摘要：
高中英语定语从句培训心得这个不用担心，定语从句是个重难点，到了高中老师自然要详细讲解的，同时还会让你们做是适量的习题巩固，到时候自然就掌握了，但有不懂的地方一定要弄清楚，现在要... 高中英语定语从句培训心得
这个不用担心，定语从句是个重难点，到了高中老师自然要详细讲解的，同时还会让你们做是适量的习题巩固，到时候自然就掌握了，但有不懂的地方一定要弄清楚，现在要对自己有信心，大家都在同一起跑线上嘛
需要注意介词固定动词，关系词，需要注意这些介词的作用，要熟练的掌握这些介词，才能在英语中得到高分，需要系统的从基础开始学习。
定语从句（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用， 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语） The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整） 2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。 e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。1）用that而不用 which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。 Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用which而不用 that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词 + 关系代词。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。 This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。3）as引导定语从句时的用法①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected. He made a long speech, which was unexpected.②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。 The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People’s Republic of China was founded.5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school. 其实不难的，只要用心学，掌握最基本的东西，以后学下去就轻松啦。一步一个脚印地学哦，呵呵，加油！
名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句,其功同名词一样. 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾. 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化.而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that.被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 (2) it is ＋形容词＋从句 (3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句 (4) it ＋过去分词＋从句 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首. (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前. (3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前. (4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前. (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前. 4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语．宾语．表语,而that 则不然. 定语从句也称为关系从句或形容词性从句,由关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（as, when, where, why）等引导.关系词除了起引导作用外,还在从句中指代前面的先行词,并在从句中担任一定的成分. 一、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 定语从句就其与先行词的关系而言,可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句.限定性定语从句和先行词之间没有逗号,表示对先行词起修饰限制作用；而非限定性定语从句和先行词之间有逗号分开,是对先行词进行补充说明,相当于并列句.如： He is the man who has strong personality. 他是个个性很强的人.（限定性定语从句） My brother, who works abroad, is coming next week. 我哥哥在国外工作,他下周将回来.（非限定性定语从句） 注：1. 非限定性定语从句不能用that来引导,一般用which,as或who（指人）.用which或as引导时,既可以修饰主句的部分内容,也可修饰主句的全部内容.如： He spoke confidently, which impressed me most. （which指代整个主句,在从句中作主语） 2. as引导的非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,但which或who引导的非限定性定语从句不能放在主句之前.如： As we all know, the moon is a satellite of the earth. The large area is covered with thick snow, which affects people's life greatly. 3. 在限定性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时可以省略；但在非限定性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语时不能省略.如： The film (which) I saw last night is about a young teacher. (which可以省去) She introduced me to her husband, whom I hadn’t met before. (whom不能省去) 二、通常只用关系代词that,不用 which,who或whom的几种情况 1. 当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, none, few等时.如： All that you want are here. 2. 当先行词被all, no, some, any, every, a few, a little, much, only, very等修饰时.如： There is no person that doesn’t make mistakes. 3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时.如： This is the best film that I have ever seen. 4. 当出现两个或两个以上的先行词,并同时兼指人和物时.如： We are talking about the people and countries that we have visited. 5. 当主句是以which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时.如： Who is the person that is standing over there? 6. 当定语从句为there be 句型时,关系代词只能用that,但经常可以省略.如： I know the difference (that) there is between you. 7. 当关系代词在从句中作表语时,常用that.如： He does not seem to be the man that he was. 他似乎和过去不一样了. 三、as 与其他词连用引导的定语从句 as 引导定语从句时,可指人也可指物,通常与the same,such,so等连用,形式为：the same… as,such… as,as …as,so… as.As在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等.如： She knew he felt just the same as she did. 她知道他的感觉与她自己的一样.(as代替事,作宾语) I lend you such books as will interest you. 我借给你使你感兴趣的书.(as代替物,作主语) 注：the same… as 和the same… that的用法不同.as引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物“相似”,指同类事物；that引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一个”,指同一事物.如： This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这和我昨天丢的笔一样.（类似的笔） This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这支笔就是我昨天丢的那支.（同一支笔） 四、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 在“介词+which/whom”结构中,介词的选择取决于三种情况： 1．定语从句中谓语动词或表语的搭配.如： This is the college in which I am studying. He is the man about whom we are talking. 2．先行词与介词的习惯搭配.如： The speed at which the machine operates is shown on the meter. 仪表上显示出这台机器运转的速度. 3．当定语从句为最高级时只能用of which; 否则用其他介词.如： I have five dictionaries of which Longman Dictionary is the best. I have five dictionaries among which Longman Dictionary is published in UK. 注：不可拆分的动词短语介词不能提前,如put up with；有的短语可能有不同的介词搭配,此时需要根据上下文来确定.如：be familiar with/to,compare with/to等. 有时为表意清楚,还可以在关系副词where/ when前加介词from, to等.如： China is the birthplace of kites, from where kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 中国是风筝的故乡,从这里,放风筝的运动传到了日本、韩国、泰国和印度.
