宾语从句全英文无生课稿
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时态谓语动词的三种情况 1.主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时态。 2.主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态。 3.主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时
宾语从句
一、重要语法:宾语从句
1、宾语从句
本课侧重的是由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的用法,主要的疑问词有if/whether/how/why/what/when/where等。如:
I don't know when I'll finish.
My wife wants to know if Mary needs any help. I don't know what you're talking about.
二、课文主要语言点
Is that you, John? Yes, speaking. 注意打电话时的习惯用语。如果电话接通后,要找某人接电话,一般可以说:May I speak to sb.? 也可以像课文里这样直接询问对方是否就是你要找的人:Is that you, sb.? 如果接电话的人正是对方要找的人,则可回答:This is sb. speaking.或者简单回答:Speaking。原文中的speaking就是简短回答,其完整形式为:This is John speaking.
Tell Mary we'll be late for dinner this evening. 1)tell sb. sth.,tell为双宾动词,可以改为:tell sth. to sb.。但是,当直接引语为句子时,只能用tell sb. sth.(从句)的结构 2)be late for,迟到。
I'm afraid I don't understand. I'm afraid后接宾语从句,省略了连接词that。这是形容词后接宾语从句的用法,that一般都会省略。如:I'm sure he will come here on time tomorrow. 需要注意的是,当I'm afraid要翻译成中文时,不要译为“我恐怕”,而要译为“恐怕”,这样比较符合中文的表达习惯。
Hasn't Mary told you? She invited Charlotte
and me to dinner this evening.
1)Hasn't...?,反问句,一般不需要回答。 2)invite sb. to sth.,邀请某人到某场合(如吃饭或聚会)。需要注意的是,如果邀请后面接的是动作,则采用:invite sb. to do sth.。可拓展invite的名词invitation。
I said I would be at your house at six o'clock,
but the boss wants me to do some extra work.
1)I said I would...,可复习一下间接引语的用法。 2)be at,到达,相当于arrive at。 3)do extra work,加班。
I'll have to stay at the office.
I don't know when I'll finish.
1)will have to,必须。 2)when引导的是宾语从句,注意从句的语序要采用陈述句语序。
Oh, and by the way, my wife wants to know
if Mary needs any help.
1)by the way,顺便说一声。 2)if引导的是宾语从句。与其他疑问词不一样的是,当if或whether用来连接宾语从句时,其直接引语原句是一般疑问句,而不是特殊疑问句。比如,课文里的这句话的直接引语应该是:Does Mary need any help? 3)need在此用作实义动词,直接后接名词。可以复习一下need作为情态动词和实义动词的用法及其区别。
I don't know what you're talking about. what引导的是宾语从句,在从句中充当about的宾语。
That is John Smith, isn't it? Yes, I'm John Smith. 注意打电话时,指代对方时多用that is来指代you are。
You are John Smith, the engineer, aren't you?
That's right.
注意the engineer用作John Smith的同位语,而且用逗号隔开,起到强调作用,强调的是身为工程师的那个John Smith。
You work for the Overseas Engineering Company, don't you? No, I don't.
1)work for,在哪儿工作、为谁工作。 2)overseas,海外。注意别漏了s。
I'm John Smith the telephone engineer
and I'm repairing your telephone line.
the telephone engineer用作John Smith的同位语。用逗号隔开,朗读时重读,以起到强调作用。
if 引导的宾语从句
高中英语宾语从句说课稿
宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。
1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:
a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。
b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
2. 作介词的宾语,例如:
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
3. 作形容词的宾语,例如:
I am afraid (that) I've made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4. it 可以作为形式宾语
it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:
正确表达:I admire their winning the match.
错误表达:I admire that they won the match.
6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句”结构中,常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:
正确表达:He impressed the manager as an honest man.
错误表达:He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.
7. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:
I don't think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如:
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can't get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如: 1) The king's decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如: He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如: 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语) 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
宾语从句:作动词的宾语 1)直接放在动词后 He doesn’t know where the post office is. I think (that) watching TV too much is bad for people’s health. I wonder if you can do me a favor. I don’t know which school he is in. He asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. I wonder why she refused my invitation. 2)有些宾语从句前有间接宾语 He told me what I should read. 3)使用it 作形式宾语,宾语从句置后 I thought it strange that he failed to call me4)在think, believe, imagine, suppose, expect 等动词之后的宾语从句中,如果从句的谓语是否定含义,则不用否定形式,而将主句的谓语think 等变为否定形式: I don’t think you are right. I don’t believe . 作介词的宾语 Did he say anything about how we should do the work? 1)that 引导的宾语从句只可用在except 、but、 besides、 in 等少数介词后 Your composition is good except that there are several spelling mistakes. His success lies in that he is always optimistic. 2)介词后的宾语从句只能用whether 不能用if 来引导 It all depends on whether we can get enough money.作形容词的宾语 在某些表语形容词后可接that 引导的宾语从句 I’m afraid that I have made a big . 宾语从句的注意事项 1). that 在下列情况下不能省略 a. that 在引导并列的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,第二个that不可省。 He told me (that) he came and that he would go next week. b.当作介宾时不能省略 The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. c.当宾语太长用it作形式宾语时 2). 用陈述句的语序 No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years. We’ve heard where the meeting will be held. 注意 What is/was the matter?除外 He asked me what was the matter with her? 3). whether 和if a. 在宾语从句中可以互换,但作介宾时用whether It all depends on whether they will come back. b. 后紧跟or not时用whether I didn’ t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan. 4). 宾语从句中的时态宾语从句中的时态主要取决与主句的时态。主句用现在时,从句用各种时态都可以。主句使用过去时,从句除表示真理可使用现在时以外,一律使用过去时态。 I think he has already finished. My grandpa told me the earth is round. I told him he was wrong.
