趣。
The desk feels hard.
书桌摸起来很硬。
The cake tastes nice.
饼尝起来很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc.
花闻起来香甜。
You have grown taller than before.
你长得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill.
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still.
他静静地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up.
他长大后当了教师。
He could never turn traitor to his country.
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如:
He looked me up and down.
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant.
他伸出手来摸象。
They are tasting the fish.
他们在品尝鱼。
They grow rice in their home town.
他们在家乡种水稻。
He‘s got a chair to sit on.
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English.
请把这个句于泽成英语。
十V十O句式
在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如:
I saw a film yesterday.
我昨天看了一部电影。
Have you read the story?
你读过这个故事吗?
They found their home easily.
他们很容易找到他们的家。
They built a house last year.
他们去年建了一所房子。
They‘ve put up a factory in the village.
他们在村里建了一座工厂。
They have taken good care of the children.
这些孩子他们照看得很好。
You should look after your children well.
你应该好好照看你的孩子。
十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如:
He gave me a book/a book to me.
他给我一本书。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.
他带给我一枝钢笔。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me.
他把座位让给我。
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化:
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
妈妈给我买了一本书。
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
他给我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me.
请帮我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me.
他问我个问题。
注意,下边动词只有一种说法:
They robbed the old man of his money.
他们抢了老人的钱。
He‘s warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危险。
The doctor has cured him of his disease.
医生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats.
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak.
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。
十V十O十C句式
在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry.
他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day.
他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out.
我发现他出去了。
I saw him in.
我见他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand.
他们发现沙地上有脚印。
They named the boy Charlie.
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out.
我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now.
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him.
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
【篇三】英语句子基本结构分析
主谓宾结构:
1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等.主语一般
在句首.注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America.
He made a speech.
2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后.谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没
有宾语,形成主谓结构,
eg:We come.
Many changes took place in my home town.
注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如:com
e, go 等)
3、宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:me,
him,them等.除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语.
eg:I will do it tomorrow.
The boy needs a pen.
(二)主系表结构:
1、主语:同‘主谓宾’结构.
2、谓语:联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变
成,go变和感官动词如:feel, touch, hear, see等.其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词
或副词,既,不可能是宾语.
3、表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等.可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词.(1)当联系动词不是
be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别.
eg: He became a teacher at last.
His face turned red.
(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词
eg: He looks well.他面色好.
It sounds nice.这个听起来不错.
I feel good.我感觉好.
The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻.
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
(三)There be 结构:
There be 表示‘存在有’.这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆.
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩.)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’.