本文作者:小思

高中英语短文改错的技巧

小思 09-18 23
高中英语短文改错的技巧摘要: 英语高中短文改错的技巧一. 动词形主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:My favourite sport is football....

英语高中短文改错的技巧

一. 动词形

主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:

My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)

Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)

上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。

二. 名词数

指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如:

so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)

三. 区分形和副

及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如:

Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)

Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)

需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。

四. 非谓动词细辨别

这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:

in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)

Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also(playing)

My parents love me and will do all they can ∧ make sure (to)

上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。

五. 习惯用法要记住

主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。例如:

It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and (of)

We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)

六. 句子成分多分析

不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:

They ∧eager to know everything about China and (were)

I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)

第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。

七. 逻辑错误须关注

与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:

The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)

First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)

no way of setting the matter except by selling the someone at home reads instead. (everyone)

上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表再的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说再告诉你一些事?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,我们把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。

除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如:

She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)

It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)

We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)

下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做,然后参阅题后的答案与简析。

Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei

Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,its famous 76. _____

Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____

Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____

the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____

climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80. _____

and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture

since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____

Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____

of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____

good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____

head touched the pillow.

答案与简析:

76. famous前加上a.(名词数)

77. 正确

78. we前面加when,引导一个时间状语从句。(句子成分多分析)

79. themus (逻辑错误须关注)

80. visitingvisited(非谓动词细辨别)

81. picturepictures(名词数)

82. passespassed(动词形)

83. 去掉down(习惯用法要记住)

84. andbut(but,and,or和so)

85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住)

形容词和副词

1.“as+形容词+(a/an)+名词+as”表示同级比较,注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。

It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。

2.“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”与“not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”表示同级比较,即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。

The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.

这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。

3.“the+比较级+of the two +名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”。

The taller of the two boys is my brother.

两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。

形容词比较级+n.……

After two years’ research,we have a far better understanding of the disease.

研究两年之后,现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。

We went to the USA in search of a better life.

为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。

5.比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit 等。

The students study even harder than before.

学生们学习比以前更努力了。

A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.

汽车比自行车跑得快得多。

6.最高级

(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。

The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.

目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。

I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.

我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。

(2)否定词+比较级=最高级。

There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.

为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。

—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?

——你对他在会议上说的满意吗?

— couldn’t have been worse.

——不,不能再差了。

7.表示倍数的句型:

(1)A is+倍数+比较级+than+B

(2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B

(3)A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height 等)+of+B

(4)A is+倍数+that+of+B

(5)A is+倍数+what 引导的名词性从句

①This building is three times higher than that one.

This building is three times as high as that one.

This building is three times the height of that one.

这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。

②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.

=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.

今年的产量是2008年的三倍。

③After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.

自从新技术被引进以后,这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。

8、形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。

1)性质形容词有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot

2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid,

afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake, well,unwell,ill,faint等。

3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:something nice

9、以-ly结尾的形容词

1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

The Times is a daily paper.

The Times is published daily.

10、用形容词表示类别和整体

1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。

The poor are losing hope.

2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。

the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.

The English have wonderful sense of humor.

多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

11、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词+数量词(序前基后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料

those + three + beautiful + large + square+ old + brown + wood + table s

2误区提醒

1.形近、意近词的混用 2. 形容词的句法功能用错 3.复合形容词的构成不熟悉4.多个形容词作定语时排序不清 5.形容词的比较等级用错

【典型例题】:

1) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone

C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old

解析:错选B。 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。正确答案A.

2)It’s a relief for us to know that something _____ is being done to rebuild the schools destroyed in the quake.

A. competitive B. passive C. sensitive D. positive

解析:因形近形容词分辨不清而错选其他。根据题意,本句话表达“我们了解到,为了重建在地震中被破坏的学校,正在采取一些积极的措施”。空处应填“积极的”,正确答案为D。

3)--- Our women athletes achieved great success in the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games.

--- Yes. No one could have a_____ performance,I think.

