摘要：
英语句子成分和句子结构主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,表语 是句子成份 ①主语：用于说明人或事物执行某一动作,表明“谁”或“什么”.常由名词、代词和数词来担任.如： I l... 英语句子成分和句子结构
主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,表语 是句子成份 ①主语：用于说明人或事物执行某一动作,表明“谁”或“什么”.常由名词、代词和数词来担任.如： I love the book．The book is my friend．我喜欢这本书.这本书是我的朋友.（名词作主语） ②谓语：说明主语的动作或状态,表明“做什么”或“是什么”.常由实义动词或系动词加上表语部分来充当.如： Mother is a teacher．妈妈是一名教师.（系表作谓语） She likes music．她喜欢音乐.（动词作谓语） ③宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后.如： He learns English well．他英语学得好.（作动词宾语） I'm interested in handwriting．我对书法很感兴趣.（作介词宾语） ④补语：说明宾语、主语“做什么”或“处于某种状态”.常由名词、形容词等词类来担任.如： The teacher named me Lucy．老师叫我露茜.（名词作补语） Very loud noises can make people ill．非常大的噪音会让人得病.（形容词作补语） ⑤表语：放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的成分,表明“什么”,“怎么样”.多由名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词和介词短语来担任.如： She looks nice．她看上去很漂亮.（形容词作表语） Ann is in the classroom．安在教室里.（介词短语作表语） ⑥定语：用于修饰和限制名词或代词的成分,表明“谁的”、“怎么样”等.多由名词、数词、形容词、代词和介词短语等来充当.如： My friend is a middle school student．我的朋友是一名中学生.（名词作定语） The man with black glasses liked sweet food．戴墨镜的那个人喜欢吃甜食.（介词短语作定语） ⑦状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的成分.常由副词、介词短语等来充当.如： Bruce speaks English very well．布鲁斯英语说得很好.（副词作状语） Dick lived in the country a few years ago．迪克几年前住在乡下.（介词短语作状语）
【篇一】英语句子基本结构分析
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this claare girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The clais over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progrein English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)
He is in the room ma-ki-ng a model plane.(分词短语)
Wait a minute.(名词)
Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)
Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)
I shall go there if it doesn't rain.(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)
I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
【篇二】英语句子基本结构分析
英语语法看上去很复杂，很多句型要记，但其实只要深入研究，就会发现其实也不过是围绕这五个基本句子来展开，分别是：
S十V主谓结构
S十V十p主系表结构
S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
说明：S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语
五个基本句式详细解释如下：
十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi.)。例如：
He runs quickly.
他跑得快。
They listened carefully.
他们听得很仔细。
He suffered from cold and hunger.
他挨冻受饿。
China belongs to the third world country.
中国属于第三世界国家。
The gas has given out.
煤气用完了。
My ink has run out.
我的钢笔水用完了。
十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系动词(link v.)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：
He is older than he looks.
他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book.
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting.
这个故事听起来有趣。
The desk feels hard.
书桌摸起来很硬。
The cake tastes nice.
饼尝起来很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc.
花闻起来香甜。
You have grown taller than before.
你长得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill.
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still.
他静静地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up.
他长大后当了教师。
He could never turn traitor to his country.
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。
注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如：
He looked me up and down.
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant.
他伸出手来摸象。
They are tasting the fish.
他们在品尝鱼。
They grow rice in their home town.
他们在家乡种水稻。
He‘s got a chair to sit on.
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English.
请把这个句于泽成英语。
十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt.)，因此有宾语。例如：
I saw a film yesterday.
我昨天看了一部电影。
Have you read the story?
你读过这个故事吗?
They found their home easily.
他们很容易找到他们的家。
They built a house last year.
他们去年建了一所房子。
They‘ve put up a factory in the village.
他们在村里建了一座工厂。
They have taken good care of the children.
这些孩子他们照看得很好。
You should look after your children well.
你应该好好照看你的孩子。
十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get;rob，warn等。例如：
He gave me a book/a book to me.
他给我一本书。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.
他带给我一枝钢笔。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me.
他把座位让给我。
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
妈妈给我买了一本书。
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
他给我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me.
请帮我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me.
他问我个问题。
注意，下边动词只有一种说法：
They robbed the old man of his money.
他们抢了老人的钱。
He‘s warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危险。
The doctor has cured him of his disease.
医生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats.
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak.
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。
十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry.
他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day.
他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out.
我发现他出去了。
I saw him in.
我见他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand.
他们发现沙地上有脚印。
They named the boy Charlie.
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out.
我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now.
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him.
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
【篇三】英语句子基本结构分析
主谓宾结构：
1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等.主语一般
在句首.注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America.
He made a speech.
2、谓语：谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后.谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没
有宾语,形成主谓结构,
eg:We come.
Many changes took place in my home town.
注(以下这些词是不及物动词：表发生、出现的,如：take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如：com
e, go 等)
3、宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如：me,
him,them等.除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语.
eg：I will do it tomorrow.
The boy needs a pen.
(二)主系表结构：
1、主语：同‘主谓宾’结构.
2、谓语：联系动词(Link verb)：be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如：become成为,turn变
成,go变和感官动词如：feel, touch, hear, see等.其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词
或副词,既,不可能是宾语.
3、表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等.可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词.(1)当联系动词不是
be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别.
eg: He became a teacher at last.
His face turned red.
(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词
eg: He looks well.他面色好.
It sounds nice.这个听起来不错.
I feel good.我感觉好.
The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻.
例：Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
(三)There be 结构：
There be 表示‘存在有’.这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆.
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较：There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩.)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’.