高中英语定语从句培训
定语从句是高中英语的重要语法项目之一，它的结构和用法比较复杂。我们应从哪些方面有效地复习定语从句呢？下面就是我给大家带来的定语从句的用法讲解，希望大家喜欢！ [定语从句的种类] 定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是 句子 不可缺少的部分，如去掉主句意思就不完整或失去意义；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉也不会影响主句的意思。它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，一般不用that引导，关系词不可省略。如： This is the book that I want to read. （限制性） Tom’s father， who arrived just now， is a famous scientist. （非限制性） 非限制性定语从句的先行词成分可以是整个主句，非限制性定语从句常用which引导，修饰整个句子。定语从句的谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如： The weather turned out to be very good， which was more than we could expect. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所指代的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 在定语从句中，who和that既可作主语又可作宾语，whom只可作宾语（作宾语时可以省略）。如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you？ （who/that在从句中作主语） The man （whom/who/that） you spoke to just now is our English teacher. （whom/who/that在从句中作宾语，可省略） [whose] 在定语从句中作定语，可用来指人或物，表示物时相当于“the+名词+of+which”或“of+which+the+名词”。如：John， whose wife is ill， can’t come to the party. [which & that] which和that指代的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语等。如： Please show me the radio that/which you have just bought. （that/which在从句中作宾语，可省略） This is the film that/which created a great sensation. （that/which在从句中作主语） 只能用that而不能用which的情况： 1. 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。如：This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used. 2. 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。如：The first thing that we should do is to get some food. 3. 当先行词是anything， everything， nothing， something， few， all， none， little， some等不定代词时，或是由every， any， all， some， no， little， few， much等词修饰时。如：Tom told his father all that had happened. There is little that I can do for you. 4. 先行词既有人又有物时。如：They talked about the teachers and the schools that they knew. 5. 先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。如：This is the very book that I want to have. 6. 在which，who，whom引起的问句中，为避免重复。如：Who is the girl that talked to you yesterday？ 7. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如：China is not the country that it was. 只能用which，不能用that的情况： 1. 在非限制性定语从句中。如：Beijing， which is the capital of China， has a very long histroy. 2. 在介词后面，即“介词+which（指物）”。如：This is the house in which we lived three years ago. [as] 关系代词as代替的先行词是人或物的名词， 在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。 as引导限制性定语从句时，常和such， the same， as（so）连用， 构成such ... as， the same ... as， as/so ... as等结构，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。如： Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face. （在定语从句中作主语） I have the same trouble as you have. （在定语从句作宾语） It’s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. （在定语从句作宾语） 但是当先行词被the same修饰时，that也可以引导定语从句，但意义有所不同。the same ... as（指同样或同类的）， the same ... that（指同一个）。例如： This is the same watch as I lost. This is the same watch that I lost. as也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句或主句中的一部分，放在句首、句中或句末。如： As is known to us all， smoking is harmful to one’s health. （指代整个主句，在从句中做主语） He is late， as is often the case. （指代整个主句，在从句中做主语） Light， as everybody knows， travels much faster than sound. （指代整个主句，在从句中做宾语） as和which作关系代词的用法比较： which引导的非限定性定语从句只能放在主句之后，which指代前面的一个句子或主句中的某一成分；as引导的非限定性定语从句能放在主句之前、中、后，既可指前面已经提到的情况，也可指后面提到的情况。 as引导从句时，有“为人所熟知”的含义，which则没有这层意思。as引导的从句往往表示的是一种附加说明，which引导的从句一般是较为重要的陈述。如： His mother is ill， which makes him very sad. As is expected， the England team won the football match. [关系副词引导的定语从句] 关系副词when， where， why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语， 相当于“介词+which”结构。例如： I’ll never forget the time when/during which we worked in the factory. This is the village where /in which he was born. I don’t know the reason why/for which she looks unhappy today. [判定用关系代词还是用关系副词] 关系代词与关系副词的选用，应看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分：若作主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose，as等；若作状语， 就用where， when， why等关系副词。