B. better C. best D. the best

解析:因形容词比较等级用法没掌握好而错选C. 此处应用比较级表最高级意思。正确答案为B。

1.名词:单复数用错,可数与不可数名词的混用。大多数短文改错都会有此类的错误。如:Hapy birthday, Peter; and mary happyp retumof the day! (2000北京春考),此句中reum虽然可以作可数名词也可做不可数名词,但此处显然为可数名词,故应用其复数,retumns。2.动词:时态和语态,常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时,中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象;或是及物动词后无宾语,或是不及物动词后加了宾语;需要接ing形式的接了to, 或相反等。如:Around the world young people are spending a lot of money in listening pop music.本句中listen是不及物动词,不能直接接宾语,应在其后加to。3.形容词副词:常出现需形容词的地方用了副词或相反;关系副词where, when wty等的缺失或错用,如:(1) Iwould describe myself as shry (NMET 2004)句中副词quiety应改为形容词quiet4.介词:主要是介词的多余或缺失,错用。这一部分需要平时多 多积累,弄清常用介词的搭配。 We musteep in mind thatwe play forthe team istaed (NMET 1998) 此句中instead和ouselves之间需加上of,因为instead是副词,本身不可以接名词。5.主谓一致性:第三人称单数漏掉s,或主语为复数,谓语动词用了单数;再就是就近原则对主语的影响。Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the libary. (NMET 2000)0此句中主语是my pictureand the prize, is应改为.冠词:定冠词the的多余或缺失,如季节,月份,星期,球类及三餐活动,称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the,或是samne等常和the一起使用的词却漏税掉了the; a an的混用,特别注意: hou, honest等虽然首字母不是元音字母,但其发音却是以元音素开头,故用an,而useful, univesit, Eupean, one-hour等虽然首字母是元音字母,但却以辅音音素开头,故用a如:As everyone knows, it's Tamous moutain with all kinds of plants and animals. 76 (NMET2002)此处frrous前应加,上冠词a7.数词:主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用,如分数的分子大于-时分母没有用复数等,基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of,几千thousandsof漏掉了s,或是当其前有具体数字。8.连词:不合句中的逻辑关系。如需转折连词(如 but)的时候用了承接连词(so),或相反等等。如: The food was expensive and the service was (NMET 2002)根据句意,此句中连词and应改为but。9.代词:主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词,单数用了复数代词或相反;应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格,主格或相反,关系代词的错用或缺失。如只能用that引导的用了其它,或在不能用that的地方却用了that, 或是在“介词+关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词等。如: .. I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate arything into (NMET 2003)此句中不定代词anything应改为everything10.常用固定短语或固定用法用错。Before my classmates, it sers always dificult for me to do things well as them78 (NMET2004)此句中, well 前应加as,as well as是固定搭配

高考英语短文改错是可以拉开成绩的一道题,很多考生没有掌握英语短文改错的答题技巧,从而失去不少分数,下面是我为大家整理的高考英语短文改错的技巧,希望大家喜欢。

通读全文,了解短文大意,把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑,尤其是有的行文逻辑方面的错误在看单句时难以发现错误(比如前文用mike,后文代词用she等)。在通读全文时把一些容易的错误先改好,再进行分句改错。

分局阅读,逐行找错,在完成第一步后,要进行逐行主句的改错。这是要对文中的词法、句法和语篇角度着重分析和特别注意。

最后把改好的短文再阅读一遍,检查答案是否正确,感觉不对的地方及时调整。

1.时态错误:每年高考短文改错中都有时态错误。因此要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。

2.主谓错误:在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时,还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持了一致。

3.指代错误:对于高考英语短文改错中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用,注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致,包括人称代词、指标代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常设的改错题。

4.形容词和副词错误:系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully timetogether. (time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰) Mypronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容词,terribly改为terrible.)

5. 代词错误:代词的主格和宾格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning toexpress me in simple English. (me 改为myself) One dayI wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it) If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other wouldhelp him out. (other后加s) What’smore, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care ofhim. (him改为them)

6. 连词错误:连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/ or/but等。关于连词,一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。 I havea good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式,改为whose) I teachthem, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折,but改为and) Cleveras she is, but she works very hard.(as意为“尽管”,不能再跟but连用,所以去掉but)

高中英语短文改错的技巧

1.名词:单复数用错,可数与不可数名词的混用。大多数短文改错都会有此类的错误。如:Hapy birthday, Peter; and mary happyp retumof the day! (2000北京春考),此句中reum虽然可以作可数名词也可做不可数名词,但此处显然为可数名词,故应用其复数,retumns。2.动词:时态和语态,常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时,中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象;或是及物动词后无宾语,或是不及物动词后加了宾语;需要接ing形式的接了to, 或相反等。如:Around the world young people are spending a lot of money in listening pop music.本句中listen是不及物动词,不能直接接宾语,应在其后加to。3.形容词副词:常出现需形容词的地方用了副词或相反;关系副词where, when wty等的缺失或错用,如:(1) Iwould describe myself as shry (NMET 2004)句中副词quiety应改为形容词quiet4.介词:主要是介词的多余或缺失,错用。这一部分需要平时多 多积累,弄清常用介词的搭配。 We musteep in mind thatwe play forthe team istaed (NMET 1998) 此句中instead和ouselves之间需加上of,因为instead是副词,本身不可以接名词。5.主谓一致性:第三人称单数漏掉s,或主语为复数,谓语动词用了单数;再就是就近原则对主语的影响。Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the libary. (NMET 2000)0此句中主语是my pictureand the prize, is应改为.冠词:定冠词the的多余或缺失,如季节,月份,星期,球类及三餐活动,称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the,或是samne等常和the一起使用的词却漏税掉了the; a an的混用,特别注意: hou, honest等虽然首字母不是元音字母,但其发音却是以元音素开头,故用an,而useful, univesit, Eupean, one-hour等虽然首字母是元音字母,但却以辅音音素开头,故用a如:As everyone knows, it's Tamous moutain with all kinds of plants and animals. 76 (NMET2002)此处frrous前应加,上冠词a7.数词:主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用,如分数的分子大于-时分母没有用复数等,基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of,几千thousandsof漏掉了s,或是当其前有具体数字。8.连词:不合句中的逻辑关系。如需转折连词(如 but)的时候用了承接连词(so),或相反等等。如: The food was expensive and the service was (NMET 2002)根据句意,此句中连词and应改为but。9.代词:主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词,单数用了复数代词或相反;应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格,主格或相反,关系代词的错用或缺失。如只能用that引导的用了其它,或在不能用that的地方却用了that, 或是在“介词+关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词等。如: .. I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate arything into (NMET 2003)此句中不定代词anything应改为everything10.常用固定短语或固定用法用错。Before my classmates, it sers always dificult for me to do things well as them78 (NMET2004)此句中, well 前应加as,as well as是固定搭配