英语句子成分一般有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语，下面我整理了相关内容，来看一下吧。
1、主语: 主语是句子要说明的人或 物，是句子的主体。一般放在句首。名词，代词，数词，动名词（v-ing)，动词不定式，主语从句都可以作主语。祈使句和there be句型一般没有主语。
2、谓语是说明主语的动作或者状态，一般放在主语的后面。实义动词可以直接担任谓语；系动词和表语一起构成谓语；助动词和情态动词必须和后面的动词原形一起构成复合谓语。
3、表语：是说明主语的身份，特征和状态。它位于系动词后面。名词，代词，形容词，副词，数词，介词短语，动词不定式，表语从句可以作表语。
系动词： am, is, are, be, feel（觉得）,get ( 变得 ), turn (变得), go (变得), touch (摸起来 ), sound， remain (仍然是）, was, were, seem (看起来) , taste (尝起来），become（变得），smell (闻起来）
4、宾语：宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。英语中及物动词（vt)必须有宾语，称为动词宾语；介词后面的名词，代词，动名词称为介词宾语。名词，代词，数词，动词不定式，动名词，宾语从句都可以作宾语。
5、宾语补足语：有些及物动词（find,see,hear,believe,elect, bring, get, have, let等）除了必须有宾语外，还必须加上宾语补足语，句子的意思才完整。名词（短语），形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词，都可以作宾语补足语。宾语补足语在被动语态中就变成了主语补足语。
Vt+动词不定式（短语），to do 是动词不定式， to do sth是动词不定式短语。
1.主语+系动词（表示状态、性质、定义等）+表语
2.主语+谓语动词（不及物，符号为vi）+状语（时间、地点、原因、方式等）
3.主语+谓语动词（及物动词，符号为vt）+宾语（动作的承受者）
4.主语+谓语动词（及物动词，符号为vt）+某人+某物
5.主语+谓语动词（及物动词，符号为vt）+宾语+宾语补语（说明宾语的状态、动作、特征等，不可缺少，否则句意不完整）
注：
1）任何正式语句都会符合这句型之一
2）各种句型里的动词都是各自独立的，不是说可以把任一个动词随便用在一个句型里，动词都有固定的用法，这要下功夫记忆，还有就是在语境中观察
3）分析复杂长句首先就是确定句型种类，关键是要敲定谓语动词，然后一一对应即可
4）长句、复杂句中每一个成分可能都不是单纯的词构成，这就需要长期的语言素养来辅助分析。
句子结构和句子成分英语
英语句子成分一般有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语，下面我整理了相关内容，来看一下吧。
1、主语: 主语是句子要说明的人或 物，是句子的主体。一般放在句首。名词，代词，数词，动名词（v-ing)，动词不定式，主语从句都可以作主语。祈使句和there be句型一般没有主语。
2、谓语是说明主语的动作或者状态，一般放在主语的后面。实义动词可以直接担任谓语；系动词和表语一起构成谓语；助动词和情态动词必须和后面的动词原形一起构成复合谓语。
3、表语：是说明主语的身份，特征和状态。它位于系动词后面。名词，代词，形容词，副词，数词，介词短语，动词不定式，表语从句可以作表语。
系动词： am, is, are, be, feel（觉得）,get ( 变得 ), turn (变得), go (变得), touch (摸起来 ), sound， remain (仍然是）, was, were, seem (看起来) , taste (尝起来），become（变得），smell (闻起来）
4、宾语：宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。英语中及物动词（vt)必须有宾语，称为动词宾语；介词后面的名词，代词，动名词称为介词宾语。名词，代词，数词，动词不定式，动名词，宾语从句都可以作宾语。
5、宾语补足语：有些及物动词（find,see,hear,believe,elect, bring, get, have, let等）除了必须有宾语外，还必须加上宾语补足语，句子的意思才完整。名词（短语），形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词，都可以作宾语补足语。宾语补足语在被动语态中就变成了主语补足语。
Vt+动词不定式（短语），to do 是动词不定式， to do sth是动词不定式短语。
1.主语+系动词（表示状态、性质、定义等）+表语
2.主语+谓语动词（不及物，符号为vi）+状语（时间、地点、原因、方式等）
3.主语+谓语动词（及物动词，符号为vt）+宾语（动作的承受者）
4.主语+谓语动词（及物动词，符号为vt）+某人+某物
5.主语+谓语动词（及物动词，符号为vt）+宾语+宾语补语（说明宾语的状态、动作、特征等，不可缺少，否则句意不完整）
注：
1）任何正式语句都会符合这句型之一
2）各种句型里的动词都是各自独立的，不是说可以把任一个动词随便用在一个句型里，动词都有固定的用法，这要下功夫记忆，还有就是在语境中观察
3）分析复杂长句首先就是确定句型种类，关键是要敲定谓语动词，然后一一对应即可
4）长句、复杂句中每一个成分可能都不是单纯的词构成，这就需要长期的语言素养来辅助分析。
I just want you to know that tires are flat.是that引导的宾语从句句子成分分别是I 主句主语 just want you to know 主句谓语 that 引导词 your tires 从句主语 are 从句系动词 flat.表语
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语.谓语.表语.宾语.宾语补足语.定语.状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语.宾语，宾语补足语，而表语、定语、状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词.代词.数词.动名词.动词不定式等充当。He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。（在这句中“He”为代词，充当句子主语）2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征.行为。一般可分为两类：1)简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。We study for the people.我们为人民学习。2)复合谓语：情态动词+不定式I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。3、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词或介词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，动名词，数词，动词不定式等。We like English.我们喜欢英语。有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 简称双宾语He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长
I是主语，want 是谓语you是宾语，动词不定式作为补足语know后面that 引导的句子主谓宾完整，所以that从句用来解释说明know 的内容，所以这个句子为同位语从句
句子成分和句子结构英语
怎样辨别英语句子成分 主语即句子的主体，一般在句首,作主语的词可以是名词、动名词、代词、从句等。谓语是主语的动作行为，作谓语的词是动词,如情态动词、系动词、使役动词等。宾语一般在谓语后,可以是形容词,副词,代词,也可以是一个句子。句子的结构一般是:主语+谓语+宾语,也可以是:主语+谓语（不及物动词） 修饰名词的是定语从句，相当于形容词。修饰整个句子，动词，形容词的是状语从句。 English:怎样辨别英语中 表语 宾语 定语 状语 等结构 收藏 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。 He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。 一般可分为两类： 1)，简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。 可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 We study for the people. 我们为人民学习。 2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式 I can speak a little English. 我可以说一点英语。 3、表语 表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。 My sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是护士。 4、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。 We like English. 我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink. 他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： We make him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。 5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。 He is a new student. 他是个新生。 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room is mine. 房间里的自行车是我的。 历史老照片不能说的秘密慈禧军阀明末清初文革晚清6、状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in London. 他住在伦敦。 比如说 i love you. i 就是主格，表示“我”这个人，及动作或是行为的发出，实施者。 you 即是宾格，表示“你”，是动作或是行为的接受者，表被动状态。 明白了吗 人称代词里的：主格放在句首做主语和表语,宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语. 打个比方，主人邀请宾客，主格就像主人，宾格就像宾客。主格在动词前面，宾格在动词或介词后面。 英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和之分，如： I, me, my he, him, his they, them,their等。 顾名思义，主格(The nominative case)用作主语，宾格(The objective case)用作宾语，所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物。 在实际运用中，主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。下面是常见的问题： ⒈在复合结构里，人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时，没有问题，如很少人会犯下这样的错误： *(1)Wilcox spoke to I. *(2)Her knew what had happened. 但在复合结构中，错误就难免了，如： *(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I. *(4)He and her knew what had happened. *(5)This is between you and he. 这种错误是可避免的。第一，在有介词的复合结构中，特别要注意，第二个人称代词，必须用宾语，如："for you and me"和 "between Maria and him"。第二，试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来，那么该用的格就容易辨别了，如： (6)This message is for (My father and) I or me. (7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together. 显然的，(5)里的代词是宾格的"me", (6)里的代词是主格的"he"。 ⒉在比较结构里，连接词"as"或"than"后面，按理用主格式，但在口语中，人们常用宾格形式，学美式英语者，更是如此： a. You did as well as she. b. You did as well as her. (9)a. I am older than he. b. I am older than him. (a)和(b)两种说法，都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话，这时的人称代词，就必须是主格，如下： (10)You did as well as she did. (11)I am older than he is . 此外，还有一点要注意，就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好，用宾格也可，但是有时意思会有所不同。试比较(a)和(b)： (12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I. b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me. (12)a和b都被接受，但(12)a等于(13)a，而(12)b等于(13)B： (13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria). b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me. 显然，这两句的深层意思大有差别。遇到这种情形，为了避免误解，不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来。换句话说，必要的话，要用(13)这句子。 不然，把(13)a变成(14), (13)b变成(15)也可： (14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did. (15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria. 一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语： every„, sometimes, at„, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 ////////////一般现在时表将来 1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 主语,动词的实施者,人称代词用主格 谓语,由动词承担 宾语,动词的承受者,人称代词用宾格 表语,修饰名词的形容词 状语,表明时间
英语句子结构和分析
导语：了解英语句子的成分,掌握英语句子的结构,是英语阅读和写作的必备基础,不但有助于正确理解英语句子的意思,而且也是写出正确英语句子的前提。我在此整理了英语句子结构和分析，供大家参考和学习。首先，我们要知道的是句子成分的定义、句子的成分都有哪一些，随后再是它们与句子结构的关系
定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分：主语和谓语
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
一主语(subject)
句子说明的.人或事物
Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词)
She went out in a hurry.(代词)
Four plus four is eight.(数词)