如： The reason why I’m writing is to tell you about a party on Sunday. （状语） The reason that/which he gave us sounded reasonable. （宾语） Pisa is a city， which has a leaning tower. （主语） Pisa is a city， where there is a leaning tower. （状语） [介词+关系代词] 当关系代词作介词宾语时，就出现了“介词+关系代词”的结构引导定语从句的现象。当先行词指物时用“介词+which”，指人时用“介词+whom”，且关系代词不能省略。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题： 1. 介词的确定可以根据整个句意来确定。 Oxygen is a kind of gas， without which we couldn’t live. 2. 介词可以根据与先行词的搭配来确定。 He gave me the book for which he paid a lot of money. （动词与介词搭配） 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded. （名词与介词搭配） The snake， of which she used to be afraid， is her favorite animal now. （形容词与介词搭配） 定语从句的用法讲解相关 文章 ： 1. 英语中as引导的定语从句的相关讲解 2. 定语从句中关系词的用法讲解 3. 英语定语从句的用法 4. 英语数词的分类和用法 5. 高中英语语法知识总结:定语从句 6. 考点初中英语定语从句的用法 7. 非限制性定语从句的用法讲解 8. 英语语法:定语从句 9. 定语从句语法知识点汇总
定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。以下是专门为你收集整理的高中英语定语从句教案，供参考阅读！ 高中英语定语从句教案 Ⅰ. 定义 定语从句，起形容词的作用，在句中常用来修饰名词或代词。被修饰的.词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词, 关系词的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起引导作用;二是在意义上代替先行词,并在从句中充当一个成分。其中关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as；关系副词：when, where, why。 eg. She is the girl who sings best of all. The pen which my uncle gave me is missing. He lives in a house whose windows face south. The factory where my father works is in the east of the city. Perhaps the day will come when people will be able to breathe clean air in cities. Ⅱ. 关系代词 1.先行词是人，作主语，关系代词用who, that eg. He is a man（ ） never leaves today’s work till tomorrow. The boy ( ) is standing there is my cousin. 2. 先行词是人，作宾语，关系代词用 whom, who, that, eg. Here is the man ( ) you’ve been expecting to meet. The man ( ) you met yesterday is Mr. Smith. 3. 先行词是物，作主语，关系代词用which, that eg . The train （ ） has just left is for Guangzhou. Children like to read books ( ) have wonderful pictures. 4. 先行词是物，作宾语，关系代词用which, that,或省略 eg. The book ( ) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting. The pen ( ) my uncle gave me is missing. 5. 先行词是人、物，作定语，关系代词用whose eg. He is the professor ( ) name was Jackson. China, （ ） population is the largest in the world, is developing very fast. Ⅲ. 关系副词 1.先行词是表示时间的名词，在定从中作时间状语，关系代词用when eg. I can’t remember the date ( ) he went abroad. I’ll never forget the day ( ) I joined the army. 2.先行词是表示地点的名词，在定从中作地点状语，关系代词用where; 其中注意表示抽象概念的地点名词，如，situation、stage、degree、point等表示方面或程度时，也需用where eg. This is the village （ ） Uncle Wang once lived. They have reached the point ( ) they have to separate with each other. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ( ) he is likely to lose control over the plane. 3. 先行词是reason，在定从中作原因状语，关系代词用why eg. I don’t know the reason ( ) he was late. None of us know the reason ( ) Tom was absent from the meeting. 4.引导定语从句的关系副词也可以用“适当介词 + which”来代替。 eg. October 1, 1949 was the day when （ = ） the People’s Republic of China was founded. This is the factory where（= ） we worked a year ago. I don’t believe the reason why (= ) he was late for school. Ⅳ. 关系代词that & which的区别: ⒈ 只用that的情况 ① 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时。 eg. There is nothing ( ) can prevent him from doing it. ② 先行词被any, only, few, no, very, little 等修饰时。 eg. This is the very book ( ) I’m looking for. ③ 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 eg. The first place ( ) they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. This is the best film ( ) I have ever seen. ④ 先行词既有人又有物时。 eg. He talked about things and persons ( ) they remembered in the school. ⑤ 先行词被the only, the very修饰时。 eg. Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ( ) he knows. ⑥ 句中已有who或which,为了避免重复时。 