1.高一英语说课稿优秀范例
虚拟语气,在高考中这几年出现的越来越频繁,几乎成了逢考必出的语法点。而学生的书面表达,若能用虚拟语气造一两个句子,显然能够提高写作的档次,所以,这个语法知识的练习总结也就显得很有必要了。
就学生而言,基础参差不齐。虚拟语气在平时的考试训练中一直都是他们感觉比较头疼的一个问题。大多学生基础薄弱,所以对于该语法知识的点我从最基础的着手,涉猎的点大都是常考点。
教法采用的是任务型教学法。结合学生的自主学习,合作探究,利用1T4P教学模式,把各个任务由易到难分解到4个环节中在各项任务的设计方面尽可能的简化,但是也有个别难点需要满足部分优秀学生的需要。
在Preparation环节,我通过展示几幅图片来引出几个使用虚拟语气的情景:我要是拥有很多线,我会买一栋别墅。他要是开车小心点,昨天就不会出车祸了。我要是明天能见到姚明,我要向他索要签名。图图希望每天都是他的生日。和现在相反的虚拟,和过去相反的.虚拟,和将来相反的虚拟,以及在宾语从句中的虚拟一一点出,让学生去感知虚拟语气的概念,了解虚拟语气的使用。
之后进入到presentation,这个环节设计了五个任务:虚拟语气在各种不同情境下的时态,混合型虚拟的使用,含蓄条件句中的虚拟,虚拟语气的省略倒装和虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用。后四个都是常考的重点,虚拟语气的省略倒装和在名词性从句中的使用是难点。
在整个教学过程中,对于学生的学习活动前三个安排的都是自主学习,问题设计的也不难,旨在通过学生对语法知识的复习来巩固他们以前所学的知识并进一步强化。对于虚拟语气的省略设计的是同桌合作,小范围的探究解决问题。而对于虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用则是分组讨论总结,以求达到夯实语言基础的目的。
Practice环节是在近几年的高考试题中选取了十道和虚拟语气相关的单选题,让学生去感知这个只是点在高考中的出题方向,并能在掌握知识后正确的做题来树立自信心。这一部分他们独立完成后核对答案并提出问题,如果有必要,我会为他们对本节知识做进一步的总结和补充。
第四个环节,即production环节,我设计了七道纠错题,这些错误也是学生在平时的写作中常出现的问题,虚拟语气在书面表达中具有举足轻重的地位,所以,让学生学会运用虚拟语气写出一些高质量的句子,我认为很有必要。
对于作业布置,一是让学生再次认真复习学案上列出的有关虚拟语气的知识点,而是给他们提供了三个汉语句子让他们翻译,让他们再次感知虚拟语气语法在句子中使用的奥妙。
2.高一英语说课稿优秀范例
在课堂开始,我会给学生播放一段有冯小刚导演拍的电影《唐山大地震》的片段节选,让学生能通过电影能理解和体会到自然灾害给人类带来的巨大灾难。让后直接导入今天的课题。这个能激发学生去了解这篇文章的兴趣,积极加入课堂。 Step2 pre-reading 读前
在这个环节我会在学生在读这篇文章之前给出几个问题。但是并不要求学生马上给出答案。而是要求在下一环节的阅读中找出答案。
Step3 while reading
在这个环节当中我设计了3个活动
第一个活动 activity1 fast reading
给学生几分钟的时间,让后让学生快速阅读这篇文章,并找出在读前所给题的答案,在读完文章之后,让几个同学来进行回答。
第二个活动 activity2 scanning
放录音,让学生跟随录音快速阅读,并要求学生找出每一段落的中心句,并在读完之后,要求得出这篇文章的整体大意。并让学生起来进行回答
第三个答案:acrtivity3 task 在这一环节当中我会设计一个任务。任务类型为知识的抢答。
首先我会将整个班级分为若干个小组,每组有七到八个人。并选出小组长。这一环节中我设计了十个对错题,(true or false),要求学生以小组的形式进行抢答。并作出得分记录,最后还要评选出第一名。在抢答过程当中,我并不只单单是以游戏的形式来完成这一任务,只是简单的完成对错题,我会要求每组在抢答的过程当中,要对他们所选的答案进行解释说明为什么。让学生在这个过程当中真正玩有所得。
Step 4 post-reading
这一环节我会把我们所读的这篇文章设计成一篇阅读题的模式,设计五道选择题,用幻灯片展示出来,并让学生进行选择。题目的设计会以文章的主旨大意和一些细节作为试题。这让学生能在这一环节当中对刚刚已经学习知识进行巩固。
Step5 summary
在这一环节中我会整堂课做一个简短的总结,并再一次强调本次课的重难点。让学生明确本课的重点,再一次明确课堂目标。和引导学生对这篇文章的情感态度进行升华。
Step6 homework
作业1、要求学生背诵本次课的重点词汇和短语
2、要求完成相应联系。
3、要求学生课后通过各种途径查到关于地震的常识,并去了解一些 逃生的小常识,下节课来全班同学一起分享。
3.高一英语说课稿优秀范例
一、教学目标的设计
1、通过阅读,让学生用材料中的句型、短语、词汇来加深对克隆技术的了解,即克隆已经灭绝的动物,例如恐龙,也是不可能的。
2、通过听力,让学生借助原有的听力基础和本课新学的知识来试谈对克隆动物的看法,即克隆的优点和不足。
3、通过说的活动,让学生进一步提高用英语来表达对克隆的认识,即克隆与生活、克隆与自我的关系。
二、文本解读
第一部分:阅读材料。通过一篇有关“恐龙的回归”的文章,讲述人类自开始进行动物克隆研究以来,一直想要克隆已经灭绝的动物的愿望,让学生通过阅读了解恐龙的重生仅仅是一个无法实现的梦想而已。首先通过阅读明确文章的观点,然后通过再次阅读让学生明白不能克隆的原因。
第二部分:听的材料。让学生听一段关于克隆是否是对动物残忍的.对话,首先进行听前预测,接着听大意,然后听细节,最后展开讨论,让学生发表自己的看法。这项活动不但有利于提高学生的听说能力,而且能开发他们对克隆动物健康的关注及对克隆技术发展前景的再思考,具有现实意义。
第三部分:说的材料。以“你最想克隆什么东西”问题展开,旨在发挥学生的想象力,然后通过“你想克隆一个与你一样的人吗?”这样的问题让学生各抒己见,增加学生的语言输出量,增强课堂的趣味性。最后把这一部分作为一篇课后写作加以落实,提高学生的语言综合运用能力。
三、关于选修课的设计
根据《高中英语课程标准》,选修课的设计应以课程目标和学生的需求为依据,要充分考虑学生的学习现状,既要有新内容、新发展,又不能超出学生的实际水平。教师要引导学生主动学习,帮助他们形成以能力发展为母的学习方式,鼓励学生通过体验、实践、讨论、合作和探究等方式,发展学生的听说读写的综合语言技能。
四、课后反思
对自己在课堂上未能充分调动学生的积极性而感到遗憾,课堂气氛不够热烈,主动发言的学生较少,还需更多考虑课堂指令的明确性。教学内容的设计还是沿用以往教学模式,亮点不多,创新不够,需继续向其他教师好好学习。此外,在今后的教学过程中,要将教学内容设计更贴近于实际生活,贴近学生,调动学生的英语学习的积极性。
4.高一英语说课稿优秀范例
(一)教材内容及分析
我说课的内容是外研版《英语》(新标准)高中第三册(必修3)Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia本模块介绍了亚洲(主要是中国)沙尘暴的情况,并引入了与沙尘暴和环保有关的词汇。要求学生了解沙尘暴方面的知识并掌握相关词汇,培养学生用英语谈论沙尘暴及环保的语言技能。
Introduction部分为此模块的warming up,介绍与“沙尘暴”有关的词汇,并设计了三个练习活动。通过教材设计的这三个活动,可以让学生初步熟悉这些词的意义,为以后的各项学习活动做好准备。Reading and Vocabulary该部分介绍了“亚洲的沙尘暴”。围绕着课文,编者设计了五个与课文内容和词汇有关的练习。通过这些练习,学生可以增进对沙尘暴危害性的了解,熟悉有关沙尘暴的词汇。
(二)教学目标
根据《新课标》总目标的描述,结合本课的内容,我把本节课的教学目标系统化,分别是:语言知识,能力目标,情感目标,文化意识,和学习策略。
1.语言知识目标
掌握并能运用下列词汇:
与沙尘暴有关:disaster, dune, citizen, dust, desertification, forecast, strength, cycle, mask
与环保有关:process, mass, campaign
句子:
To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience.