To see is to believe.(不定式)
Smoking is bad for health.(动名词)
The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)
What he has said is true. (句子)
二谓语
说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
Show your passport, please. (名词)
She didn't say anything. (代词)
How many do you want? - I want two. (数词)
They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词)
They asked to see my passport. (不定式)
I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
Did you write down what he said? (句子)
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
(四)连系动词,其后面的成分叫作表语。
The war was over.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
I’m not quite myself today.
That remains a puzzle.
I don’t feel at ease.
常见的系动词有be 动词,还有get ,become, turn, grow 等表 “变得”的词, 和感观动词sound, look, smel,taste,feel等。
(五)定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.(形容词)
His father works in a steel work.(名词)
There are 54 students in our class.(数词)
Do you known betty’s sister?(名词所有格)
He bought some sleeping pills.(动名词)
There is a sleeping baby in bed.(现在分词)
His spoken language is good.(过去分词)
定语后置：
如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister.
We have a lot of work to do.
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
Do you know the man who spoke just now?
(六)状语
状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
I will be back in a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was late because he got up late.
He got up so late that I missed the train.
I waited to see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
Please call me if it is necessary.
This book is very interesting.
He went to school in spite of his illness.
(七)宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 ：
make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.
I found the book interesting.
Do you smell something burning?
He made himself known to them.
She asked me to lend her a hand.
宾语补足语：和宾语构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补之间存在内在逻辑上的主谓关系。
(八)同位语
位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况
We young people should respect the old.(名词)
He himself will do the experiment.(代词)
He is the oldest among them four.(数词)
He told me the news that our team won the game.(从句)
【篇一】英语句子基本结构分析
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)
We often speak English in class.(代词)
One-third of the students in this claare girls.(数词)
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)
It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)
(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.
(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:
Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)
Is it yours?(代词)
The weather has turned cold.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)
His job is to teach English.(不定式)
His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)
The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)
Time is up. The clais over.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:
They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)
He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)
I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.
(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:
His father named him Dongming.(名词)
They painted their boat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
You mustn't force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)
We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)
We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)
We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)
(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词)
There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)
His rapid progrein English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:
Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语)
He is in the room ma-ki-ng a model plane.(分词短语)
Wait a minute.(名词)
Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)
状语种类如下:
How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)
Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)
I shall go there if it doesn't rain.(条件状语)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)
I am taller than he is.(比较状语)
【篇二】英语句子基本结构分析
英语语法看上去很复杂，很多句型要记，但其实只要深入研究，就会发现其实也不过是围绕这五个基本句子来展开，分别是：
S十V主谓结构
S十V十p主系表结构
S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构
S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
说明：S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾语补足语
五个基本句式详细解释如下：
十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi.)。例如：
He runs quickly.
他跑得快。
They listened carefully.
他们听得很仔细。
He suffered from cold and hunger.
他挨冻受饿。
China belongs to the third world country.
中国属于第三世界国家。
The gas has given out.
煤气用完了。
My ink has run out.
我的钢笔水用完了。
十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系动词(link v.)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如：
He is older than he looks.
他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book.
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting.
这个故事听起来有趣。
The desk feels hard.
书桌摸起来很硬。
The cake tastes nice.
饼尝起来很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc.
花闻起来香甜。
You have grown taller than before.
你长得比以前高了。
He has suddenly fallen ill.
他突然病倒了。
He stood quite still.
他静静地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up.
他长大后当了教师。
He could never turn traitor to his country.
他永远不会背叛他的祖国。
注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如：
He looked me up and down.
他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant.
他伸出手来摸象。
They are tasting the fish.
他们在品尝鱼。
They grow rice in their home town.
他们在家乡种水稻。
He‘s got a chair to sit on.
他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English.
请把这个句于泽成英语。
十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt.)，因此有宾语。例如：
I saw a film yesterday.
我昨天看了一部电影。
Have you read the story?
你读过这个故事吗?
They found their home easily.
他们很容易找到他们的家。
They built a house last year.
他们去年建了一所房子。
They‘ve put up a factory in the village.
他们在村里建了一座工厂。
They have taken good care of the children.
这些孩子他们照看得很好。
You should look after your children well.
你应该好好照看你的孩子。
十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get;rob，warn等。例如：
He gave me a book/a book to me.
他给我一本书。
He brought me a pen/a pen to me.
他带给我一枝钢笔。
He offered me his seat/his seat to me.
他把座位让给我。
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
妈妈给我买了一本书。
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
他给我弄了一把椅子。
Please do me a favor/a favor for me.
请帮我一下。
He asked me a question/a question of me.
他问我个问题。
注意，下边动词只有一种说法：
They robbed the old man of his money.
他们抢了老人的钱。
He‘s warned me of the danger.
他警告我注意危险。
The doctor has cured him of his disease.
医生治好了他的病。
We must rid the house of th erats.
我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。
They deprived him of his right to speak.
他们剥夺了他说话的权利。
十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。
They made the girl angry.
他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day.
他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out.
我发现他出去了。
I saw him in.
我见他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand.
他们发现沙地上有脚印。
They named the boy Charlie.
他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out.
我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast.
他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
I heard the glass broken just now.
我刚才听到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him.
