摘要：
英语语法句子成分S：主语:主语是执行句子行为或动作的主体，是必要句子元素，如“我写字”中，“我”是主语，主语发出“写”的动作，“写”即为谓语，而“字”是接受谓语“写”动作的对象... 英语语法句子成分
S：主语:主语是执行句子行为或动作的主体，是必要句子元素，如“我写字”中，“我”是主语，主语发出“写”的动作，“写”即为谓语，而“字”是接受谓语“写”动作的对象，因此被称为宾语。
V：动词:表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。
O：宾语:宾语表示动作所涉及的对象。它通常是一个名词词组或者相当于名词词组的结构。宾语可分为直接宾语、间接宾语、同源宾语等。
P：表语:表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。它修饰的是主语，表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词-ing、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词之后。
IO：间接宾语:到句子中有两个宾语时，其中指物或指事的就是直接宾语。指人（或动物）的就是间接宾语。（不能按宾语离动词的远近来判别）
DO：直接宾语:指物的直接宾语
C：补语:英语中的补语有两种,一个是主语补语,一个是宾语补语.主语补语就是补全主语的,宾语补语就是补全宾语的.
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this claare girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The clais over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progrein English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
句子成分英语说法
在英文当中，有八大句子成分，分别是：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、补语、同位语、状语。主语：动词的发出对象谓语：动词宾语：动词的承受对象表语：说明主语的品质、性质、身份、特征和状态，通常在系动词（be/become/feel/sound/turn...）后面定语：用来修饰、描述主语或宾语，形容词通常做定语补语：用来补充说明主语或宾语同位语：即“同等位置”，以一个名词来解释说明另外一个名词或代词。状语：表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、程度等，副词通常做状语。举例：1.MysisterSusansingsverywell.我的妹妹苏珊唱歌很棒。My—定语sister—主语Susan—同位语sings—谓语verywell—状语2.SheisChinese.她是中国人。She—主语is—be动词Chinese—表语3.Ipaintedthewallwhite.我把墙漆成白色的。I—主语painted—谓语thewall—宾语white—补语
主语the Subject--S
谓语the Predicate--V
表语the Predicative--P
宾语the Object--O(宾补OC)(直接宾语DO，间接宾语INO)
定语the Attribute--Att
状语the Adverblal--A
句子的组成成分叫句子成分，也叫句法成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。
汉语： 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有八种，即主语、谓语、宾语、动语，定语、状语，补语和中心语。 英语：句子的组成部分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语八种。
扩展资料：
英语成分的状语用法：
1、说明事物发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，结果方式，条件或伴随情况，程度等情况的词叫状语。
2、状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
3、状语一般由副词、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语或从句来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等
（1）副词一般在句子中做状语．
He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好.
He is playing under the tree.中的under the tree是地点状语.
（2）不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。
I come specially to see you.我专门来看你.
参考资料来源：百度百科-句子成分
句子成分可以用 the elements of a sentence 表达。
英语语法句子成分分析例句
apple tree，swinging gently in the breeze，had a good crop of fruit.在这里swing作伴随状语?had...是谓语动词 castle ，burnt down in 1485，was never down in 1485，是定语，was never rebuilt.是谓语，被动语态 noise of something being dragged on the floor could be heard clearly in the quiet night.是现在分词短语做定语，表示被动，用being表示进行
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this claare girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The clais over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progrein English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
英语语法句子成分句子结构
【英语】简单句的五种基本句型 作者：佚名 来源：天星教育网 更新时间：2014-04-11 10:11 点击：38286简单句是英语中的基本句子，了解和掌握这五种基本句型对学好英语极为重要。这五种基本句型是：1.主语+不及物动词（主谓结构）本结构是由主语加不及物动词构成，常用来表示主语的动作。此句型中不及物动词的常用法：（1）一般表达型。此类不及物动词常与表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。如：They worked day and night. 他们夜以继日地工作。（2）主动形式表示被动含义型。此类动词常见的有：read, sell, wash, write, clean等。如：The theatre tickets sold well. 戏票很畅销。This kind of cloth washes well.这种布料很容易洗。2.主语+系动词+表语（主系表结构） 本结构是由"主语+系动词+表语"组成，主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。此句型中常见的系动词：be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, keep等。（1）主语+系动词+形容词(作表语) 如：That argument sounds reasonable. 那个论据听起来有道理。 It feels good to be home.在家的感觉真好。（2）主语+系动词+名词(作表语) 如：Later he became a scientist.他后来成为一个科学家。 He is a student. 他是个学生。（3）主语+系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词(作表语) 如：He is near. 他在附近。 This is of importance. 这很重要。 You’re not looking yourself today. 今天你看上去气色不太好。 3. 主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾结构） 此结构是由"主语+谓语+宾语"构成。其中的谓语动词须是及物动词(短语),宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。（1）主语+及物动词＋名词或代词(作宾语)如：He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。 Will you spend your holidays abroad this year? 你今年去国外度假吗?（2）主语+及物动词＋动名词(作宾语)。