一. 动词形

主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:

My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)

Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)

上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。

二. 名词数

指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如:

so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)

三. 区分形和副

及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如:

Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)

Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)

需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。

四. 非谓动词细辨别

这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:

in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)

Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also(playing)

My parents love me and will do all they can ∧ make sure (to)

上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。

五. 习惯用法要记住

主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。例如:

It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and (of)

We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)

六. 句子成分多分析

不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:

They ∧eager to know everything about China and (were)

I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)

第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。

七. 逻辑错误须关注

与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:

The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)

First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)

no way of setting the matter except by selling the someone at home reads instead. (everyone)

上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表再的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说再告诉你一些事?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,我们把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。

除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如:

She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)

It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)

We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)

下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做,然后参阅题后的答案与简析。

Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei

Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,its famous 76. _____

Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____

Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____

the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____

climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80. _____

and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture

since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____

Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____

of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____

good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____

head touched the pillow.

答案与简析:

76. famous前加上a.(名词数)

77. 正确

78. we前面加when,引导一个时间状语从句。(句子成分多分析)

79. themus (逻辑错误须关注)

80. visitingvisited(非谓动词细辨别)

81. picturepictures(名词数)

82. passespassed(动词形)

83. 去掉down(习惯用法要记住)

84. andbut(but,and,or和so)

85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住)

形容词和副词

1.“as+形容词+(a/an)+名词+as”表示同级比较,注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。

It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。

2.“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”与“not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”表示同级比较,即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。

The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.

这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。

3.“the+比较级+of the two +名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”。

The taller of the two boys is my brother.

两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。

形容词比较级+n.……

After two years’ research,we have a far better understanding of the disease.

研究两年之后,现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。

We went to the USA in search of a better life.

为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。

5.比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit 等。

The students study even harder than before.

学生们学习比以前更努力了。

A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.

汽车比自行车跑得快得多。

6.最高级

(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。

The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.

目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。

I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.

我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。

(2)否定词+比较级=最高级。

There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.

为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。

—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?

——你对他在会议上说的满意吗?

— couldn’t have been worse.

——不,不能再差了。

7.表示倍数的句型:

(1)A is+倍数+比较级+than+B

(2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B

(3)A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height 等)+of+B

(4)A is+倍数+that+of+B

(5)A is+倍数+what 引导的名词性从句

①This building is three times higher than that one.

This building is three times as high as that one.

This building is three times the height of that one.

这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。

②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.

=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.

今年的产量是2008年的三倍。

③After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.

自从新技术被引进以后,这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。

8、形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。

1)性质形容词有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot

2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid,

afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake, well,unwell,ill,faint等。

3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:something nice

9、以-ly结尾的形容词

1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

The Times is a daily paper.

The Times is published daily.

10、用形容词表示类别和整体

1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。

The poor are losing hope.

2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。

the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.

The English have wonderful sense of humor.

多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

11、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词+数量词(序前基后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料

those + three + beautiful + large + square+ old + brown + wood + table s

2误区提醒

1.形近、意近词的混用 2. 形容词的句法功能用错 3.复合形容词的构成不熟悉4.多个形容词作定语时排序不清 5.形容词的比较等级用错

【典型例题】:

1) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone

C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old

解析:错选B。 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。正确答案A.

2)It’s a relief for us to know that something _____ is being done to rebuild the schools destroyed in the quake.

A. competitive B. passive C. sensitive D. positive

解析:因形近形容词分辨不清而错选其他。根据题意,本句话表达“我们了解到,为了重建在地震中被破坏的学校,正在采取一些积极的措施”。空处应填“积极的”,正确答案为D。

3)--- Our women athletes achieved great success in the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games.

--- Yes. No one could have a_____ performance,I think.

B. better C. best D. the best

解析:因形容词比较等级用法没掌握好而错选C. 此处应用比较级表最高级意思。正确答案为B。

1、形容词与副词的误用。如exciting与excited,hard与hardly,possible与possibly,here与there等,以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。

2、名词的单复数误用。如在several,many,various,different,a few,one of等之后,常用名词的复数,在every与each之后常用单数。

3、代词的误用。如you与your,it’s与its,it与they或them,one与ones,宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等的误用。

4、介词的误用、缺少或多余。常见的如in 与on,to与for,instead与instead of,because与because of等的误用。

5、时态的错误。看一篇文章,要有一种大局观,要上前下挂,看看上下文的时态是否一致。

6、连词的误用。如or与and的误用,and与but的误用,so与but的误用,because或since与so连用,though与but连用等。

7、第三人称单数后的动词形式。

8、一些固定结构的误用。如so.。。that被误用作very.。。that,too.。。to被误用very.。。to,as.。。as被误作so.。。as等。

9、定语从句中,which,that,when,where等混淆不清。

10、一些常用词,如what与how,except与besides,any与some以及它们的合成词如any-thing与something,anywhere与somewhere等混淆不清。

高中英语短文改错技巧图

很多高中生在做英语改错题的时候不知道怎么答题 ,往往在改错部分丢分严重,下面我为大家整理了英语短文改错套路以及相关答题技巧,供参考!