There was nothing to be done.
To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening.
2.语言技能目标:
理论依据:高中英语课程标准强调用英语获取和处理信息的能力
1).能从文章中获取主要信息并摘录要点
2).能理解文章主旨、作者意图
3).能提取、筛选和重组文章中的信息
4).能利用上下文猜测新词汇
3.学习策略目标
词汇归类
在阅读、英语互动、完成任务过程中进行有效自我调控
通过各种途径获取相关信息,辨别并运用有效资源
3.文化意识和情感态度目标
了解亚洲沙尘暴的状况
增强环保意识
4.重点与难点
重点:
了解沙尘暴;阅读微技能训练
难点:
运用所学词汇和短评,围绕主题进行讨论及写作
二、说学情
在教学过程中,对学情的了解是教师因材施教的关键。高中的学生注意力有一定的稳定性,观察能力很强,具有一定的目的性,系统性和全面性,已经初步实现从具体思维向抽象思维的过渡。他们喜欢富有个性化的教学设计,喜欢接受新鲜事物。同时,自我意识增强,拥有强烈的主观能动性。他们更是拥有很强烈的自我展现意识与XX,不但在乎别人对自己的评价,更渴望得到别人的关注和赞赏。他们已具有了一定的自主合作和探究的能力,具有了一定的英语语言知识和英语应用的能力,具备了基本的英语思考和英语表达的基本技能。
因此,设计这节课时,我充分考虑到学生的主体性,把自己作为与学生一起探讨的一员,以亦师亦友的身份走进他们,以基础的语言启发他们,以轻松的话题开始,以愉快的交流展开合作,充分创造机会让同学们都拥有成功的`喜悦,在和谐的氛围中探究并完成教学任务。
三、说教学方法
(新课程提倡运用任务型教学途径,围绕核心问题,设定小任务;围绕文章内容,尽可能提供训练学生技能的机会;开展自主性学习的课堂活动,强调合作探究与独立思考相结合。任务型教学:任务型教学强调语言学习应该是在“做中学”“用中学”。任务设计应该贴近学习者的生活,才能激发学习者的背景知识,激发他们的学习的兴趣,语言才能在经意中习得(incidental acquisition).
这节课本人主要采用任务型教学法和活动教学法,借助多媒体展开教学活动。通过运用阅读技巧,如查读等方式提高阅读能力,从而使学生掌握阅读策略,同时围绕文章设计多种语言活动,以自主合作等多种形式,引导学生根据不同的学习任务尝试使用不同的学习策略,使良好的学习习惯得以培养,自主学习和合作得以发展,交际能力和综合运用能力得以提高。)
四、说学法
通过本课教学,我将主要培养学生掌握以下学习方法:
1.参与式学习法:培养他们从练中学,在学中用,通过设置符合学生知识水平的活动让学生参与、体验、实践,并从中品味在活动中的乐趣。
2.知识迁移法:培养学生善于运用所学知识来分析和解决问题的能力。
3.合作学习法:通过小组形式完成多种活动,培养探究和合作意识与能力。
五、教学反思
本课在阅读训练方面旨在:
1)培养学生在阅读中的推测词义的能力。
2)指导学生运用阅读技巧,诸如Skimming(扫读)、Scanning(细读)等培养其快速阅读的能力。在课程导入时,我选用部分图片展示,引发了学生浓厚的学习兴趣,为下一步的阅读做好了铺垫。在介绍亚洲沙尘暴文章的同时,我设置了不同水平的练习题以弥补教材中练习单一的不足,调动了不同程度学生的学习积极性。在循序渐进的讨论活动中,学生们既对沙尘暴的认识有所提高,又获得了听、说、读、写几方面知识能力的提高。倘若时间充裕,我会进一步加强推测词义的训练。
5.高一英语说课稿优秀范例
(一)设计思想
一节成功的英语课取决于一个优秀的设计思想。高中英语的听说教学是给学生打基础的最重要的阶段。学生只有积极主动地说出来,才能促进听说读写等综合素质的全面提高。而只有创设与学生的实际生活相结合的情景,才能促使学生有话可说,积极主动地说,甚至绘声绘色的用英语表演。
(二)理论依据:
语言学家克鲁姆认为:成功的英语课堂教学教师应该为课堂内创造更多的情境,让学生有机会运用已学的语言材料。通过给学生创设问题情境,图文并茂,充分调动学生的积极性,使学生自主学习,让学生成为问题的“发现者”,然后学生与学生进行合作性的探究,让老师成为问题的“点拨者”。
《新课程的教学实施》在教学应当如何适应课程培养目标的要求中指出:要强调与学生生活世界的密切结合。强调与学生生活世界的密切结合也就意味着,要改变“过于注重书本知识的现状”,要“加强课程内容与学生生活以及现代社会和科技发展的联系,关注学生兴趣和经验”,增强“提高生命生活质量”的意识,使学生学会生活,并能积极主动地创造健康向上的生活。
(三)设计特色:以“我的新教师”为话题,遵循贴近学生生活的原则,创设多种情景让学生发现,体验而习得语言,让课堂动起来!