eg. Who is the man ( ) is standing beside Tom? ⒉ 不能用 that的情况： ① 引导非限制性定语从句； eg. He had failed in the maths exam , ( ) made his father very angry. ② 介词 + 关系代词。 eg. This is the room in（ ） my father lived last year. Ⅴ. as引导定语从句时的用法(as 相当于that & which) ① as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。 eg. This is the same book ( ) I lent you. Such machines ( ) are used in our workshop are made in China. ② as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，位置灵活，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。 eg. ( ) I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. Taiwan, ( ) we all know, belongs to China. Ⅵ. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的主要区别: 限制性定语从句: 一般紧跟在先行词后面,不用逗号把从句与先行词分隔开来。使先行词的意思十分明确,成为特定的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分,少了它句子就会失去意义不能成立,或意思不清楚,不能说明问题。通常译为定语。 非限制性定语从句: 通常由逗号与句子其他成分隔开。只是对先行词作进一步的说明,没有它句子仍能成立,意思仍很清楚。通常译为并列的句子。 eg. I was the only person in our office （ ） was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整） Tom’s father, （ ） is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（整个句子可分成两句来翻译） Ⅶ. 分隔定语从句 即先行词与关系代词、副词之间被介词短语，同位语，谓语等分隔开来。 此种定语从句，在选择关系词时，要注意找准先行词。 eg. There is an expression in his eyes （ ）I can’t understand. I was the only person in my office ( ) was invited to the important ball. I suggest you choose someone I think ( ) is very kind and friendly. 选择填空： 1. It was April 29,2011 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. A. that B. when C. since D. before 2.)Gutter oil is illegally recycled cooking oil, contains chemicals that are harmful to the human body and can even cause cancer. A. it B. which C. where D. that 3. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which 4. The old town has narrow streets and small houses are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that 5. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while 6. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ------- uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 7. A bank is the place they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. A. when B. that C. where D. there 8. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ------ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 9 Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ------ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which 10. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ------ had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 11. The school shop, customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. A. which B. whose C. when D. where 12.He was so pleased with all we had done for him he wrote us a letter to praise for it. A. what; what B. what; that C. that; what D. that; that 13.The moon travels round the earth once every month, is known to everybody. A. it B. as C. that D. what 14. is often the case with elder people, my grandma, talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop. A. That B. Which C. As D. It 15.After graduating from high school, you will reach a point in your life ------- you need to decide what to do. A. that B. what C. which D. where 16.The novel was completed in 1978, the economic system has seen great changes. A. when B. during which C. since thenD. since when 17.Books bring us into the presence of the greatest minds have ever lived. A. which B. who C.不填 D. that 18.The world is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in 19.David is such a good boy all the teachers like. A. that B. who C. as D. whom 20.Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained 21.He was very angry and I can still remember the way he spoke to me. A. how B. that C. what D. which 22.That’s the new machine parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 23.I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ------- I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which