此类及物动词(短语)有：advise, consider, avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practise, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off, insist on, give up, can’t help, stick to等。如：I suggested taking a walk. 我建议去散步。You should not give up studying. 你不该放弃学习。（3）主语+及物动词＋不定式(作宾语)。此类及物动词有：afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn, offer, plan, refuse等。如：I hope to go to college. 我希望上大学。The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. 公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。（4）既可接动名词又可接不定式的及物动词。如：remember to do sth.记住要做某事/remember doing sth.记得曾做过某事；stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事/stop doing sth.停止做某事；forget to do sth.忘记去做某事/forget doing sth.忘了做过某事；regret to do sth.遗憾去做某事/regret doing sth.后悔做了某事；go on to do sth.做完一件事接着做另一件事/go on doing sth.继续做同一件事；try to do sth. 试图做某事/try doing sth.尝试着做某事等。如：Did you remember to feed the birds?你记着喂鸟了吗？I remember feeding the birds. 我记得已喂了鸟。4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（主谓+双宾语结构）此句型中常见的接双宾语的动词：（1）用to变换间接宾语的动词：give, hand, offer, show, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend等。如：Could you give me the letter?或Could you give the letter to me? 你能把那封信递给我吗？Can you lend me that book? 或Can you lend that book to me? 你能把那本书借给我吗？（2）用for变换间接宾语的动词：make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, spare, fetch等。如：He bought me a bottle of ink. /He bought a bottle of ink for me.他为我买了一瓶墨水。Can you get me some stamps?或Can you get some stamps for me? 你能帮我拿些邮票吗？5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（主谓+复合宾语结构）此结构中宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词。此句型中常见的接宾语补足语的及物动词：（1）接名词作宾补的动词：find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。如：They usually call the baby Dick. 他们通常叫那婴儿Dick。I would make him king over the earth. 我会让他当世界之王。（2）接形容词作宾补的动词：keep, get, make, leave, find, paint, set, turn, drive, call, cut, consider等。如：She will make him happy. 她将使他幸福。Please cut the stick short. 请把这根棍子砍短。（3）接分词、省略to的动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词：see, notice, hear, watch, observe等。如：He left me waiting in the rain. 他让我在雨中等。（4）接副词、介词短语等作宾补的动词有leave, put等。如：The police put the thief in prison. 警察把这小偷关进了监狱。（5）有些动词后常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，这是英语中常用的句型,即"主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正的宾语"。常见动词有think, find, consider等。如：I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。节选自
【篇一】英语句子基本结构分析
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this claare girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The clais over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progrein English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)
He is in the room ma-ki-ng a model plane.(分词短语)
Wait a minute.(名词)
Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)
Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)
I shall go there if it doesn't rain.(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)
I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
【篇二】英语句子基本结构分析
英语语法看上去很复杂，很多句型要记，但其实只要深入研究，就会发现其实也不过是围绕这五个基本句子来展开，分别是：
S十V主谓结构
S十V十p主系表结构
S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
说明：S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语
五个基本句式详细解释如下：
十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi.)。例如：
He runs quickly.
他跑得快。
They listened carefully.
他们听得很仔细。
He suffered from cold and hunger.
他挨冻受饿。
China belongs to the third world country.
中国属于第三世界国家。
The gas has given out.
煤气用完了。
My ink has run out.
我的钢笔水用完了。
十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系动词(link v.)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：
He is older than he looks.
他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book.
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting.
这个故事听起来有趣。
The desk feels hard.
书桌摸起来很硬。
The cake tastes nice.
饼尝起来很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc.
花闻起来香甜。
You have grown taller than before.
你长得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill.
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still.
他静静地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up.