他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
【篇三】英语句子基本结构分析
主谓宾结构：
1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等.主语一般
在句首.注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America.
He made a speech.
2、谓语：谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后.谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没
有宾语,形成主谓结构,
eg:We come.
Many changes took place in my home town.
注(以下这些词是不及物动词：表发生、出现的,如：take place, appear, happen, break out; 表来、去,如：com
e, go 等)
3、宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如：me,
him,them等.除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语.
eg：I will do it tomorrow.
The boy needs a pen.
(二)主系表结构：
1、主语：同‘主谓宾’结构.
2、谓语：联系动词(Link verb)：be动词(am,is,are,was,were,have been);其他联系动词如：become成为,turn变
成,go变和感官动词如：feel, touch, hear, see等.其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词
或副词,既,不可能是宾语.
3、表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等.可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词.(1)当联系动词不是
be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达‘转变为’之意,注意与动宾关系的区别.
eg: He became a teacher at last.
His face turned red.
(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词
eg: He looks well.他面色好.
It sounds nice.这个听起来不错.
I feel good.我感觉好.
The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻.
例：Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
(三)There be 结构：
There be 表示‘存在有’.这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆.
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’
试比较：There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩.)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’.
高一英语句子成分和句子结构
高中英语句子成分解析
在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。下面是我收集整理的高中英语句子成分解析，希望对您有所帮助!
状语
状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。
如： girl is improving remarkably. 这个女孩大有进步。
2.可用作状语的有副词、名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。
(1)。副词最常用作状语，位置比较灵活，可置句末、句首和句中。
He speaks the language badly but read it well. 这种语言，他讲得不好，但阅读能力很强。
Naturally we expect hotel guests to lock their doors. 当我们期望旅馆的旅客把房门锁上。
3.状语按用途来分，可以分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等
(1)。时间状语，多位于句末和句首，有时亦可置于句中 Shall we do the shopping today or tomorrow? In China now leads the world.
(2).地点状语，多置于句末，有时也位于句首和句中。 There are plenty of fish in the sea.
She kissed her mother on the platform(月台).
(3)。原因状语，包括表理由的状语，多置于句末，有时亦可置于句首。 Because he was ill ,Tom lost his job. I eat potatoes because I like them.
(4). 结果状语，多由不定式、分词和从句表示，常位于句末。
She woke(醒) suddenly to find someone standing in the doorway. She spoke so softly that I couldn’t hear what she said.
(5). 目的状语，多由不定式、介词短语和从句等表示，常位于句末，强调时可以置于句首。 He ran for shelter(隐蔽处).他跑去避雨。
In order to get into a good school, I must study even harder.
(6). 条件状语。多由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。 We’ll be lucky to get there before dark.
If he were to come, what should we say to him?
(7). 让步状语，由短语和从句表示，常置于句末和句首。
For all his money, he didn’t seem happy. 他尽管有钱，但似乎并不幸福。 He helped me although he didn’t know me.
(8).程度状语。常由副词、介词短语及从句等表示。 The lecture is very interesting.
To what extent would you trust them? 你对他们信任程度如何? (9)。伴随状语，常由短语和独立主格等表示。对位于句末和句首。 My train starts at six, arriving at Chicago at ten. He stood there ,pipe(烟斗) in mouth.
同谓语
当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同谓语(appositive).这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任，同谓语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。
1.名词用作同谓语是大量的。
(1). We have two children, a boy and a girl.我们有两个孩子，一男一女。
(2)We, the Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country. 我们中国人民决心将中国建成一个强大的繁荣的国家。
2.代词用作同谓语。
(1)。They all wanted to see him. 他们都想见他。
(2)。Let’s you and me go to work, Oliver. 咱们俩去工作吧。
3.数词用作同谓语。
(1)。Are you two ready?你们俩准备好了吗?
(2)。They two went, we three stayed behind.他们俩去了，我们三个留了下来。
4.不定式与动名词用作同谓语。
(1)。Their latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition.他们最近提出了集中全力于初等教育的提议遭到了某些人的反对。
(2)。The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。
短语用作同谓语
The city of Rome 罗马城 the art of writing 写作艺术 The vice of smoking 吸烟嗜好
6.从句用同谓语，即同谓语重句
(1)。The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不确。
(2)。We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy. 我们不是在调查他是否可信赖的问题。
定语
定语是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。
1.形容词用作定语是大量的。
(1). She is a natural musician. 她是一位天生的音乐家。
(2). He must be the best violinist alive.他一定是最好的在世的小提琴手了。(后置定语)
2. 名词用作定语。
如 (1). A baby girl 女婴
(2). well water 井水
(3). Sports car 双座轻型汽车
(4). A fool’s paradise 梦幻的天堂
3.代词作定语。
(1). Your hair needs cutting. 你该理发了。(物主代词用作定语)
(2). Everybody’s business is nobody’s business. 人人负责就是无人负责。 (不定代词所有格作定语)
4.数词作定语
(1). There’s only one way to do it. 做此事只有一法。
(2). Do it now, you may not get a second chance. 现在就干吧，你可能再没有机会了。
基数词用作后置定语： page 24 Room 201 the year 1949 4. 副词充当定语时常后置，如：
the room above 楼上的房间 the world today 今日世界 the way out 出路 a day off 休息日
5.不定式用作定语
(1). Her promise to write was forgotten.她忘记了答应写信的事。
(2). That’s the way to do it.那正是做此事的方法。
6.动名词用作定语.
A walking stick 拐杖 sleeping pills 药
eating implements 吃饭用具 learning method 学习方法
7.分词充当定语
a sleeping child 正在睡中的小孩 a drinking man 嗜酒者
a retired worker 一个退休工人 a faded flower 一朵谢了的花
8.介词短语用作定语。
(1). This is a map of China. 这是一幅中国地图。
(2). The wild look in his eyes spoke plainer than words. 他那凶暴的目光说明得再清楚不过了。
9.从句用作定语，即定语从句
The car that’s parked outside is mine. 停在外面的`车是我的。 Your car, which I noticed outside, has been hit by another one. 我在外面看见你的汽车了，它给另一辆车撞了。
补语
补语(complement)是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。补足主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补语(subject complement),补足宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补语(object complement).