高中英语定语从句宾语从句
宾语从句和定语从句的区别：宾语从句：只有主语+谓语动词，缺少宾语，整个从句充当句子宾语，（从句前面是一个动词）。定语从句是：主谓宾完整，整个从句作为定语补充说明宾语这个先行词，（从句前面是一个名词）。定语从句结构定语从句公式:定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句先行词，指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词。一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。关系词关系词常有3个作用：①连接作用，连接主句和定语从句。②指代先行词。③在定语从句中担当成分。宾语从句时态主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.主句是一般过去时，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实真理时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that … 事实是… It is an honor that …非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that …是常识 (2) it is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that… 很自然… It is strange that… 奇怪的是… (3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that… 似乎… It happened that… 碰巧… (4) it ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong) (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) 4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation. 二．宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。 1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如： I heard that be joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： 1) She did not know what had happened. 2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation. 2. 作介词的宾语 例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容词的宾语 例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。 4. It 可以作为形式宾语 It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month.. 5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如： I admire their winning the match. (right) I admire that they won the match. (wrong) 6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right) He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong) 7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。） 三．表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如： 1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people 3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 四．同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： 1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如： 1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分） 参考资料：
宾语从句，就是宾语的位置，用了一句具有完整结构的话来代替，比如说，我想知道xx，xx可以是一句话：你多大了。定语从句，就是我想知道一件事，这句话中，用一句话来对一件事这个宾语做修饰或解释，比如：我想知道一件事，这件事它是惊喜的。两者区别就是，一个用一句话来代替宾语，原句没有出现名词之类的单独宾语。一个就是原局中出现了，宾语，宾语后面跟了一句话去解释补充这个宾语。相同的是，两者都要用关键词开头，。
状语从句：时间，地点，原因，方式，条件，比较，结果，目的，让步，共九种定语从句；限定性，非限定性两种名词性定语从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，
英语高中定语从句
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定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。 一、 限定性定语从句 1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢 3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 6. when引导定语从句表示时间 〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格 8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导二、非限定性定语从句： 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。 I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。 We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。 3. 有时as也可用作关系代词 4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物三、定语从句结构错误 1. 缺关系词 2. 从句中缺成分 摘自《简明英语语法》 在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别： 限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如： Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located . 为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。 Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。 They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before. 他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。 例如： Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy . （此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。） 更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。 