1.谓语动词:①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致;④缺少动词,特别是be动词;⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。

2.名词:单复数错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用。

3.连词:连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/or/but等。关于连词,一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。

4.冠词:误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)

5.形容词和副词:系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。

6.代词:代词的主格和宾格(i/me;he/him;she/her;we/usthey/them)错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。

7.非谓语动词:不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。

8.介词:词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用

9.数词:主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用,以及hundred,thousand,dozen,score等词和具体数量词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。

10.上下文的逻辑关系:but,and,so,however,otherwise等一些并列连词和连接副词的误用。before,after,when,until,since等状语从句引导词的误用等。还有肯定和否定的误用等。

一、答题前先8看:

1.句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个句子要有动词;

2. 谓语动词的时态、语态;

3.非谓语动词的用法;

4.名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确;

5.定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;

6.代词的格和性的使用是否有误;

7.定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误;

8.并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。

二、短文改错答题4原则:

1.改动以最少为原则;

2.虚词以添加或删除为原则;

3.实词以改变词形为原则;

4.以保持句子原意为原则。

答题步骤:通读全文,掌握大意; 整句分析,逐行推敲。

考点1关联词使用不当

[典例1] After looking at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015·全国Ⅱ)

分析句意为:他转过身发现父母不见了。由句意可知宾语从句句意完整,不缺少成分,所以应该用that引导从句或省略。故去掉where或将where改为that。

[典例2] There the air is clean or the mountains are green.(2015·全国Ⅰ)

分析两个简单句之间为并列关系而非选择关系,所以将or改为and。

考点2多余或缺少连词

[典例1] Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)

分析在让步状语从句中,although不可以与but连用,因为although位于句首,故只能去掉but或将but改为yet。

[典例2] He had a deep voice,which set him apart from others in our small town,he was strong and powerful.(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ)

分析句中which引导的是定语从句,修饰主句He had a deep voice,而主句与从句后的分句he was strong and powerful之间缺少连词,根据他们的并列关系,确定he前加and。

考点3介词与连词混用

[典例] In fact,he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ)

分析句中during为介词,不可以连接两个独立谓语的句子,根据逻辑关系,后一个分句应为when引导的时间状语从句。故during应改为when。

高考英语短文改错是可以拉开成绩的一道题,很多考生没有掌握英语短文改错的答题技巧,从而失去不少分数,下面是我为大家整理的高考英语短文改错的技巧,希望大家喜欢。

通读全文,了解短文大意,把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑,尤其是有的行文逻辑方面的错误在看单句时难以发现错误(比如前文用mike,后文代词用she等)。在通读全文时把一些容易的错误先改好,再进行分句改错。

分局阅读,逐行找错,在完成第一步后,要进行逐行主句的改错。这是要对文中的词法、句法和语篇角度着重分析和特别注意。

最后把改好的短文再阅读一遍,检查答案是否正确,感觉不对的地方及时调整。

1.时态错误:每年高考短文改错中都有时态错误。因此要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。

2.主谓错误:在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时,还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持了一致。

3.指代错误:对于高考英语短文改错中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用,注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致,包括人称代词、指标代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常设的改错题。

4.形容词和副词错误:系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully timetogether. (time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰) Mypronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容词,terribly改为terrible.)

5. 代词错误:代词的主格和宾格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning toexpress me in simple English. (me 改为myself) One dayI wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it) If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other wouldhelp him out. (other后加s) What’smore, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care ofhim. (him改为them)

6. 连词错误:连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/ or/but等。关于连词,一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。 I havea good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式,改为whose) I teachthem, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折,but改为and) Cleveras she is, but she works very hard.(as意为“尽管”,不能再跟but连用,所以去掉but)

一. 动词形

主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:

My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)

Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)

上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。

二. 名词数

指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如:

so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)

三. 区分形和副

及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如:

Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)

Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)

需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。

四. 非谓动词细辨别

这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:

in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)

Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also(playing)

My parents love me and will do all they can ∧ make sure (to)

上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。

五. 习惯用法要记住

主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。例如:

It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and (of)

We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)

六. 句子成分多分析

不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:

They ∧eager to know everything about China and (were)

I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)

第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。

七. 逻辑错误须关注

与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:

The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)

First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)

no way of setting the matter except by selling the someone at home reads instead. (everyone)

上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表再的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说再告诉你一些事?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,我们把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。

除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如:

She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)

It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)

We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)

下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做,然后参阅题后的答案与简析。

Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei

Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,its famous 76. _____

Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____

Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____

the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____

climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80. _____

and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture

since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____

Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____

of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____

good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____

head touched the pillow.

答案与简析:

76. famous前加上a.(名词数)

77. 正确

78. we前面加when,引导一个时间状语从句。(句子成分多分析)

79. themus (逻辑错误须关注)

80. visitingvisited(非谓动词细辨别)

81. picturepictures(名词数)

82. passespassed(动词形)

83. 去掉down(习惯用法要记住)

84. andbut(but,and,or和so)

85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住)

形容词和副词

1.“as+形容词+(a/an)+名词+as”表示同级比较,注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。

It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。

2.“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”与“not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”表示同级比较,即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。

The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.

这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。

3.“the+比较级+of the two +名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”。

The taller of the two boys is my brother.

两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。

形容词比较级+n.……

After two years’ research,we have a far better understanding of the disease.