(1). 容词用作主语补语是常置于主语之前，后有逗号。
Tired and sleepy, I went to bed. 我又累又困，就去睡了。
有时可以置于主语之后，前后都有逗号，与非限定性定语相似。如： The man, cruel beyond belief, didn’t listen to their pleadings. 那人不可置疑地残酷，不听取他们的恳求。
(2).可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等
named the child Jimmy. 他们将孩子命名为吉米。(名词用作并与补语)
mother looks so young that you would think her my sister. 我的母亲面很嫩，你会以为她是我的姐姐(名词短语作宾语补语)
3. He boiled the egg hard. 她将鸡蛋煮老了。(形容词用作宾语补语)
found the book very interesting.我发现那本书很有趣。(形容词短语用作宾补)
comrades wanted Dr. Bethune to take cover. 同志们要白求恩大夫隐蔽一下。(不定式用作宾语补语)
call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我把这个叫做拆东墙补西墙。(动名作宾补
’t take his kindness for granted.不要把他的友善看作是当然的事。
看语法书吧亲。。。
一、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物。通常用名词或代词担任。2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态。主要由动词担任。3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果。通常由名词或代词担任。有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物(直接宾语),一个指人(间接宾语)。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote mea letter . (他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter tome . (他给我写了一封信)5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:Shanghaiis a big city .(上海是个大城市)6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力)7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me tolearn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmateTom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)十、简单句1、简单句的特点:简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。2、简单句的种类:简单句一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。 十一、句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语1、主语:(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的。如:Thepainter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animalsis to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。)(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。如:It is very comfortable tohave a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。) / Eating too much is bad foryour health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.)(吃得太多对你的身体不利。)(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略:(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。)/(It) doesn’t matter. ((那)没有关系。) / (I) thank you.((我)谢谢你。)(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词:The man looks worried,doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？) / Tigers are dangerous animals,aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)(5)祈使句一般省略主语。加主语时往往用来指定某个人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。) (省略了主语) / You go there andfetch me a glass of water. (你去给我弄一杯水来。)(6)主语一般在句首,但在问句中会处于第二位和句尾；倒装句及there be句型主语在动词之后。如:Computersare made in this factory. (计算机生产于这家工厂。) / Where are they? (他们在哪儿？)/ Does the boy like staying home? (这个男孩喜欢呆在家里吗？)(7)主语与谓语必须保持单、复数的一致, 而谓语与表语或宾语之间没有这一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都没有通过考试。) / The Chinese peopleare a hardworking and bravepeople. (中华民族是一个勤劳勇敢的民族。) (8)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。 2、谓语:(1)由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成,说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么样”。如: He travelled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) / Who teaches you English thisyear?(今年谁教你们的英语？) / The pizza has gonebad. (那块烤馅饼已经变坏。) / (2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息,谓语动词往往由下列词语依序排列构成:［情态动词］+［时态助动词］+［语态助动词］+［主要动词］(不一定全部出现)。(见动词的时态和语态构成表) 记住:谓语部分第一个动词往往是变形动词。如: I am sorry I ammaking so muchnoise but I have to. (对不起我发出了太大的声音但是只能这样。) / Hecan’t havefinished reading the800-page-long novel. (他不可能读完了那本长达800页的小说。) / Something mustbedoneto stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (该采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。) (3)谓语动词切忌用“行为动词1 + 原形动词”、“be + 原形动词”。记住使用下列正确形式:①情态动词+原形动词。如:You’d better go over the lesson.（你最好复习这一课。）②shall/ will/ would+原形动词。如:They should have been there once.（他们应该去过那儿。）③be+现在分词或者过去分词。如:What are you doingthis evening?（今晚你打算做什么？）/ Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（自从20世纪70年代大批树木被砍伐。）④have+过去分词。如:Many trees havebeencut down since 1970s.（意思同上）⑤一般时问句和否定句中:do/does/did+原形动词。如:He does not enjoy himselfvery much.（他日子过的不好。）/ Did any of you seedinosaur eggs?（你们当中有谁见过恐龙蛋吗？）⑥行为动词1+行为动词2 (不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式)。如:Hemade up his mind to be a vet.（他拿定主意要做个兽医。）/ Feeling good about yourself isessential to feeling good about life.（自尊自爱是享受生活的根本。）/ They wake up theother family members, calling,“Merry Christmas!”（他们叫醒家庭的其他成员,呼喊着:圣诞快乐！）/ The kings of ancient Egypt hadstrong tombs built for themselves.（古代的埃及国王让人给他们自己修建坚固的坟墓。）(4)不可用形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等独立作谓语,必须在此之前加连系动词。(5)谓语动词单复数形式:单数形式的动词有:is,was,has,does以及“动词+s”；复数形式的动词有:are,were,have以及动词原形。其他动词不分单、复数。谓语部分第一个动词的形式 单数形式 复数形式 一般现在时be(是)动词；现在某些时态和语态的助动词be am (单一); are (单二); is (单三); are 一般过去时be(是)动词；过去某些时态和语态的助动词be was (单一); were (单二); was;(单三) were 一般现在时have(有)动词；现在完成时态的助动词have have (单一); have (单二); has (单三); have 一般现在时行为动词和助动词do do (单一、单二); does (单三) do 实意动词和连系动词的一般现在时动词（否定和疑问句除外） 原形动词(单一、单二); 动词+s /es (单三) 原形动词 其他各时态语态的谓语动词 单复数形式相同 记住:主语、谓语单复数必须保持一致。（参见“4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:”）Air andwateris necessary to us all.(空气和水对于我们大家是必不可少的。)(6)一般问句和反意问句的回答不使用行为动词,应该使用“是”动词、情态动词、助动词(be,will,have,do以及变形)。如:TheOlympic Games is held every other year, isn’t it? ----Yes, it is.(奥运会每两年举办一次,是吗？----是的。)3、宾语:(1) 由名词、代词(人称代词要用宾格)、不定式、动名词、(宾语)从句充当,表示动作的承受者是“谁”或者是“何物”。如: The angel also came toJoseph and toldhimthe same thing.(那个天使同样来到约瑟夫面前并且告诉他同样的事情。)(代词和名词充当两个宾语) / He told me that the company could not afford to pay him somuch money.(他告诉我说公司付不起他那么多的钱。)(不定式作宾语) / They enjoy watching footballgames so much that they often forget their lessons.(他们如此喜爱看足球以至于常常忘记了他们的功课。)(动名词作宾语) / I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.(我认为当个儿童医生是很值得的。)(从句作宾语) (2) 只有及物动词或介词才有宾语,不及物动词没有宾语,如果涉及到事物,则必须在不及物动词后面加合适的介词。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物动词,故加to。) / Can you hearanything exciting?(你能听到什么令人兴奋的消息吗？) (3) 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词的后面,但是在疑问句中,如果宾语是疑问词,则宾语要放在句首。介词的宾语如果是疑问词,则可以放在介词后或句首。如:What did he see? (他看见了什么？) / What does he write a letter with? (他用什么写的信？) / With what does he write aletter? (他用什么写的信？)(4)“动词+副词+宾语”结构中,如果宾语是代词,则代词必须放在“动”“副”之间。如:Please put the shoes away. (请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put away the shoes.(请把鞋子收起来。) / Please put themaway. (请把它们收起来。)(5) 动词后面跟双宾语时可以采用两种结构: ①动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。如:Heoften gives mesome help. (他常常帮我。)②动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语。