二、教材分析
本课学习的内容是外研版新课标B1M2My New Teachers的Introduction即听说课的一个课时。课本内容包括:学习一些描述人物的形容词;学习用这些形容词描述自己熟悉的人物;讨论并描述自己心目中的好老师;听一名英国男孩对好老师的理解并与自己的描述比较。考虑到教学内容较少而且比较单一,不能充分调动学生的积极性,达到听说课的教学目的,我结合学生的实际生活,对教材整个模块的内容进行了整合,通过创设多种情景活动,使学生积极参与课堂活动,主动踊跃地发言,并且惟妙惟肖地表演。
三、学情分析
高一学生思维活跃,敢于提出不同见解,学生已经储备了一定的英语知识,能较好地展开话题讨论,各抒己见。采取多媒体教学,运用多种教学方法和手段激发学生交流和学习的兴趣,希望学生始终处于积极、主动的思考、探究的状态中,创造充满活力的课堂气氛。
四、教学目标
1、语言知识目标:掌握描述人物特点的形容词。
2、语言技能目标:运用描述人物特点的形容词进行描述和交流。
3、情感态度:学生能自如地表达自己的思想,情感以及与人合作交流的能力;
理解教师这一职业的'艰辛,理解并尊重老师。
4、学习策略:在情景中进行交流,培养学生的交际策略。
五、重点难点
1、教学重点:鼓励学生讨论自己最喜欢的老师;锻炼学生的听说能力;鼓励学生使用新学词汇描述新老师。
2、教学难点:如何使学生积极主动地参与到教学活动中来,大胆地说,自主地演。
六、教学策略与手段
本课教学强调从学生实际情况出发,从学生生活经验出发,而不是从“本本”出发。以学生为中心,让学生成为课堂中的主角,教师成为教学活动的组织者,合作者和参与者。在设置任务的过程中,考虑到了生生互动,师生互动。学生在教师特意创设的教学情境中去学习、体会英语语言的特点,使听说活动能在一种活的环境中轻松愉快地进行。
七、课前准备
新的课程标准强调教师、学生、内容、环境四个因素的整合,这四个因素持续交互,呈动态发展。
1、学生的学习准备:
鼓励学生课前认真预习描述人物的新单词。
2、教师的教学准备
新课程标准要求采用互动的课堂模式,提倡开放的学习方式,鼓励学生创造性地运用语言。在上课前,注意了解不同层次学生对这一部分内容的了解程度,吃透教材,上网查询资料,扩大自己的知识面和对电脑的认识,下载新颖的有关教师的图片,以激发学生学习的积极性。除此之外,还在课前估计课堂内可能发生的情况,准备好各种预案,以便顺利完成教学任务。
八、课堂教学过程设计:
Step 1 Preparation(准备阶段)
Enjoy a piece of music
(Before class,let Ss enjoy a piece of music)
设计说明:大家一起唱英文歌曲,使学生迅速进入英语课堂;营造一种轻松活泼的教学氛围。
Step 2 lead—in(导入)
T:How long have you been here?
S:About two weeks。
T:Do you feel happy for being here?
S:Yes。
T:How do you think of our school?
S1:It is beautiful。
S2:The teachers are very excellent and friendly。
T:Yes,excellent!So today we will talk about _____?
SS:My new teachers!
设计说明:鉴于他们是高一新生,学校生活又是学生非常熟悉的话题,从学生的现实生活出发,以轻松愉快的聊天形式导入新课,能使学生迅速进入本节课的学习,形成轻松活泼的课堂氛围。
Step 3 Warming—up(热身活动)
T:We usually use some adjectives to describe persons。 . I am ___?
Ss:Beautiful。
T:Yes,thank you。 Here I will give you some pictures and you just give me the adjectives that you can think of from it,ok?
S:pretty beautiful handsome amusing…
Make the students try to express themselves freely。 Help the students to describe the pictures,using the adjectives they have learnt。
设计说明:运用头脑风暴法,呈现一些图片引导学生充分想象自己已经学过的描述人物的单词,由此,总结已知词汇,导出新词汇。
Step 4 Exercise(练习巩固)
Complete the sentences with these adjectives
amusing intelligent nervous patient
popular serious shy strict
1)、Mr。 Wood is a very ________teacher。 He never get angry,even when his student behave badly。
2)、 Our history teacher is a very ________man。 He is nice,but he never smiles。
设计说明:对新学单词的含义理解,巩固与运用。
Step 5 (描述)
Use the words to describe your classmates
设计说明:从选词填空到运用已知词汇造句,是能力的提升。所设计的环节要求描述自己的同班同学,人物就在身边,触手可及。两个月的相处,和谐的同学关系使他们非常有XX表达对同学的热爱,对友谊的理解与感悟。这一情景可真是触到了学生的“骨髓”里。
Step 6 Guessing Game(猜谜游戏)
Describe your favorite teacher that you and your classmates know and ask your classmates to guess who he or she is。
设计说明:在这一环节中,我并没有让学生重复练习使用adjectives去描绘老师,因为到此为止,学生对这些adjectives已经掌握的相当好了。所以,我结合课本Speaking中的一个环节,把talk about your favorite teacher变成了Guessing game的形式,把全班分成四组,每组描绘一个自己的favorite teacher。为了让其他组的同学猜出来,他们必须不断地把自己的描绘对象描绘地细致,再细致。他们会挖空心思想自己学到的所有知识,并不仅仅是摆在手边的adjectives,而且要连句成篇,是能力的又一次提升,起到了很好的效果。并且,我把班里其他老师的照片以幻灯片的形式展示给同学们,他们更加积极主动了,整个课堂形成了一种描绘,赞美自己老师的和谐氛围。
Step 7 Discussion(讨论)
Do you agree with the following statements?