研究两年之后,现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。

We went to the USA in search of a better life.

为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。

5.比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit 等。

The students study even harder than before.

学生们学习比以前更努力了。

A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.

汽车比自行车跑得快得多。

6.最高级

(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。

The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.

目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。

I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.

我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。

(2)否定词+比较级=最高级。

There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.

为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。

—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?

——你对他在会议上说的满意吗?

— couldn’t have been worse.

——不,不能再差了。

7.表示倍数的句型:

(1)A is+倍数+比较级+than+B

(2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B

(3)A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height 等)+of+B

(4)A is+倍数+that+of+B

(5)A is+倍数+what 引导的名词性从句

①This building is three times higher than that one.

This building is three times as high as that one.

This building is three times the height of that one.

这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。

②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.

=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.

今年的产量是2008年的三倍。

③After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.

自从新技术被引进以后,这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。

8、形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。

1)性质形容词有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot

2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid,

afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake, well,unwell,ill,faint等。

3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:something nice

9、以-ly结尾的形容词

1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

The Times is a daily paper.

The Times is published daily.

10、用形容词表示类别和整体

1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。

The poor are losing hope.

2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。

the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.

The English have wonderful sense of humor.

多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

11、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词+数量词(序前基后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料

those + three + beautiful + large + square+ old + brown + wood + table s

2误区提醒

1.形近、意近词的混用 2. 形容词的句法功能用错 3.复合形容词的构成不熟悉4.多个形容词作定语时排序不清 5.形容词的比较等级用错

【典型例题】:

1) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone

C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old

解析:错选B。 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。正确答案A.

2)It’s a relief for us to know that something _____ is being done to rebuild the schools destroyed in the quake.

A. competitive B. passive C. sensitive D. positive

解析:因形近形容词分辨不清而错选其他。根据题意,本句话表达“我们了解到,为了重建在地震中被破坏的学校,正在采取一些积极的措施”。空处应填“积极的”,正确答案为D。

3)--- Our women athletes achieved great success in the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games.

--- Yes. No one could have a_____ performance,I think.

B. better C. best D. the best

解析:因形容词比较等级用法没掌握好而错选C. 此处应用比较级表最高级意思。正确答案为B。

高中英语短文改错的答题技巧

一. 动词形

主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:

My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)

Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)

上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。

二. 名词数

指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如:

so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)

三. 区分形和副

及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如:

Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)

Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)

需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。

四. 非谓动词细辨别

这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:

in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)

Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also(playing)

My parents love me and will do all they can ∧ make sure (to)

上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。

五. 习惯用法要记住

主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。例如:

It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and (of)

We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)

六. 句子成分多分析

不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:

They ∧eager to know everything about China and (were)

I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)

第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。

七. 逻辑错误须关注

与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:

The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)

First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)

no way of setting the matter except by selling the someone at home reads instead. (everyone)

上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表再的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说再告诉你一些事?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,我们把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。

除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如:

She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)

It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)

We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)

下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做,然后参阅题后的答案与简析。

Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei

Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,its famous 76. _____

Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____

Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____

the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____

climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80. _____

and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture

since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____

Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____

of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____

good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____

head touched the pillow.

答案与简析:

76. famous前加上a.(名词数)

77. 正确

78. we前面加when,引导一个时间状语从句。(句子成分多分析)

79. themus (逻辑错误须关注)

80. visitingvisited(非谓动词细辨别)

81. picturepictures(名词数)

82. passespassed(动词形)

83. 去掉down(习惯用法要记住)

84. andbut(but,and,or和so)

85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住)

形容词和副词

1.“as+形容词+(a/an)+名词+as”表示同级比较,注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。

It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.

人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。

2.“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”与“not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”表示同级比较,即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。

The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.

这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。

3.“the+比较级+of the two +名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”。

The taller of the two boys is my brother.

两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。

形容词比较级+n.……

After two years’ research,we have a far better understanding of the disease.

研究两年之后,现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。

We went to the USA in search of a better life.

为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。

5.比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit 等。

The students study even harder than before.

学生们学习比以前更努力了。

A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.

汽车比自行车跑得快得多。

6.最高级

(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。

The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.

目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。

I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.

我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。

(2)否定词+比较级=最高级。

There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.

为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。

—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?

——你对他在会议上说的满意吗?

— couldn’t have been worse.

——不,不能再差了。

7.表示倍数的句型:

(1)A is+倍数+比较级+than+B

(2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B

(3)A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height 等)+of+B

(4)A is+倍数+that+of+B

(5)A is+倍数+what 引导的名词性从句

①This building is three times higher than that one.

This building is three times as high as that one.

This building is three times the height of that one.

这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。

②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.

=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.

今年的产量是2008年的三倍。

③After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.

自从新技术被引进以后,这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。

8、形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。

1)性质形容词有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot

2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid,

afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake, well,unwell,ill,faint等。

3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:something nice

9、以-ly结尾的形容词

1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

The Times is a daily paper.

The Times is published daily.

10、用形容词表示类别和整体

1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。

The poor are losing hope.

2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。

the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.

The English have wonderful sense of humor.

多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

11、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词+数量词(序前基后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料

those + three + beautiful + large + square+ old + brown + wood + table s

2误区提醒

1.形近、意近词的混用 2. 形容词的句法功能用错 3.复合形容词的构成不熟悉4.多个形容词作定语时排序不清 5.形容词的比较等级用错

【典型例题】:

1) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone

C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old

解析:错选B。 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。正确答案A.