注意,一般情况介词用to,但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for.如:Please make mea kite. (请给我做个风筝。)或Please make a kite for me. (6) 在“动词+宾语+宾补”结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句,则常用it做形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。如:I found the jobrather difficult. (我发觉这个工作相当难做。) / I found it rather difficult to do the job. (7) 宾语可以由从句充当,详见“宾语从句”。 4、表语:(1) 说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分,通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。如:He became a doctorafter he left high school.(高中毕业他当上了医生。) / The rubber wheels are over there.(橡胶轮子在那边。) / He does not feel like eatinganything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何东西因为他得了重感冒。) / Who is it?(谁呀？)(2) 表语只能放在连系动词(如:be,look,become,turnget,grow,feel,seem) 之后,对表语进行提问的句子除外。(3)代词做表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾。如:It’s I. (It’s me.)是我。 (4) 只能作表语的形容词有:sorry,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,ill,well,sure,interested等等。He was terribly sorry for hiscarelessness.(他很为他的粗心而歉疚。) / Please make no noise here; the babyis asleep.(请不要发出响动,婴儿正熟睡呢。) / I am only interestedin sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是对独坐孤舟无所事事感兴趣。) / I am not alone inthinking so.(并非只有我才这样想的。)(5)表语也可以由从句充当,详见“表语从句”。 5、定语: (1) 修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定语的知识。如:Put it in the top drawer.(把它放在最上层的抽屉里。) / France and Switzerland are Europeancountries. (法国和瑞士是欧洲国家。) / His mother andfather are both college teachers.(他的父母都是大学教师。) / This is the day that I can never forget in my life.(这是我一辈子难忘的日子。) (2) 单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序:冠词/物代 年龄/形状/大小/温度 色彩 来源 质地/材料 目的/用途 被修饰的名词(中心词) athemyhis… old,young,… red,yellow,blue,… Chinese,English, American,… wooden,woolen,glass,silk,paper… meeting,tennis,sports,reading,swimming,… box,shoes,room,pig… long,short,round, square… big, large,small, little… hot, cold, warm, cool… (3) 时间副词(now,then,today,yesterday,...)、地点副词(here,there,back,in,out,home,...作定语时放在被修饰的名词后面。如:I could not find my way out,so I stayed there all along. (我找不到出去的路,所以就一直呆在那儿。) (4) 介词短语修饰名词时只能放在名词的后面:The monkey in the cage was caught yesterday. (笼子里的猴子是昨天逮着的。) (5) 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,往往后置。如:He remembered everything unusual.(他记得所有不寻常的事情。)(6) 定语还可以用从句充当,详见定语从句。(7) 注意:由于定语属于修饰性的成分,因此它常归入主语、宾语、表语之中,不作为句子的主要成分。6、状语:(1) 说明动作“何时”、“何地”、“如何”发生,或者说明形容词或副词的程度,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。如:I was not born yesterday.（我又不是昨天才出世的娃娃。）/ For many of thesefamiliesa college education was something new.（对其中的许多家庭来说,大学教育是件新事物。）/ He woke upto find his house on fire.(他醒来发现房子着火了。) / You cannot leave until your workis finished.(在你的工作被完成以前你不能离开) (2) 副词作状语位置较为灵活,详见《六·2》“副词在句子中的位置以及作用”；介词短语作状语,位置基本固定,详见《七·4》“介词短语在句子中的位置”；不定式作状语,一般表示目的、结果,详见《八·7》“动词的非谓语形式”；从句作状语,详见《主从复合句》的“状语从句”。 (3) 多个状语相连时,一般先单词、后短语,先地点、后时间,先小概念、后大概念。如:He went ouf of the roomata quarter to 23:00last night and thendisappeared into the dark.(他昨夜22点3刻从房间里出来,然后消失在黑暗之中。) / (4) 状语还可以用从句来充当,有时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等。详见“状语从句”。 (5) 注意:由于状语属于修饰性的成分,常归入谓语,因此不作为句子的主要成分。 7、宾语补足语: (1) 补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分为宾语补足语,常由名词、形容词、动词非谓语形式(不定式、现在分词、过去分词等)、介词短语等充当。如:Call him Jim, please. (请叫他Jim。) / I tried my best to make him happy.(我竭尽所能让他开心。) / Ask her to come todinner tomorrow. (请他明天来。) / He let the smaller animals bring food to him.(他让小动物们给他带食物来。)阿 (2) 部分表示位置、方向的副词也可以作宾语补足语。如:Let him in, I tell you!(我跟你说,让他进来！)/Please put it away. (请把它收起来。) (3) 不定式或分词作宾语补足语的情况,详见《八·7》“动词的非谓语形式”相关内容。十二、简单句五种基本句型:句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型:1、基本句型的词序: 2、划分符号(没有统一规定,仅供参考): 主谓句型：S－Vi。主系表句型：S－Vlink－P主谓宾句型：S－Vt.－O主谓双宾句型：S－Vt－O间宾－O直宾主谓宾补句型：S－Vt－O－C 3、例句:Jimis working [very hard] [now].（他现在正非常努力地工作。） Sheisyoung. （她年轻。） Itlookslike rain. （天看上去要下雨。） Theboy [always] kickedthe dog [withhis feet]. （这男孩老是用脚踢那只狗。） Hehas [never] boughtmea toy [since last year]. （从去年起他没给我买过一个玩具。） Hefeltsomething (cold)
【篇一】高中英语句子结构分析
英语中的五种基本句型结构
一、句型1： Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：
1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。
2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。
二、句型2：Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：
(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：
1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。
2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。
(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：
1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。
2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。
三、句型3：Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：
1) He took his bag and left.(名词) 他拿着书包离开了。
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。
4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。
注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。
四、句型4： Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：
1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。
2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。 上述句子还可以表达为：
1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
五、句型5： Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的“宾语 + 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：
1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词)
2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。
3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。
4)My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词)
5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词)
● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
● 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：
1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。
2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。
独立主格结构
一) 独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
二) 独立主格结构的特点：
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
【篇二】高中英语句子结构分析
一、句子成分
句子成分—主语: 通常句首;名词/代词/数词/不定式/动名词/句子等
The Beatles is a world-wide famous rock band.
I will be right here waiting for you.
Two plus six is eight.
To save time is to lengthen life.
Watching English movies is a good way to learn English.
What we shall do next is not yet decided
句子成分—谓语: 主语之后;动词;说明主语的动作，状态或特征
A comedy usually has a happy ending.
Time cures all things.
I’ve just finished my assignment.
The work is almost finished.
He was often laughed at for his mistake.
句子成分—宾语: 及物动词和介词后;名词/代词/数词/不定式/动名词/句子等
One should love animals, because they are tasty.
Don’t offer to teach fish to swim.
The first, I think she is beautiful. The second, I think she is pretty. The third, I think she is gorgeous. The fourth, I think she is drop-dead gorgeous.