设计说明:学生们把自己的观点发表的淋漓尽致之后,需要的是其他观点的冲击。这一环节要求学生判断这些观点的对错,实质上是要求学生比较自己与他人的观点。在比较与判断中,学生获得了另一种交流。
宾语从句全英文
词不能做宾语从句,从句是一个句子,宾语从句就是宾语是一个短句的句子比如 你问了个问题 you asked sth.我回答了你的问题 i answered what you asked.what 带你的 sth 调换只前部一起组成句子作为answered的宾语可以参考参考语法书,比我讲的好多了。
E.g. I know that you are broken.(我知道你破产了) E.g. I love you for who are you. E.g. I am happy that you are like it. 宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出,根据关系词可以分为以下几类: E.g. I believe that he is honest. The doctor insists that I give up smoking. E.g. I don't konw whether he'll arrive in time. I wonder if it's large enough. E.g. I don't know who/whom you mean. Please tell me which you like. I'll do whatever I can do. Give it whoever you like. You don't konw what you are talking about. E.g.You don't konw when you are lucky.(身在福中不知福) I asked how he was getting on.(我问他情况怎么样) Have you found out how wide the ditch was.(你知道那条沟有多宽吗) We didn't know why he had answered in that question. E.g. From what you say, he is right. She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 当宾语从句后边有宾补时,通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语,将真正的宾语从句移到句末。 E.g.I think it best that you should stay here. He found it difficult to anwster the question. He think it his duty to help other. I find it interesting talking to you. 引导宾语从句的that一般可省略,无实际意义。 E.g. She said (that) she would come to the meeting. I hope (that) I would succeed. E.g. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. E.g. I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. That he ever said such a thing I simply don't believe. The woman said that if we scard her dog, she would rip us in tow. 当主句满足①一般现在时②第一人(I,We)称作主语③表示心理活动的词作谓语,如know, think, believe, guss, suppose等时(三个条件缺一不可),其否定一般转移到主语。 E.g. I don't think that he is going to help you. I don't believe that he would lie to me. I don't guess that she has been married. ①现在时:Mom says that she loves me. ②过去时:Mom says that a weird man followed her that day. ③将来时:Mom says that she won't let it go. ④现在完成时:Mom wonders if I have paid of my credit card. ①一般过去时:Dad said that he didn't want to discard his shorts. ②过去进行时:Dad said that he was enjoying himself last night. ③过去完成时:Dad said that uncle had disappered for 3 months. Grandma told me that the earth goes around the sun. 当主句的主语和从句的主语相同时,从句可以简化为疑问词➕to do。 ①I don't know where I should go. 简化为:I don't know where to go. ②Jinny wonders how she can impress her boss. Jinny wonders how to impress her boss.
【—之宾语从句】 关于英语宾语从句语法知识的学习,同学们认真看看下面老师的讲解内容。
宾语从句:
在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
①基本形式: (主句+)连词+从句主语+从句谓语+...
② 关于宾语从句连词的选择:
若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略;
若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether;
若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等)
例如:They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/ I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could get such medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? )
③ 宾语从句的时态问题 :如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时;
如主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如:I think I will do better in English this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。)
④ 下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待:
be sorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如:I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’m afraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。)
上面老师对英语语法宾语从句的讲解学习,同学们都能很好的掌握了吧,相信同学们一定会去的优异成绩的。
【—之谈谈我的梦想_我想当老师】
同学们的梦想是什么呢?下面是老师就为同学们带来一篇关于谈谈我的梦想_我想当老师的范文,供同学们写作参考。
I want to be a teacher when I listen to my teacher carefully. I think I can be a teacher when I grow up. I can help many students learn things well. I can play with my students, too. So we are good friends. I want to be a doctor when I see many doctors save their patients. To be a doctor is really great. I think I can be a doctor when I grow up. Then I can help many people out of danger. I will be the happiest girl in the world. I want to be a reporter when I watch TV every evening. We can get lots of important information from them. They make the world smaller and also make us happy. I would like to be a reporter when I grow up. And I can learn a lot about China and the other countries around the world. I can meet many superstars as well. I have lots of dreams. I think my dreams can come true one day, because there’s an old saying “where there is a will, there is a way.”
同学们的旅游是不是也是想当一名老师呢?还是有着更为宏伟的目标!
初一英语作文:我的网友
I was only nine years old when I learnt how to use a computer. My mother is my first teacher. I know how to type, how to copy a file, and how to visit a web site on the internet. One day, mom was not at home.
I turned on the computer and began to learn how to chat on net. The first one I met there was a boy called tom. He greeted me politely. When he knew that I was only a 9-year-old girl, and almost knew nothing about chatting on net, he started showing me how to use the chatting tools, how to download, and how to send e-mails. I learnt a lot from him.
中学生英语听力不好的9大原因
很多初中中学生对自己的听力不是很满意,很想提高,但又不知道应该采用何种方法。本文旨在帮助学生分析听力不好的原因,并提出相应的建议。希望初中同学们从中得到启迪。
听力不好是结果,想提高听力,首先要分析自己听力不好的原因,找到原因后再对症下药,才能做到标本兼治,收到良好的效果。
根据我个人的学习和教学经验,听力不好主要是由于以下几个原因造成的:
1. 自己的发音不够准确。
假设我们的发音能做到和标准音完全一样,那么只要你能听懂自己的发音,就一定能够听懂录音材料的标准音。我们发音不准确主要有以下几个原因:
第一、一些初中同学音标基础不是很好,所以导致单词发音不准确。
试想如果我们错把单词A读成B,那么听到正确的'A单词的发音时,我们是不可能反应出来别人所说的是A的。
第二、不良的学习习惯造成发音不准确。
有很多中学生音标基础很好,但是由于养成了不良的学习习惯,导致发音不准确,进而导致听力障碍。例如,有些同学养成了发音跟着感觉走的习惯,看见生词很少查音标。英语(论坛)单词的拼写和读音是有规律可循的,初中物理,但不是所有的单词都符合规律。如果这个单词的发音符合规律,那么万事大吉,如果不符合规律,就会造成发音不准,进而导致听力障碍。
第三、对连读、弱读、失去爆破、音的同化等知识缺少了解和练习。
单词在句子中由于受到其它单词的影响,发音会发生变化。如果不了解这种变化,我们也会感到听力困难。常见的变化形式有:
连读:前面的单词以辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,在讲话时通常会发生连读。如:an apple, 读成a napple。
弱读:指的是元音的弱化。为了加快语速,或者由于单词在句子中处于次要地位,我们在讲话时往往不发字典里标的强读音,而发弱读音。如am 读成/ m,m/ Can读成 /kn/
初中英语语法辅导:全倒装
【—语法辅导:全倒装】下面是对全倒装英语语法的知识讲解内容,希望同学们认真看看哦。
全倒装:
主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种情况:
1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:
There goes the bell! 铃响了! There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.注意:
①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, mush等。 ②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。
2、方位状语在句首, 如:
In front of the house stopped a police car.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
Under the tree sat a boy.