2)It’s a relief for us to know that something _____ is being done to rebuild the schools destroyed in the quake.

A. competitive B. passive C. sensitive D. positive

解析:因形近形容词分辨不清而错选其他。根据题意,本句话表达“我们了解到,为了重建在地震中被破坏的学校,正在采取一些积极的措施”。空处应填“积极的”,正确答案为D。

3)--- Our women athletes achieved great success in the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games.

--- Yes. No one could have a_____ performance,I think.

B. better C. best D. the best

解析:因形容词比较等级用法没掌握好而错选C. 此处应用比较级表最高级意思。正确答案为B。

要用心 一、解题方法三步法解题:(1)通读全文,了解全文大意和主题; (2)找错并改正;  (3)通读全文,核对检验。在短文改错过程中,还须遵循以下步骤:(1)在理解句子的基础上,先从动词、句法的角度判断有无这方面的错误以及错误的位置;(2)确定无句法错误后,再考虑用法、搭配和近形近义方面的错误; (3)在排除了上述两种可能后,应着重从语篇角度寻找有无上下文语义方面的错误(注意连接性词语和那些可能有反义词的词);(4)注意标有题号的各行与上行或下行相临处的错误;(5)若经过以上步骤还无法判断错误所在,则应暂时放弃该行,而继续往下做,待做完全文,对全文有更深入、更完整的理解的基础上进行检验时再作判断。宜从介词及一些简单而易被忽视的语法角度的“细微处”多加考虑。二、 错误有多词、少词和错词三种, 具体答题方法如下:改正 将文中错词用斜线(/)划去,在后面横线上填入正确的词,表示替换该错词。删去 在文中将错词用斜线(/)划去,在后面横线上也划一斜线(/),表示该错词是多余的。增添 在文中两词间加“∧”号,表示有遗漏,然后在横线上添入遗漏的词的正确形式。三、 命题内容1. 词汇用法 词汇错误不同于篇章理解错误,它一般不需要根据整篇文章的主要内容和上下文的逻辑关系来进行分析和思考。词汇错误常常局限在句子水平上,也就是说,只看某一行或某一个句子就可以把这类错误挑出来并对它们加以改正。 考生只有平时打下扎实的词汇基础,准确把握单词的词性及词义,才能将词语错误辨别出来。词汇错误主要包括词性错误、易混词误用和固定搭配错误。(1) 用词不当 英语中有很多同义词、反义词、易混词,如assure/ensure, rise/arise/raise, effect/affect等。从历年改错题看,对这些词的误用构成改错的一个重要的错误类型。(2) 介词误用 介词使句中某些词与其他词发生一定的关系,其在英语中占很重要的地位,故成为又一重要考点。2. 语法知识 改错中的语法错误主要是结构方面出现的一些基本语法错误,主要包括不一致、时态、语态错误,现在分词和过去分词的误用,连词误用, 代词误用, 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级误用,虚拟语气误用和平行结构错误等。 (1) 一致性方面的错误 一致性(Agreement或Concord)在英语中属于一种很基础、很常见的语法现象。一致性指主谓一致、名词单复数与其修饰语的一致,代词与先行词的一致,还有时态一致、修辞手法一致等。考试改错题中常见的一致性方面的错误有以下几类:1) 主谓一致。主谓不一致错误是综合改错内容之一,主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长,首尾不能相接,造成视觉上的混淆。2) 名词单复数。有时名词可以不用复数,但是在特定的句子中由于前面有明确的量词修饰,如 several, a number of, a variety of等等,就要变成复数形式。3) 代词与先行词一致。代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群,因此代词的出现必须有所指,而且形、数等与前面所代的部分相符,这是代词改错的核心。人称代词、物主代词及指示代词的误用,会导致指示不清、逻辑混乱,甚至前后矛盾。这一般考查的是代词的指代,在文章当中如果说出现了代词,那么代词所指代的对象在前文中一定是出现过的,否则就会出现指代不清,所以出现代词时候,我们要注意它所指代的对象的单复数是否与代词一致。细心推敲和全局观念是破解此类错误的杀手锏。(2) 非谓语动词错用  非谓语动词包括不定式、分词。改错中主要出现非谓语动词与主要谓语动词之间的混淆。(3) 形容词、副词(包括比较级和最高级)误用 形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级是改错考题中必考的项目之一。常见错误类型有: One of +最高级+名词复数,as +原级+as3. 篇章理解(1)上下文语义矛盾  通过对近年六级改错部分的分析,发现出现错误率的频率最高的就是上下文语义矛盾这一项,上下文语义矛盾,也就是说,根据上文的内容,紧接下来的部分应该是肯定意义,结果原文却用了否定;反之,根据上下文的连贯关系,下文本该用否定却用了肯定,这是语意的颠倒,造成上下文逻辑推理上的自相矛盾。做题前如先阅读全文,领会上下文承接关系与语意关系将裨益无穷。(2) 缺漏和多余 缺漏某些不可少或加了某些不必要的词都会使句意不通顺。一般来说,缺漏和多余的词多为介词、代词、冠词或连词。多余还可能出现相同意义的词语叠加在一起或出现两个主语现象。(3) 逻辑关系混乱  要想把这类错误纠正出来,需要考生对文章有总体的理解,头脑中有个大的框架。一般改错中的连接词错误都会使句子的逻辑关系发生改变,或造成句子的语义逻辑混乱。综合改错中对逻辑关系的考查主要集中在因果、转折、条件、让步等关系上,其中以因果和转折连接词最为常见。(4) 时态、语态错误一篇结构完整的短文中,时态的使用应该是连贯一致的,但改错中常出现主句和从句时态可能不一致的情形。另外,改错题中最常见的语态错误是被动语态被误用为主动语态。总之,要想从根本上提高做综合改错题的能力,考生就要打好扎实的英语基础,有丰富的词汇用法、固定搭配及句式结构知识等。同时,在平日英语学习的过程中,要多多阅读,培养英语的语感,提高语篇理解能力,增强自己辨错、纠错的能力。