The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center . （此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为： The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。 The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。 The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句： The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。二、定语从句用法详细讲解 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。三、初中定语从句的讲解与练习 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系 代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书 3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I"ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
定语从句，一个句子跟在一名词或代词（先行词）后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。
定语从句
先举个栗子：I like the book that I bought yesterday（我喜欢昨天买的那本书）
这个就是由that引导的定语从句。
那么，怎么看一个句子是不是定语从句呢？
还是那上面的句子做分析
I like the book that（which） I bought yesterday
先划主谓宾 i like the book、我喜欢一本书
那book后面是什么东西呢？从中文意思来看，是指那本昨天买的书。那就是修饰的book了。定语从句就是修饰一个单词，或者一个句子
小秘诀：
1.刚入门不是很会判别定语从句，先用上面的方法划主谓宾，用中文意思判断是不是，当然熟了之后一眼就能看出来了
2.定语从句最常见是由that，which，who 引导的（还有一些关系代词副词）
3.判断是定语从句后，被修饰的词语是物体的时候，用that和which无所谓，但是，如果有逗号，就必须写which
举个例子：I got good grades，which makes me happy. 得了高分（这件事）让我很高兴
搞定上面定语从句就算入门了
不懂可以追问。
我是高三狗。
定语从句高中英语
定语从句又称为关系从句，是最常见的从句之一。每年高考题对之均有考查，下面谈一谈定语从句在教学中几个值得注意的问题，供大家参考。 一、定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性 定语从句中关系代词一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致。例如： The students who were here just now are from No,2 Senior Middle School. 但注意下列一组句子： He is the only one of the students who was here just now. He is one of the students who were here just now. 如果"one of +复数名词"后跟有定语从句，一般情况下"one of"后的复数名词为先行词，但当one前有the only,the very,just the修饰时，先行词则为one。 二、定语从句与强调结构 It is the place where they lived before. It is in the place that they lived before. 第一个句子为定语从句，where指代the place,在定语从句中作状语，第二个句子为强调结构，强调in the place,that没有意义，把in the place 放回后面句子，句子意思完整。 Where is it that he found the lost watch?(强调句型，强调疑问副词where)。 Where is the watch that he found yesterday.(定语从句，that指代the watch) 三、定语从句与并列结构 He has two sons,neither of whom looks like him. He has two sons,and neither of them looks like him. I've got two sisters.Both of them are in Shanghai. 第一个句子为定语从句，关系代词whom指代two sons,在定语从名中介词of的宾语。第二个句子为并列结构，由并列连词and连接，人称代词them指代two sons。第三个为两个独立的句子，两个句子中间用句号，两句开头的处一个字母都大写。 四、定语从句与状语从句 He found the books where he had put. He found the books in the place where he had put. 第一个句子为状语从句，where he had put 作主句He found the books 的地点状语。第二个句子为定语从句，where引导从句修饰the place。 This is such an interesting book that I'dlike to read it. This is such an interesting book as I'd like to read. 第一个句子为结果状语从句，在结果状语从句中，it指代book,作read的宾语。第二个句子为定语从句，关系代词as指代先行词book的定语从句中read的宾语。 五、定语从句中的先行词 Is this book the one that you bought yesterday? Is this the book that you bought yesterday? 第一个句子中，this book是主句的主语，the one 是先行词。在第二个句子中this是主句的主语，the book是先行词。一定要避免出现：Is this book that you bought yesterday? 六、定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用，而同位语从句则相当于名词，它对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释，即说明该词所表示的具体内容。例如： The news that we heard is not true.(定语从句) The news that he won the prize is not true.(同位语从句) 另：在"have no idea+从句"结构中，其从句都作idea的同位语。例如： I have no idea when she will be back.
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定语从句
先举个栗子：I like the book that I bought yesterday（我喜欢昨天买的那本书）
这个就是由that引导的定语从句。
那么，怎么看一个句子是不是定语从句呢？
还是那上面的句子做分析
I like the book that（which） I bought yesterday
先划主谓宾 i like the book、我喜欢一本书
那book后面是什么东西呢？从中文意思来看，是指那本昨天买的书。那就是修饰的book了。定语从句就是修饰一个单词，或者一个句子
小秘诀：
1.刚入门不是很会判别定语从句，先用上面的方法划主谓宾，用中文意思判断是不是，当然熟了之后一眼就能看出来了
2.定语从句最常见是由that，which，who 引导的（还有一些关系代词副词）
3.判断是定语从句后，被修饰的词语是物体的时候，用that和which无所谓，但是，如果有逗号，就必须写which
举个例子：I got good grades，which makes me happy. 得了高分（这件事）让我很高兴
搞定上面定语从句就算入门了
不懂可以追问。
我是高三狗。
if就交房费就放假发就发饭卡快发快发看