3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装
"What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.
上面对全倒装英语语法的知识讲解学习,相信同学们对上面的知识已经能很好的掌握了吧,希望同学们对上面的知识很好的利用学习。
初中英语定语从句专项语法的辅导
【—定语从句专项语法的辅导】下面是对定语从句的概念、定语从句的关系词、关系副词的用法、定语从句的分类及关系代词的用法的介绍。供同学们参考。
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
【—语法对目的状语从句的总结】下文为同学们介绍了目的状语从句在状语从句中是由什么引导词引导,下文为大家介绍。
目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导,例如:
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
老师为大家带来的目的状语从句同学们可参考例句对其分析。
谓语后面的名词就是宾语,如果这个名词用从句代替,就是宾语从句。比如I don't believe your words. words是宾语,如果改为宾语从句,就是I don't believe what you say.一般而言,宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序,比如上面例句中的“you say”。但如果遇到一些固定句型,则保留疑问句语序,比如He asked what was the matter.
宾语从句英文课件
课件(courseware)是根据教学大纲的要求,经过教学目标确定,教学内容和任务分析,教学活动结构及界面设计等环节,而加以制作的课程软件。它与课程内容有着直接联系。我带来的宾语从句初中英语课件。
宾语从句初中英语练习题
1. They don't know ______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
2. Please tell me ______what last year.
A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works D where your sister worked
3. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
4. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
5 Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after
6 Could you tell me ___?
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing
答案: 1-6 B D B A A
宾语从句初中英语课件
宾语从句(object clauses)
1、概述用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可以作介词和非谓语动词(动词不定式、动名词、分词)和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if,关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。
He said he wanted to go to town. 他说他想去城里。
I hope you'll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起来。
I’m so glad that you were able to come to this party.你能设法抽空出席这个交际会,我很高兴。
I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.除了在报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知。
Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike except when it rains.除了雨天,大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。
He asked me whether she was coming. 他问我,她来还是不来。
2、作动词宾语
(1)由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时,只起引导词作用,在句中不做成分,在口语和非正式文体中常省去。
I think (that) he'll be right in a few days.我认为他几天后就会好的。
I wish (that) she would understand me.我希望她理解我。
(2)由关系代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句,在句中作成分,即主语、宾语、表语和定语,关系代词在句中不能省略。
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do.计算机只能按人的指令去做。
Do you know whom they are waiting for?你知道他们在等谁吗?
He asked whose dictionary it was.他问这是谁的字典。
He can't tell which method they will use for the experiment.他不能断定他们会用哪一种方法做实验。
(3)关系副词when,where,how,why等引导宾语从句。关系副词 when,where,how,why 既有疑问意义,又起连接作用,而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语,分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。
Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan.请告诉我我们将何时讨论计划。
I don't know where we are going to have the meeting.我不知道我们将在哪里开会。
Will you tell me how I can get to the station?你能告诉我如何能到车站吗?
Do you know why he said that?你知道他为什么说那件事吗?
I remember when this used to be a quiet village.我记得这里曾经是一个僻静的村庄。
(4)由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。
I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside.我想知道在农村女儿是否和儿子一样受到重视。
I don't know whether (if) you are willing to help me.我不知道你是否愿意帮我。注意:whether 和if的区别,请参考概述部分。
(5)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。动词如:advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等,宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语,这个宾语有时可以省略,有的不能省略。
He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已经通知我们将什么时候讨论我的建议。(me不可省略)
She promised (us) that she would give us more help later on.她答应以后给我们更多的帮助。(us可省略)
3、作介词宾语
It depends on whether he is coming or not.这要看他是否会来。
I was curious as to what we could do next.我想知道下一步我们该做什么。注意:that引导的宾语从句只在in, but, except, besides等少数介词后作宾语,形成固定搭配,in that在于(因为),but that要不是(只是),except that除了……。
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得税过高是有害的,因为它可能使人不愿多赚钱。
His paper is perfect except that there were some misprints.除了一些印刷错误之外,这篇论文很好。
4、作形容词宾语。
No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.谁也不知道一百万年后人类会变成什么样子。
I am not certain whether I have met him before.我不能肯定从前是否见过他。
I'm sorry (that) you're ill.你病了,我很难过。注意:that引导的从句在下列形容词后面作宾语,that可以省略。anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content, proud等。
I'm sure (that) he'll help you.我确信他会帮助你。
I'm glad (that)he has passed the exam.我很高兴,他考试及格了。
5、it充当形式宾语,真正的`宾语---宾语从句后置。正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样,我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句,把真正的宾语从句后置。特别是带复合宾语的句子中。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况:
(1)在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess,hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等动词接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)时,要用it作形式宾语。
We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time.我发现我们按时完成工作有困难。
She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone.她认为他不接电话是不对的。
(2)在like,enjoy,love,hate,take 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词,后若要跟宾语从句时,需跟形式宾语 it。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我不喜欢人们满口饭说话。
I like it that everyone passed the exam.都通过了考试我很喜欢。
(3)由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接 that 宾语从句时,要用形式宾语。
We are thinking of it that we'll lend you some money.我正在考虑借给你钱的事。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候我负责把他照顾好。
(4)用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。
Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o’clock.要记住你得十点钟之前回家。
We took it for granted that he would come.我们认为他来是当然的。