短文错误可以分为:词类错误(如名词可数不可数,单复数形式;动词的第三人称单数,时态与主语一致;代词指代问题,如该用his的用了her;冠词是不是用a 或者特制the,介词该用in还是on;单词的词性搞错,如该用副词quietly,但用了形容词quiet;固定的短语搭配等)。句类错误(时态一致,主谓一致,虚拟语气等)。语篇错误(连接词不符合文意,如and和but;单词的意思不符合文意)。最重要的是你能够掌握基础的语法知识,然后就是每做一篇短文改错你就把每个语法点归一下类,并且统计一下哪几个出现的频率高。例如:they want havea good life 这里应该改为they want to have a good life这个属于词类里面的 固定搭配。如果你做的属于固定搭配的占很多分数的话,你就需要恶补高中英语常用固定搭配了。要行成一种好习惯,一看到一句英语就想想这个有没有词类错误?有没有句类错误,是时态不对还是主谓不一致?连接词都用对了么?慢慢的你就会发现没有那么难了啊,希望对你有意帮助!!

短文改错对考生的要求较高,是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查,检测考生发现、判断、纠正 文章 错误的能力,进而考查学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平。下面给大家带来一些关于高中英语短文改错技巧,希望对大家有所帮助。

一.中英语短文改错技巧

1. 检查时态是否一致

时态错误几乎是每年高考短文改错中必设的题目。要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。

2. 检查主谓是否一致

在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时,还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持了一致。

3. 检查指代是否一致

对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要检查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用,注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致,包括人称代词、指标代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常设的改错题。

4.检查平行结构是否平行一致

由and,or,but,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。平行结构在词性、时态、非谓语动词的形式上往往要求前后一致。答题时要留心平行结构前后是否对等平行,这也是常设的错误。

二、短文改错解题思路和检查原则

1. 句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个 句子 要有动词;

2. 谓语动词的时态、语态;

3. 非谓语动词的用法;

4. 名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确;

5. 定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;

6. 代词的格和性的使用是否有误;

7. 定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误;

8. 并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。短文改错解题四原则:改动以最少为原则;虚词以添加或删除为原则;实词以改变词形为原则以保持句子原意为原则。短文改错解题步骤:通读全文,掌握大意;整句分析,逐行推敲。

三.实操演练

Sir or Madam,

I see your advertisement in a student magazine yesterday and I'm interesting to know more about your diving courses. First of all, I should explain that although I can swim I'm not very confident in water. But you mentioned your advertisement that your instructors are full qualified. Thus I believe they'll be able to teach someone as me to dive. I have one week's holiday in the three week of June and would like to know that there’s a course running at that time. How much does week's course cost? Finally, if I decide to go ahead, are there any special equipment I need to buy or is everything provided by your company?

I am looking forward to hear from you.

Sincerely yours,

Tom

答案:

改错:第一句: see-―saw ; interesting―interested

第三句: your 前加 in: full―fully

第四句 as改为like

第五句: three-改third ;that改if 或whether

第六句: week’s前加a are―is

第八句: hear 改为 hearing

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短文改错英语解题技巧高中

短文改错对考生的要求较高,是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查,检测考生发现、判断、纠正 文章 错误的能力,进而考查学生的词法、句法及行文逻辑等方面的水平。下面给大家带来一些关于高中英语短文改错技巧,希望对大家有所帮助。

一.中英语短文改错技巧

1. 检查时态是否一致

时态错误几乎是每年高考短文改错中必设的题目。要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。

2. 检查主谓是否一致

在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时,还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持了一致。

3. 检查指代是否一致

对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要检查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用,注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致,包括人称代词、指标代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常设的改错题。

4.检查平行结构是否平行一致

由and,or,but,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。平行结构在词性、时态、非谓语动词的形式上往往要求前后一致。答题时要留心平行结构前后是否对等平行,这也是常设的错误。

二、短文改错解题思路和检查原则

1. 句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个 句子 要有动词;

2. 谓语动词的时态、语态;

3. 非谓语动词的用法;

4. 名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确;

5. 定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;

6. 代词的格和性的使用是否有误;

7. 定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误;

8. 并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。短文改错解题四原则:改动以最少为原则;虚词以添加或删除为原则;实词以改变词形为原则以保持句子原意为原则。短文改错解题步骤:通读全文,掌握大意;整句分析,逐行推敲。

三.实操演练

Sir or Madam,

I see your advertisement in a student magazine yesterday and I'm interesting to know more about your diving courses. First of all, I should explain that although I can swim I'm not very confident in water. But you mentioned your advertisement that your instructors are full qualified. Thus I believe they'll be able to teach someone as me to dive. I have one week's holiday in the three week of June and would like to know that there’s a course running at that time. How much does week's course cost? Finally, if I decide to go ahead, are there any special equipment I need to buy or is everything provided by your company?