他长大后当了教师。
He could never turn traitor to his country.
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。
注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如：
He looked me up and down.
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant.
他伸出手来摸象。
They are tasting the fish.
他们在品尝鱼。
They grow rice in their home town.
他们在家乡种水稻。
He‘s got a chair to sit on.
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English.
请把这个句于泽成英语。
十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt.)，因此有宾语。例如：
I saw a film yesterday.
我昨天看了一部电影。
Have you read the story?
你读过这个故事吗?
They found their home easily.
他们很容易找到他们的家。
They built a house last year.
他们去年建了一所房子。
They‘ve put up a factory in the village.
他们在村里建了一座工厂。
They have taken good care of the children.
这些孩子他们照看得很好。
You should look after your children well.
你应该好好照看你的孩子。
十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get;rob，warn等。例如：
He gave me a book/a book to me.
他给我一本书。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.
他带给我一枝钢笔。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me.
他把座位让给我。
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
妈妈给我买了一本书。
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
他给我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me.
请帮我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me.
他问我个问题。
注意，下边动词只有一种说法：
They robbed the old man of his money.
他们抢了老人的钱。
He‘s warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危险。
The doctor has cured him of his disease.
医生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats.
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak.
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。
十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry.
他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day.
他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out.
我发现他出去了。
I saw him in.
我见他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand.
他们发现沙地上有脚印。
They named the boy Charlie.
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out.
我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now.
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him.
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
【篇三】英语句子基本结构分析
主谓宾结构：
1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等.主语一般
在句首.注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America.
He made a speech.
2、谓语：谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后.谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没
有宾语,形成主谓结构,
eg:We come.
Many changes took place in my home town.
注(以下这些词是不及物动词：表发生、出现的,如：take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如：com
e, go 等)
3、宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如：me,
him,them等.除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语.
eg：I will do it tomorrow.
The boy needs a pen.
(二)主系表结构：
1、主语：同‘主谓宾’结构.
2、谓语：联系动词(Link verb)：be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如：become成为,turn变
成,go变和感官动词如：feel, touch, hear, see等.其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词
或副词,既,不可能是宾语.
3、表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等.可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词.(1)当联系动词不是
be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别.
eg: He became a teacher at last.
His face turned red.
(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词
eg: He looks well.他面色好.
It sounds nice.这个听起来不错.
I feel good.我感觉好.
The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻.
例：Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
(三)There be 结构：
There be 表示‘存在有’.这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆.
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较：There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩.)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’.
英语中什么是主谓宾壮表等等的语言，最好有例子
To his astonishment, they haddisappeared.
英语划分句子成分的方法
如下：
1、主语 subject S
2、谓语 predicate V
3、表语 predicative P
4、宾语 object O
5、状语 adverbial a
6、定语 attribute attrib
简介：
主语是谓语的陈述对象，如“我写字”中的“我”就是主语，它做出“写”这个动作，“写”则是谓语，用来陈述主语的动作，而“字”是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象，它因此被称为宾语，有的语法书也称它为“客体”或“受体”。
主语是句子中的陈述对象，与英语语法也有相似之处。常常由名词、 代词、或 名词性短语充当。形容词、动词、 谓语性短语和 主谓短语也可充当主语。 句子成分划分时，主语符号为双横线。
英语中划分句子成分的窍门如下：
主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。
定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。
状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。
基本成分主谓宾，连带成分定状补。
定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。
1、主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
2、谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
3、表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
4、宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
5、宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
6、定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
7、状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。
英语在高中阶段是非常主要的科目，而学好英语对于很多高中生来说还有一定困难，那么如何学好英语呢?懂英语的句子最重要。下面我为大家整理一些英语句子的划分成分，希望对大家有帮助。
句子成分口诀：主谓宾定状补，句子成分要清楚。句子主干主谓宾，枝叶部分定状补。定语用在主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。还有助词的地得，帮助区分定状补。
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语。 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。 he likes watching tv.他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语。 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。 一般可分为两类： 1)， 简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。 可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 we study for the people.我们为人民学习。 2)，复合谓语：情态动词+不定式 i can speak a little english.我可以说一点英语。
3、表语。 表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。 my sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。
4、宾语。 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。 we like english.我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 he gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： we make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。
5、定语 。 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。 he is a new student.他是个新生。 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 the bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语。 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 he lives in london.