6、不可直接跟that从句的动词。下列动词不可直接接that从句:ask, refuse, let, like, cause, force, condemn, admire, entreat, dislike(厌恶), overlook, love, help, take, forgive, bid, hate, hear(听见), see(看见), want(想要) 等,但可用it, the fact做媒介,后接that从句;或接动名词、不定式。
He overlooked it that he had made another mistake.(正确) 他忽视了一件事,他又犯了一个错误。
He overlooked the fact that he had made another mistake. (正确)
He overlooked that he had made another mistake.(错误)
I admire it that they won the match. (正确)
I admire the fact that they won the match. (正确) 我很羡慕,他们赢得了比赛。
I admire that they won the match. (错误)
7、that引导宾语从句的省略。
(1)主句谓语动词是agree, argue, hold, learn, maintain, observe, contend, conceive, reckon, remark, state, suggest, assume, announce, calculate, indicate等时,其后宾语从句的引导词that一般不可省略;主句谓语动词是hear, know, say, see, confess consider, declare, understand, propose等时,其后宾语从句的引导词that可以省略,也可以不省略;主句谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, presume, dare say等时,其后宾语从句的引导词that可以省略。
He suggested that we should set off at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.他建议我们明天早晨8点走。(that不可省略)
I think (that) this is very important.我认为这很重要。(that可省略)
(2)当一个句子很复杂,句中有多个状语时,that不可省略;或者一个句子有多个并列的宾语从句时,特别第一个宾语从句特别长,后面的宾语从句的that不可省略;谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时,that不可省去。
He said you needn't worry and that he would help you .他说你没有必要着急,他会帮助你的。(said之后可省去that,但第二个that不可省去)
We decide, as he has suggested, that we will start out tomorrow.就像他建议的那样,我们决定明天动身。
8、否定转移与省略
(1)如果主句的谓语动词是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等,主语是第一人称的一般现在时态,其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义,一定要把否定词一道主句谓语上,从句谓语动词用肯定形式。
I don’t think he can do it better than me.我想他不会比我干得好。
I don’t believe he treated the child like that.我相信他不会那样对待孩子的。
(2)如果think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等前有副词或表示强调的do, does, did;或者同其它词构成并列谓语;或者不以现在时出现;或者用作插入语中。这时候不用否定转移。
I really expect she didn’t say that to him.我确实希望她不和他说那件事。
I think and hope that he won’t be deceived by the man.我认为也希望他不会被那个人欺骗。
(3)think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等此类动词后,在简略答语中,用 so 替代前文肯定的宾语从句;若替代一个否定的宾语从句,用 not 或 not…so 替代前文整个从句。
-I believe we've met somewhere before.我认为我们从前在哪见过。
-No,I don't think so.没有,我认为我们以前没见过。
-Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?你认为这周末会下雨吗?
-I believe not.我认为不会。注意:hope 只能说 I hope not 一种形式,因为 hope 不能否定转移。
9、时态的呼应与语序。
在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序,时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则:
(1)如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。
Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring?你能确定爱丽丝把金戒指放到什么地方了吗?
They have no idea at all where he has gone.他们一点也不知道他去了哪。
Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night?你知道他昨晚和谁一起说话吗?
(2)如果主句谓语是一般过去时,宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。
He said he would come to see us the next day.他说他明天将来看我们。
I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing.我想知道他是否去过北京。
(3)如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等,不管主句是什么时态,宾语从句一律用一般现在时。
Dick asked Lucy how old she is.迪克问露斯她多大了。
The teacher said the sun rises in the east.老师说太阳从东方升起。
要点
一、高中宾语从句要点之时态的呼应
1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如:
I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.)
2. 如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如:
He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。
3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。例如:
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
二、高中宾语从句要点之引导词的使用
1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如:
Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring.
2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如:
David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.
3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how),引导宾语从句。例如:
Do you know what we can do on the island?
I don’t know why Jane was late for school this morning.
三、高中宾语从句要点之语序的陈述化
宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如:
When did he leave? I want to know. →I want to know when he left.
Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? →Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day?
四、高中宾语从句要点之否定转移
当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如:
I don’t believe he is here on time, is he?
I don’t think Tom is the best student in his class, is he?
一、教学内容:
Unit 1 of Module I Period One (Lesson 1 & 2)
二、教学目标与要求:
1、在第一课和第二课里,我们学习了如何谈论我们的生活方式。话题的选择贴近我们的生活,能引起同学们共鸣,激发同学们的学习动机。
2、复习一般现在时态和现在进行时态,以及它们的用法和区别。
3、进一步了解不同文化背景下,不同的个人生活方式,引导同学们树立良好的学习和生活习惯。
4、学习策略:运用听力策略对所听内容进行预测。
5、掌握重点单词、短语、句式,在练习中能灵活运用。
三、本周重难点词汇讲解:
1、peaceful adj .和平的,平静的
peace (n.和平)+-ful(形容词后缀)
The peaceful uses of atomic energy will do good to human beings .
原子能的和平利用将造福人类。
It's peaceful at home when the children are at school .
孩子们在学校上学时,家里就安静了。
派生词:peacefully adv. 和平地,平静地
这些形容词表明没有激动兴奋或未被打扰。
calm 隐含远离情感冲动之意;
peaceful 意指未被打破的镇静。
2、relaxing adj .轻松的,放松的
relax(v. 放松)+-ing(形容词后缀)
All the students going for holidays, it is really a relaxing evening for the headteacher.
所有的学生都度假去了,对于班主任来说这真是一个使人感到轻松的夜晚。
同根词:relaxed意为"感到轻松的"。
有些现在分词和过去分词可用作形容词,现在分词意为"令人……的",其逻辑主语是物;过去分词意为"感到……的",其逻辑主语是人。类似用法的词有:surprised /surprising; excited/exciting; frightened/frightening; moved/moving;
puzzled/puzzling
He got/became bored by her boring speech.
他被她那些令人厌烦的话搞烦了。
3、suppose的用法
1)suppose后接that引导的宾语从句,表示"认为/猜想……"。如:
As she's not here ,I suppose she must have gone home.
她不在这儿,我猜想她已经回家了。
Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps.
科学家们认为大型恐龙栖居于沼泽地中。
2)be supposed to 是个固定词组,意思是"应该,有……的义务"。如:
I thought we were supposed to be paid today.
我以为我们今天会领到薪水呢。
3)suppose/supposing可以引导条件状语从句,相当于if 的作用。如:
Supposing(that) you are wrong,what will you do then?