I am looking forward to hear from you.

Sincerely yours,

Tom

答案:

改错:第一句: see-―saw ; interesting―interested

第三句: your 前加 in: full―fully

第四句 as改为like

第五句: three-改third ;that改if 或whether

第六句: week’s前加a are―is

第八句: hear 改为 hearing

高中英语短文改错技巧 方法 相关文章:

★ 高中英语短文改错技巧有哪些

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很多高中生在做英语改错题的时候不知道怎么答题 ,往往在改错部分丢分严重,下面我为大家整理了英语短文改错套路以及相关答题技巧,供参考!

1.谓语动词:①一般现在时与一般过去时错用;②and前后动词时态不一致;③主谓不一致;④缺少动词,特别是be动词;⑤第三人称单数形式错用;⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。

2.名词:单复数错用,可数名词与不可数名词错用。

3.连词:连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/or/but等。关于连词,一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。

4.冠词:误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定);误用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠词或少冠词)

5.形容词和副词:系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。

6.代词:代词的主格和宾格(i/me;he/him;she/her;we/usthey/them)错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。

7.非谓语动词:不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时;and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时);介词后用动名词形式作宾语;某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。

8.介词:词组中的介词误用;介词意思理解偏差;介词的多用或少用

9.数词:主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用,以及hundred,thousand,dozen,score等词和具体数量词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。

10.上下文的逻辑关系:but,and,so,however,otherwise等一些并列连词和连接副词的误用。before,after,when,until,since等状语从句引导词的误用等。还有肯定和否定的误用等。

一、答题前先8看:

1.句中各部分的结构是否完整,特别是每个句子要有动词;

2. 谓语动词的时态、语态;

3.非谓语动词的用法;

4.名词的单、复数,格的使用是否正确;

5.定冠词和不定冠词是否正确;

6.代词的格和性的使用是否有误;

7.定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误;

8.并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。

二、短文改错答题4原则:

1.改动以最少为原则;

2.虚词以添加或删除为原则;

3.实词以改变词形为原则;

4.以保持句子原意为原则。

答题步骤:通读全文,掌握大意; 整句分析,逐行推敲。

考点1关联词使用不当

[典例1] After looking at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015·全国Ⅱ)

分析句意为:他转过身发现父母不见了。由句意可知宾语从句句意完整,不缺少成分,所以应该用that引导从句或省略。故去掉where或将where改为that。

[典例2] There the air is clean or the mountains are green.(2015·全国Ⅰ)

分析两个简单句之间为并列关系而非选择关系,所以将or改为and。

考点2多余或缺少连词

[典例1] Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)

分析在让步状语从句中,although不可以与but连用,因为although位于句首,故只能去掉but或将but改为yet。

[典例2] He had a deep voice,which set him apart from others in our small town,he was strong and powerful.(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ)

分析句中which引导的是定语从句,修饰主句He had a deep voice,而主句与从句后的分句he was strong and powerful之间缺少连词,根据他们的并列关系,确定he前加and。

考点3介词与连词混用

[典例] In fact,he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ)

分析句中during为介词,不可以连接两个独立谓语的句子,根据逻辑关系,后一个分句应为when引导的时间状语从句。故during应改为when。

高考英语短文改错是可以拉开成绩的一道题,很多考生没有掌握英语短文改错的答题技巧,从而失去不少分数,下面是我为大家整理的高考英语短文改错的技巧,希望大家喜欢。

通读全文,了解短文大意,把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑,尤其是有的行文逻辑方面的错误在看单句时难以发现错误(比如前文用mike,后文代词用she等)。在通读全文时把一些容易的错误先改好,再进行分句改错。

分局阅读,逐行找错,在完成第一步后,要进行逐行主句的改错。这是要对文中的词法、句法和语篇角度着重分析和特别注意。

最后把改好的短文再阅读一遍,检查答案是否正确,感觉不对的地方及时调整。

1.时态错误:每年高考短文改错中都有时态错误。因此要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。

2.主谓错误:在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时,还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持了一致。

3.指代错误:对于高考英语短文改错中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用,注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致,包括人称代词、指标代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常设的改错题。

4.形容词和副词错误:系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel);词性的误用(形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词)。I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully timetogether. (time是名词所以要用形容词wonderful修饰) Mypronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容词,terribly改为terrible.)

5. 代词错误:代词的主格和宾格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )错误;反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;代词的单数和复数使用错误;代词指代错误;多代词或少代词。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning toexpress me in simple English. (me 改为myself) One dayI wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it) If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other wouldhelp him out. (other后加s) What’smore, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care ofhim. (him改为them)

6. 连词错误:连词包括关系代词、副词,并列连词and/ or/but等。关于连词,一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。 I havea good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式,改为whose) I teachthem, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折,but改为and) Cleveras she is, but she works very hard.(as意为“尽管”,不能再跟but连用,所以去掉but)

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作者:小思本文地址:http://aiyundongfang.com/wap/9771.html发布于 09-18
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