句子成分—表语: be, seem, appear 感官系动词：look, sound, feel, taste, smell; “变化”系动词：become, turn, run, go, come, get, grow, fall ;“保持”系动词：remain, keep, stand, leave, stay, lay, continue
Honesty is the best policy.
She looked exhausted.
He is out. / He is not here.
Sheldon’s ambition is to be a Nobel Prize winner.
The question is whether populations would put up with the inflation.
句子成分—补语: 宾补&主补;名词/形容词/副词/分词;补充说明
I strongly advise you to apply for the position for designer.
They called him the prince of gymnast.
She heard the girl singing devotedly.
Please keep me informed of the latest development.
Tom is often caught sleeping in class.
He is said to be the founder of modern astronomy.
句子成分—定语: 可前可后,名词/代词/形容词/介词短语/分词/句子
The railway station is being under construction.
Michele is a fashionable girl.
Michele always wears clothes in fashion.
Telling jokes is a good way to make girls happy.
She made a remark which started a heated discussion.
The composer that the manager fired was not qualified for the job.
句子成分—状语: 副词/形容词/介词短语/分词/句子等;时间/地点/原因/目的/结果/方式/条件/让步/比较等
The travelers came back, safe and sound.
From space the astronaut saw a blue globe.
With all his faults, he is still a good guy.
He looked around the table, his eyes flat, his face pale.
It is never too late to learn.
Don’t give up if you want to do something.
句子成分—同位语: 名词代词后,名词/代词/句子等
We students should study hard and learn to be the person kind, honest and tolerant.
Helping others is a good habit, one you can learn even at an early age.
The saying that beauty is but skin deep is but a skin deep saying.
二、五大基本句型
基本句型1：主+谓+状语。 动词为不及物动词。英语中很多动词为不及物动词。用左手记忆
We students should study hard and learn to be the person kind, honest and tolerant.
Helping others is a good habit, one you can learn even at an early age.
The saying that beauty is but skin deep is but a skin deep saying.
基本句型2：主+谓+宾。 动词为及物动词。英语中多数动词为及物动词，或既是及物又是不及物动词，此时它们的意义往往有很大的不同。用右手记忆
Time creates wonders.
They watched the opening ceremony of London Games.
The rapid development of tourism has created many opportunities.
I can’t stand being disturbed.
基本句型3：主+谓+间宾+直宾，或主+谓+直宾+介词+间宾. 常带双宾的动词有(to给)give, send, lend, post, bring, take, show, tell，pass, hand, write, read, offer, sell, return(for为)buy, make, get, find, save, leave, fetch, cook, book用右脚记忆
David showed me the way to the stadium.
Television can give us so much, except the time to think.
Tell a man he is brave, and you help him to become so.
Can you recommend a good comedy film to me?
He is willing to show me how to train a dolphin.
基本句型4：主谓宾宾补用左脚记忆
常带宾补的动词: (1)使役动词或表示叫、命令等意思的词 have, let, make, cause, get, send, ask, order, command, tell, warn, etc(2)感官动词see,watch, notice, find, hear, smell, etc
We found the great hall full.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by an expert from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
基本句型5：主系表用胸腹部记忆
Time is money.
Speech is silver, silence is gold.
The basketball player Yao Ming is tall and strong.
The weather is becoming colder.
She looked exhausted.
The leaves is turning yellow.
三、三大句子结构
简单句：一个主谓结构
Time flies.
并列句：≧两个主谓结构： 分句+并列连词+分句
常见的并列连词有：and, or, but, while, for, so, neither, nor; both …and, either…or, neither…nor, as well as, not only…but also; besides, furthermore, moreover
Love and you’ll be loved.
Be modest, or you will lag behind.
Honesty is a virtue while greed is an evil.
I am nobody, nobody is perfect, so I am perfect.
Either you must improve your work or we shall dismiss you.
I’m not afraid of tomorrow for I have been yesterday and love today.
Pip is not only a teacher; he also treats us like a friend.
复合句：1. 定语从句：The new house which I have just bought is located at the suburb.
2. 名词性从句：What JK Rowling wrote is the Harry Potter series.
3. 状语从句：He was making a phone call when she was doing paper work.
【篇三】高中英语句子结构分析
同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语.如：
We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’)
We all are students. (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)
七、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结
构).
感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等.肯定词yes否定词no称呼语：称呼人的用语.插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I belie
ve,等.
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,
等.
八、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结
构.
例：错句：Studying hard,your score will go up.
正确：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是
人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使
用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).
分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.
如：
Game (being) over,he went home.
He stands there,book (being) in hand.
独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语.这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词
短语、副词或名词等.
如：
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.无事可做,他很快就睡着了.
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜.(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)
英语句子结构和成分分析
1、要分析句子结构，先了解英语句子成分：英语常见的句子成分主要有：主语谓语宾语表语定语状语同位语宾语补足语主语补足语2、英语常用句子结构：简单句并列句复合句3、英语动词简单句的五种基本类型①主系表结构【I 主语】【am 谓语】【 a sports fan表语】.【It 主语】【 gets谓语】【 colder 表语】【 in winter 时间状语】.②主 谓结构They left.③主谓宾结构【I 】【need】【 your help】【It 】【depends on 】【the weather】④主谓双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）结构【He 主语】【 gave谓语】【 me 间接宾语 】【 the book 直接宾语 】【yesterday 时间状语】.⑤主谓复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）结构【We主语】【 made谓语】【 him宾语】【 monitor宾语补足语】【 of our class.定语】4、句子成分划分举例：【I 主语】【live in 谓语】【Shijiazhuang 宾语】,【a city 同位语】【not far from Beijing 形容词短语， 后置定语】. 【简单句】【The teachers 主语】【are 谓语】【enthusiastic and friendly表语】 and 【the class rooms 主语】【 are 谓语 】【amazing表语】.and 连接的【并列句】【I 主语】【don't think 谓语】【( that )I will be bored in Ms Shen's class 宾语从句】.宾语从句成分【I 主语】【will be 谓语】【 bored 表语 】【in Ms Shen's class 介词短语，状语】【The teacher主语】【 is 谓语】【a very enthusiastic定语】【 woman.表语】 另外，建议你：最好看看语法书。在高考之前，将所有的语法好好看一遍，并能够做一些针对性练习，很有助于巩固语法知识。当然，结合老师复习内容，及时加些时间学习对应语法，效果最好。 当然，要整体高学习成绩，还需要【从朗读、阅读入手】。结合朗读，输入更多正确语言表达形式，培养语感；结合阅读，复习高考高频词汇、常用短语、句型结构，为写作积累要使用的基本词句。同时，扩大词汇量，增强阅读和理解能力，提高阅读水平，增强运用英语语言知识解决问题的能力。 手工逐字敲打，希望有助于你。如果还有具体问题，可以百度Hi直接联系。祝你开心如意！希望对你能有所帮助。
英语句子成分结构详解 定语 | 状语 | 宾语 | 补语 | 同位语 | 独立成分 | 分词独立结构 一、英语语句基本结构分析： >> 主谓宾结构： 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等 例：The boy needs a pen.主语the boy，谓语needs(need的第三人称单数形式)，宾语a pen. >> 主系表结构： 主语：同‘主谓宾’结构。 联系动词（Link verb)：be动词（am,is,are,was,were,have been)；其他联系动词如：become成为，turn变成,go变。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系，表语多为形容词或副词，既，不可能是宾语。 表语：说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。当联系动词不是be，而其后是名词和代词时，多表达‘转变为’之意，注意与动宾关系的区别。 感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 例：Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩）/主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is，表语为a boy >> There be 结构： There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’ 试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。 二、定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。 返回 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。 形容词作定语： The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。 Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。 There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词：Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。 There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。 代词或名词所有格作定语： His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。 There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。 介词短语作定语： The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。 名词作定语： The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。 It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。 There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。 副词作定语： The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。 不定式作定语： The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。 The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。 There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。 分词（短语）作定语： The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。 The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。 There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。 定语从句： The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。 The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。 There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。 三、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 返回 状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。 有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘（此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’（此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.\' 副词（短语）作状语： The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语） The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置） The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语） The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语） 介词短语作状语：In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语） Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语) 分词（短语）作状语： He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态） Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语） Frightened,he sits there soundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语） 不定式作状语： The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语） To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣. 名词作状语： Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语） 状语从句： 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 结果状语从句 目的状语从句 比较状语从句 让步状语从句 条件状语从句 四、直接宾语和间接宾语： 返回 >>>特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc. 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please. 强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如：Show this house to . 若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me,please. 五、宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。 返回 名词/代词宾格 + 名词 The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士. 名词/代词宾格 + 形容词 New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松. 名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语 I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作. 名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式 The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户. 名词/代词宾格 + 分词 I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路. 六、同位语： 返回 同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如： We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’） We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’） 七、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。 返回 感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯定词yes 否定词no 称呼语：称呼人的用语。 插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束. 情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然，等。 八、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。 返回 例： 错句：Studying hard,your score will go up. 正确：(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up. 解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score（分数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略. 如： Game (being) over,he went home. He stands there,book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。 如： With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon./无事可做，他很快就睡着了。 The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose./老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）