假设你错了,那你会怎么办?
4、prefer vt.更喜欢,宁愿
派生词:preferable adj .更可取的,更合意的;
preference n.喜爱,偏爱
-Which would you prefer,tea or coffee? 咖啡和茶你更喜欢哪个?
-I prefer tea to coffee.我更喜欢茶。
1)请注意prefer的搭配及用法:
(1)prefer(doing)sth.to (doing) sth.……相比,更喜欢……如:
I prefer coffee to milk.和牛奶相比,我更喜欢咖啡。
I prefer listening to music to watching TV.
和看电视相比,我更喜欢听音乐。
(2)prefer to do sth. rather than(to) do sth.和做……相比,更喜欢做……如:
I prefer to listen to music rather than watch TV.
和看电视相比,我更喜欢听音乐。
(3)prefer+that从句。如:
We prefer that the plan shall be fully discussed.
我们想让这份计划被充分地讨论。
2)prefer sth.to sth.中的to是介词;prefer to do sth. rather than do sth .中to 是动词不定式的符号。
3)prefer to do…rather than do…=would rather do than do…/would do…rather than do…
5、switch on=turn on把开关打开;接通
switch off=turn off关掉;关上
switch over (to)…转换频道;转变
Then I get up, go downstairs and switch on the TV in the living room.
At weekends, he often switches on the computer early in the morning and doesn't switch it off until midnight.
周末,他一早就把计算机打开,直到半夜才关。
If there is not a good play on CCTV8, I would switch over to CCTV7.
如果中央八台没有好节目,我就换到七频道。
6、do some exercise =do some sports =take some exercise 锻炼身体
(exercise作不可数名词用时,意为"锻炼运动",作可数名词用时,意为"练习、训练"。)
do morning /eye exercises做早操/做眼保健操
He is so fat that everyone advised him to take more exercise.
他太胖了,所以,大家都劝他多锻炼身体。
Students have too many exercises to do after class.
学生课后要做的练习太多。
7、go off
1)爆炸;(爆竹、铃等)响
The gun went off with a bang. 枪砰的一声响了。
2)(食物等)变坏
This steak has gone off.这牛排坏了。
3)消失
The pain went off. 疼痛消失了。
4)进行情况;发生
The interview went off very badly. 访问进行得极不顺利。
5)睡着;失去知觉
Has the baby gone off yet? 婴儿睡着了吗?
8、take up
1)to use up, consume, or occupy: 用尽,耗掉或占用(时间/空间):
The extra duties took up most of my time.
额外工作耗费了我绝大部分时间。
2)to develop an interest in or devotion to: 喜欢,钟爱,对……产生了兴趣或钟爱:
Now he takes up mountain climbing.
现在他喜欢上登山运动。
3)to enter into (a profession or business): 开始从事(一项职业或行当):
He took up art while at school.
他在学校时开始对艺术感兴趣。
4)to begin again; resume: 再次开始;重新开始:
Let's take up where we left off.
take down 拿起;拆除(构造物);记下
take off (飞机等)起飞;脱下(衣帽等);(观念,产品等)突然大受欢迎
take on 呈现(不用于被动语态)
9、be filled with… 装着……;装满…… fill… with… 把……装进……
be full of… 装满……
Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters.
每分钟都有很多急待处理的事情要做。
The bottle is filled with oil.
那瓶子里装满了油。/那瓶子里装着油。
The bottle is full of oil. 那瓶子里装满了油。
Don't fill the bottle with oil. 别把油装进瓶子里。
10、complain (to sb.) about/of sth. 向……抱怨……
1)vi. 抱怨;埋怨;
Almost immediately she began to complain to me about his impoliteness.
她几乎马上就对我开始抱怨起他的无礼来了。
2)诉苦;叫屈;说自己有病(of)
The boy complained of a pain in his stomach.
这孩子说他肚子痛。
3)vt. 抱怨, 控诉[常与that从句连用]
They complained that the wages were too low.他们抱怨工资过低。
They complained that the price of books had increased.
他们抱怨说书的价格提高了。
4)n. 抱怨;埋怨;不满
We have a number of complains about their service.
对他们的服务我们有些怨言。
英语宾语从句大全
E.g. I know that you are broken.(我知道你破产了) E.g. I love you for who are you. E.g. I am happy that you are like it. 宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出,根据关系词可以分为以下几类: E.g. I believe that he is honest. The doctor insists that I give up smoking. E.g. I don't konw whether he'll arrive in time. I wonder if it's large enough. E.g. I don't know who/whom you mean. Please tell me which you like. I'll do whatever I can do. Give it whoever you like. You don't konw what you are talking about. E.g.You don't konw when you are lucky.(身在福中不知福) I asked how he was getting on.(我问他情况怎么样) Have you found out how wide the ditch was.(你知道那条沟有多宽吗) We didn't know why he had answered in that question. E.g. From what you say, he is right. She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 当宾语从句后边有宾补时,通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语,将真正的宾语从句移到句末。 E.g.I think it best that you should stay here. He found it difficult to anwster the question. He think it his duty to help other. I find it interesting talking to you. 引导宾语从句的that一般可省略,无实际意义。 E.g. She said (that) she would come to the meeting. I hope (that) I would succeed. E.g. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened. E.g. I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. That he ever said such a thing I simply don't believe. The woman said that if we scard her dog, she would rip us in tow. 当主句满足①一般现在时②第一人(I,We)称作主语③表示心理活动的词作谓语,如know, think, believe, guss, suppose等时(三个条件缺一不可),其否定一般转移到主语。 E.g. I don't think that he is going to help you. I don't believe that he would lie to me. I don't guess that she has been married. ①现在时:Mom says that she loves me. ②过去时:Mom says that a weird man followed her that day. ③将来时:Mom says that she won't let it go. ④现在完成时:Mom wonders if I have paid of my credit card. ①一般过去时:Dad said that he didn't want to discard his shorts. ②过去进行时:Dad said that he was enjoying himself last night. ③过去完成时:Dad said that uncle had disappered for 3 months. Grandma told me that the earth goes around the sun. 当主句的主语和从句的主语相同时,从句可以简化为疑问词➕to do。 ①I don't know where I should go. 简化为:I don't know where to go. ②Jinny wonders how she can impress her boss. Jinny wonders how to impress her boss.