【篇一】关于英语基本句子结构分析
1. 主语(subject)：句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)
To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)
(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
2. 谓语(predicate)：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
3. 表语(predicative)：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)
Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词)
His father is in.(副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)
(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来，smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持，仍是), feel(感觉)……
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
4. 宾语：1)动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：
I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)
How many do you need? We need two. (数词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)
I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)
2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.
(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名词)
We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)
(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词)
We belong to the third world.(数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)
I have an idea to do it well.(不定式) You should do everything that I do. (定语从句)
(六) 挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.
② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。(以下例句按上述顺序排列)
I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
参 考 答 案
(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary ④ To do
(二) ① B ② A ③ C ④ A ⑤ C
(三) ① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first
(四) ① his homework ② English ③ your pronunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming
(五) ① to read newspapers and books in the reading-room ② to take the boy out of school
③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground
(六) ① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs
(七) ① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ off
(八) ① us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语 ② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语
③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语 ④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语
⑤ me, 间接宾语 message, 直接宾语
【篇二】关于英语基本句子结构分析
一、主语+不及物动词(S+V)
[例句]1. The man cooks. 男人做饭。
2. The sun is shining brightly. 太阳在明亮地照耀着。
3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们呼吸、吃和喝。
4. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
5. They were singing when we arrived. 我们到的时候他们正在唱歌。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不需加宾语。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
二、主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+DO)
[例句]1. Who knows the answer?谁知道答案?
2. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。
3. They ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
4. He said “Good morning.” 他说：“早上好!”
5. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
[分析]这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
三、主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
[例句]1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The cake smells good. 蛋糕味道很好。
3. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。
4. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。
5. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
6. Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。
7. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
四、主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)
[例句]1. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫做了一顿美餐。
3. I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。
4. I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。
5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
6. He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。
[分析]这些句子有一个共同的特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思，故这类动词被称作双宾语动词。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。一般来说指人的宾语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语。通常情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后;有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，此时间接宾语前需加介词for或to。间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy, make, cook, get, choose, sing, find等。例如：
Uncle Li bought me a birthday present.
= Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me. 李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物。
间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give, lend, teach, take, return, send, pass等。例如：
Please pass him a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to him.请递给他一杯茶。
注意：若直接宾语是人称代词，通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前。例如：
误：Please give me them. 正：Please give them to me.
五、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+DO+OC)
[例句]1. They called him James .他们叫他詹姆斯。
will keep the table clean .我们将保持桌面干净。
3. They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色。
4. What makes him think so?他怎么会这样想?
5. We saw him out. 我们送他出去。
6. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
7. I saw them getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
[分析]这些句子的共同特点是：谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。宾语补足语可以由名词、动词不定式、形容词、副词和介词短语等充当。注意：在使役动词make, let, have等引起的复合宾语中，若宾语补足语是动词不定式，则要省去不定式符号to。例如：
He made us laugh. 他使我们发笑。
I won’t let you go. 我不会让你走。
I have them come tomorrow morning. 我让他们明天早上来。
【篇三】关于英语基本句子结构分析
1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如：
The car is running fast.(名词)
We are students.(代词)
One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)
It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)
Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)
【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如：
He works in a factory.(实义动词)
I felt cold.(系动词+表语)
How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)
Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)
They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)
【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如：
He is doing his homework.(名词)
They did nothing this morning.(代词)
She wants to go home.(不定式)
We enjoy playing football.(动名词)
【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass， tell，leave等。如：
He bought me a book.
Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾)
直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如：
Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)
Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)
②有的动词常用不定式作宾语，而不能用动名词。这类动词有：want，wish， hope，promise，decide，agree， choose，care等。如：
I hope to see you again.
③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语，而不用不定式。这类动词有：enjoy，finish，mind，practise，miss， suggest，keep(on)等。如：
Do you mind my opening the window?
④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。
a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如：
Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)
I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)
b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示“停下
原来的事，去做另一件事”，stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如：
I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)
4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如：
What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)
She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
There are two students in the classroom.(数词)
We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)
【注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前，但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语，则放在后面。
5.状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如：
Thank you very much.(副词)
I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)
He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)
We were having breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)
【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如：
He is old enough to go to school.
6.表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有：be，look，get，sound(听起来)，feel，become， smell，turn，taste(尝起来)等。如：
They are workers.(名词)
Two and three is five.(数词)
The story is very interesting.(形容词)
M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)
She is at home.(介词短语)
I feel terrible.(形容词)
The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)
7.宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如：
We elected him monitor.(名词)
I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)
The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)
He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)
They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)
